Smedley's 'Poems, with a Selection from his Cor-
respondence,' 1837, p. 303). This phrase was
certainly not in use at Westminster in my time;
and I should be glad if any reader of 'N. & Q.’
will explain it to me. Could "jointed dolls" have
been nonsense verses?
G. F. R. B.

the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxii. pp. 33, 122,
as having recently issued from the press, i.e., not
long before January, 1802.
M. H. P.

THOMAS STRANGWAYES.-Can any correspondent give me particulars of the life and family of Thomas Strangwayes, K.G.C., Captain 1st Native Poyer Regiment, and Aide-de-Camp to His Highness Gregor, Cacique of Poyais, and author of a work entitled 'A Sketch of the Mosquito Shore, including the Territory of Poyais,' published by

Discredited Notes' in Chambers's Journal, Oct. 22, 1887, p. 678.) THOMAS E. STRANGWAYES. The Leases, Bedale.

OLIVER GOLDSMITH OR DR. OLIVER GOLDSMITH. -In a copy of the Citizen of the World,' edition 1818, published by Messrs. Archer & Burnside, 18, Capel Street, Dublin, which is in my possession, the name of the author is given as Oliver Gold-Blackwood in 1822? (See article entitled 'On some smith, M.B. I was not aware that Goldsmith was entitled to the use of this degree, and perhaps through your columns I may get the information whether Goldsmith's title to rank as a medical man was gained as the result of examination or was conferred by the Dublin or some other university as an honorary distinction, in recognition of his high attainments as a literary man. JOHN GODSON.

[Goldsmith is reported to have taken the M.B. degree at Louvain, and also at Padua, and is said to have attended chemical lectures in Paris. Nothing definite is known, however. See Mr. Leslie Stephen's article in "Dict. Nat. Biog.']

SUPPOSITATIVE.—I do not like to be captious or over-fastidious as to the coinage of new words; but I would fain ask DR. BR. NICHOLSON how he can justify the formation of the above word, which he uses on p. 270 of the last volume of N. & Q.' Two lines lower down he uses the word authoritative, which, of course, comes from authoritas, or more correctly auctoritas; but there is no such a Latin substantive as suppositas.

MUS OXONIENSIS.

INDEX SOCIETY.-Can any one tell me whether the Index Society has published more than Part 1, A to Gi., of their 'Index to the Obituary and Biographical Notices in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1731 to 1780,' which was issued in 1886? It would seem desirable that so useful a work should be completed. R. B.

GUILDS OF SHREWSBURY, &c.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q' say whether there are any returns from Shrewsbury or Oswestry among the documents relating to guilds in the British Museum-" Misc. Rolls, Tower Records, Bundles cccviij-x"?

S. C. S.

MR. JUSTICE HAYES'S WRITTEN IN THE TEMPLE GARDENS.' Mr. James Payn, in his causerie in the Illustrated London News of Dec. 15, 1888, names this as one of the best of legal poems. Where can I find it? DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

THOMAS SHAW THE TRAVELLER.-Is there any memoir in existence of this traveller, who explored portions of Africa long before the days of railways and steamboats, and when great risks were run? He was not only a traveller, but a scholar and a divine. Thomas Shaw was born at Kendal, in Westmoreland, about 1692, educated at the Grammar School of that town, and afterwards at Queen's College, Oxford, the great resort of North-countrymen. He became fellow of the college; was for twelve years chaplain at Algiers; principal at St. Edmund's Hall, 1740-51, in the gift of Queen's College; and Regius Professor of Greek, 1747-51, when he died. There is yet in existence a monuAlgiers, so a friend informs me, and he is noticed ment to his memory in the English Church at by Gibbon in a note on chap. xxiv. of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' as follows: "Our blind travellers seldom possess any previous knowledge of the countries which they visit. Shaw and Tournefort deserve an honourable exception." The term "blind" is, of course, used metaphorically. It is a point to have been mentioned by Gibbon, for it has been said that the name of any one being mentioned by him is like having it inscribed on the cupola of St. Paul's. Shaw's chief work, Travels and Observations relating to several Parts of Barbary and the Levant,' besides running through several editions in English, was translated into French, German and Dutch. It forms & volume in the series "Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels." JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

