coiners are not uncommon. I remember that during a tour in Spain in 1866 or 1867 I was cautioned by my friends never to receive a Spanish coin before testing it by scratching it with my nail, tinkling it on some hard substance, and even biting it with my teeth, the base coins were so numerous at that time in the country; and once or twice I was a loser for having neglected to follow this friendly piece of advice. From that ancient disparaging meaning the phrase may have assumed in time, and when the coinage of money was put under stricter regulations, the general sense it now has-" to pay cash." DNARGEL. Paris. "SUDDEN DEATH" (7th S. ix._389). This petition is far older than our first English Litany of 1544, and therefore than the quoted epidemic of Henry VII.'s time. It is translated, like the rest of the Litany and most of the Prayer Book, from the old Latin forms of Sarum. There is no reason why it should puzzle commentators, for I fear it is a necessary presumption-alas that it should be so!-that a sudden death is more likely than another to be unprepared for. This last phrase was, indeed, added in Sarum, and perhaps it is a pity our translators dropped it. But other wise very many, and I among them, would far rather pray for a sudden death. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. the eldest son of Roderic the Great), and to South Wales having married the before-named Angharad. In 1020 he was slain. He left a son called Gryffydh ap Llewellyn, who in 1037 became Prince of North Wales. ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. Swansea. Gruffyd ab Llywelyn further back in the male line It may be difficult to trace the ancestry of interest from the fact that his pretensions to the than his grandfather Sitsylt. It is of the less sovereignty of Wales were derived partly from his mother, Angharad, daughter and heiress of Meredydd ab Owain, Prince of South Wales, whom his father Llywelyn ab Sitsylt married, and partly from his grandmother Trawst, daughter of Elis, second son of Amarawd ab Rhodri Mawr, Prince of North Wales, whom his grandfather Sitsylt married. Gruffyd ab Llywelyn and Llywelyn ab Sitsylt are both mentioned in the pedigree of the Wynn family, not as being of their ancestry, but as having disturbed their ancestry in the succession to the throne. But that family had a relative of the same name two centuries later, the Gruffyd, son of one Llywelyn, Prince of Wales (the Great), and father of another Llywelyn, Prince of Wales (the last of British race), which Gruffyd died in attempting his escape from the Tower. The Gruffyd now in question is said to have married Fleance, son of Bancho, Thane of Lochabyr, whence is descended the house of Stuart, which afterwards became royal. KILLIGREW. Longford, Coventry. As emphatic a negative as can be that it was from any local or temporary circumstance is the P.S.-I ought to add that at 6th S. xi. 518 a only answer which can be returned to the question correspondent states of the daughter of Gruffyd pace C. C. B. In the Use of Sarum it is, "Aab Llywelyn, whom he calls Neota or Guenta, subitanea et improvisa morte libera." It is the that the bards trace her line back to Adam. Does he mean through the ancestors of Sitsylt or through those of Trawst, his wife? same in the Roman Use. ED. MARSHALL. This cannot, I think, be "a special insertion," as it occurs in old Catholic Litanies; only, it seems to my mind, it is better expressed in them, for it stands either "ab improvisa morte or a mala morte," or, if "subitanea" is named, it is qualified with "et improvisa." " I suppose that the people who pray believe in "a future state of rewards or punishments," and that what they intend to avert in this petition is the being caught unawares. Surely, if they can book themselves against this, they would prefer a bona fide "sudden death," without household upset and annoyance, to the grim and melancholy and repulsive paraphernalia attendant on the process of “dying in one's bed"! R. H. BUSK. GRIFFITH AP LLEWELLYN (7th S. ix. 368).-I think it will be found that in A.D. 998 Meredydh died, leaving an only child, named Angharad, married to Lewelyn ap Seisyllt, who in 1015 became Prince of all Wales, founding his claim to North Wales upon being descended from Trawst, daughter of Elis, second son of Amarawd (who was THOMAS CAMPBELL (7th S. ix. 203, 309, 473).— I see that I have misquoted a line by Goldsmith, and made him use which when he really used that. The line should be, And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind. E. YARDLEY. A very large number of the mottoes to the "Waverley Novels," variously purporting to be extracts from old plays, the composition of anonymous writers, &c., were composed by Sir Walter Scott himself. Lockhart, in the 'Life,' vol. v. p. 145, thus explains the beginning of this practice : "It was in correcting the proof-sheets of the 'Antiquary' that Scott first took to equipping his chapters with mottoes of his own fabrication. On one occasion