EARLY MISSAL.-I have an imperfect copy of a missal which I shall be glad to identify. It is a fo lio, printed in black letter, in double columns, of thirty-three lines. Each leaf is numbered. The title is as follows: "Incipit Missale integru' tam de t'pe q' de sanctis a'm rubrica' archiep'atus eccle

sie Prage'sis cu' oi'bus suis requisitis." My copy consists of 324 leaves numbered and one leaf mounted, containing the "Benedictio salis et aqua"; the remainder, of course including the colophon, is wanting. The canon is not inserted in the usual place, and may have been among the missing sheets at the end. I may mention it is rich in proses. Brunet mentions a missal with this title, "Missale secundum rubricam Pragensis Ecclesiæ. Lips., Kachelofen, 1498." Could this CHARLES L. BELL.

be the same?

73, Chesterton Road, Cambridge.

Replies.

MR. GLADSTONE'S OXFORD ADDRESS.

(7th S. ix. 144, 249, 394.)

Brit.," "At an early date the stars were numbered and named, but the most important astronomical work was the formation of a calendar, which would seem to belong to about 2200 B.C.," more than ten centuries before the earliest date assignable to Homer. This calendar passed through the Assyrians to the Jews, and once circulated on the Mediterranean coast. Would it be very strange if the Greeks got some hint of it, and other Assyrian astronomy, either in their own voyages or by contact with Phoenician merchants? I do not wish, however, to attempt to prove any such connexion as Mr. Gladstone fancies, though I must say I think it highly probable that some of the wisdom of the great Mesopotamian empires did filter through the inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon (who were subjects of Assyria) into Greece. I have not been able to refer to Sir Cornewall Lewis's work, but against him I may quote these words from Prof. Sayce, "Eclipses were observed from a remote epoch.' were For my previous reference to the Rig Veda, see Weber's Hist. Ind. Lit.,' p. 2. (3.) MR. MOORE unduly exalts the navigation of the Greeks in the Homeric period. They certainly crossed from island to island in the Agean at a very early date, but they took good care never to lose sight of land, and almost invariably disembarked for the night. Sicily, for instance, was a land of terror and wonder to the early Greeks, and yet within a very short sail from their western coast. They were compelled, indeed, by the nature of their country to become a seafaring people, and it is natural that their nautical terms should be mostly indigenous; but they certainly needed little assistance from the stars in the short, faltering voyage of their early history. It was only when they were launched on unknown seas, as was Odysseus in his involuntary voyage, that they may have been glad to borrow a little of the astronomical skill which the Phoenicians undoubtedly possessed at an early date.

MR. MOORE has judiciously forgotten, or silently yielded, the one point in his previous note which I desired to attack. "So far," he then wrote, 66 the Greeks in Homer's time from getting such astronomy as they had from Assyria, that every probability is the other way," meaning, I presume, that it was much more likely the Assyrians borrowed from the Greeks. This I maintained to be quite impossible; and I am glad to see that MR. MOORE no longer attempts to defend his former position, but contents himself with an effort to prove that the Greeks were in no way indebted to Assyria. This is, of course, very likely; and subtle as Mr. Gladstone's address was, it was very far from carrying conviction.

MR. MOORE, however, introduces a good deal of foreign matter into his rejoinder, and his own proverb, oudev πpòs Atóvvσov, might easily be turned against himself. He wishes to prove that the Greek astronomy was of home growth, and actually thinks it to the point to prove that Greek navigation and Greek nautical terms were indigenous; and what the connexion may be between a record of the eclipses of the moon and that simple astronomical knowledge which might guide the Chaldean shepherds over the plain or Odysseus steering over unknown seas, is very hard to see. As MR. MOORE attacks my arguments, I should like to offer a brief defence.

(4.) Lastly, MR. MOORE translates the Homeric half-line, Quiλevv d'σTE (woì ẞporoi, "they were grouped together like living men." Not only is this a questionable translation, as uilevv seems ὡμίλουν to mean "were mingling in the fight," but the comparison σTE, K.T.A., becomes, to my thinking, tasteless and pointless. MR. MOORE thinks it just such an observation as would be made on a fine composition of Raphael; but I venture to think that most of us would be rather surprised and amused if we read in some description of 'The Ascension' of that greatest of painters, "This is an admirable picture; the figures are actually grouped together like living beings!" Considering that Homer does make more than one allusion to the (2.) I should have thought the antiquity of the moving active figures made by Hephaestus; conChaldean astronomy would have passed un-sidering, too, what is a significant, if pedantic questioned; but since MR. MOORE seems to doubt it, let me refer to Prof. Sayce's words in the 'Enc.

(1.) I cannot see that a reference to the Chaldean astronomy is beside the original question, though it may be, as restated by MR. MOORE. Babylon was the mother country of Assyria, and gave her astronomy, as she gave everything else. I leave it to common sense to decide whether there is the remotest probability of Assyria borrowing from Greece. Chronology alone would decide against any such supposition.

point, the vivid imperfect tense, wμíλevv, μáxovтO, pvov,-I cannot see that it is at all improbable

that Homer really meant the figures to be moving,
fighting, haling corpses, and the like; though
whether this was suggested to him by the winged
figures of Assyria is a totally different and much
more difficult question.
MALCOLM DELEVINGNE.

Edward. With regard to his second suggestion,
that the n in Ned, Noll, &c., is the final n of mine,
it seems to me that if he can support it by nothing
more than "my nuncle," my naunt," &c., he has
but very little to go upon. He should show, so it
seems to me, that men when speaking to men*
were, centuries ago, in the constant habit of pre-
fixing mine to the Christian names of their intimate
friends when these names began with a vowel, and
my in other cases, just as is still done in France
(see Roger la Honte,' by Jules Mary, ii. 331, 338,
343, 345, where a mother calls her son
Pierre").

mon

WERE PROOFS SEEN BY ELIZABETHAN AUTHORS? (7th S. vii. 304; viii. 73, 253; ix. 431.)—In another of Brathwaite's books, Strappado for the Diuell,' apparently not examined by DR. NICHOLSON, he says, "Vpon the Errata......Yet know iudicious disposed Gentlemen, that the intricacie of the In my note I have explained this N-which is copie, and the absence of the Author from many found also in Nan, Nanny, Nancy, &c. (from Anna important proofes were occasion of these errors," or Ann), and in French Nanette, Ninon,† &c. (Miss &c. The inference here is plain enough. Brath-Yonge, i. 105); in the Scotch Nanty (from Anwaite's quibbling remarks". vpon the Errata" in tony, ibid., i. civ); in Nell and Nelly (from Ellen); various of his books, when twisted together, it is in Nib and Nibbie (from Isabel, ibid., i. 93)—in scarcely necessary to tell students of old literature, the same way in which I have preferred to explain made the " 'rope by which Joseph Haslewood the T in Ted, viz., by supposing that the N and traced to him the authorship of 'Barnabee Itine- the T, as well as the other letters of which I have rarium,' which had previously been attributed to a given examples, are mere prefixes, but without mythical Barnaby Harrington. This discovery was suggesting why they are prefixed, excepting that "the chief feather in Haslewood's toppin," and has I say that I find that the dentals (t, d, n) are more helped to keep alive an interest in some of the often so prefixed than the labials (p, b, m), and the more heavy and lumbering of Brathwaite's books. labials than the gutturals or palatals (c, k, g hard and soft, j, ch), while the hard checks (t, p) are more used than the soft ones (d, b).

The following is a striking instance of care in seeing a book through the press. I have a Holinshed's Chronicle,' 1577, the first volume of which I found had a duplicate leaf in the Historie of Ireland,' pp. 87-8 (F vii). Experience having made me cautious, I did not hastily take out one as superfluous, but began carefully to compare them letter by letter; and at the very commencement I found they differed. Alluding to the Earl of Kildare's enemies, the writer begins the page by terming them "the Belweathers and Caterpyllars of his ouerthrow, as in those dayes it was commonly bruted." In the other leaf the words in italics are altered to "the chiefe meanes and causes of his ouerthrow, as in those dayes it was commonly bruted." This is a very singular alteration, and must have been made by the author for sufficient reasons. Was one leaf intended to cancel the other? If so, how comes my book to have both leaves? I shall be glad to know if any one else has the book with such a duplicate, or with the first and more emphatic" reading; and it will be an additional favour if replies are headed 'Holinshed's Chronicle.' Boston, Lincolnshire.

R. R.

TED, NED (7 S. ix. 305; and see 5th S. iii. 301, 413; iv. 138).-It is evident that PROF. SKEAT has either never seen or has forgotten a note (5th S. iii. 301) which I wrote so far back as 1875 On the Prefixion of N, T, D, P, B and other Letters at the Beginning of the Diminutives of certain Christian Names.' In that note I anticipated his suggestion that Ted has been formed from St.

I might well have added—and, indeed, I did hint at it in speaking of N-that the prefixed letter is often derived from the same or kindred letter in the name itself; and thus I prefer to explain the t in Ted (Ted standing instead of Ded, which would have an unpleasant sound), and the n in Ned and Noll (n being the nasal of d, and being exchangeable with 1, as in Nillon-Ninnon or Ninon,+ for Annet). In Nib and Nibbie Isabel, also, it seems to me that the n may well be derived from the final 7; whilst in Nanty=Antony and Nell=Ellen the n is almost certainly to be referred to the n's in those names, just as it is in the Mod. Gr. Návvos='Iwávvns (Miss Yonge, i. 111). Comp. also Bob Robert and Beppo or Pippo (Ital.)-Giuseppe, in which

=

I say "men when speaking to men," because lovers and husbands and wives were no doubt in the habit of addressing each other in this way, but this would scarcely be enough to establish the habit among people in general. Ninon in this case-Nanon (or Nannon), and the initial N is derived from one of the n's in Anne. And so again in Ninoun (in Provençal), which Mistral, in his 'Dict.,'declares to Catherine, the initial n is derived from the n in the last three letters, ine. But Ninon is also used in France-Eugénie (this I learn from my daughter, who has now for some years been living in France and has a friend Eugénie, who is often called Ninon), and in this case the Ni is a reduplication of the nie (unless, indeed, Ninon stands for Ni-on), whilst in all three cases the on (or oun) is a diminutive ending.

See Etude sur les Noms de Famille du Pays de Liège,' by Albin Body (Liège, 1880), p. 166.

the b's and the p have evidently come from the b "DOWN ON THE NAIL" (7th S. ix. 366).—Is and the p's in the two names. And so again in not this a translation of "super unguem," menTaff David, and in Lallie Sarah or Sally, in tioned by your correspondent? See "super nacuthe Times obituary of May 23. Sometimes, how-lum" in Nares, and Halliwell's 'Glossary," Hazlitt's ever, the initial letter is scarcely to be derived 'Dodsley,' viii. 58, and Hazlitt's 'Proverbs,' £2, from any letter in the name, as in Hob-Robert, s. v. 66 Make a pearl of your nail," where reference Tibbie Isabel. is made to N. & Q.,' 4th S. i. 460, 559. "On the nail" the 'Encyclopædia Londinensis' quotes from Johnson :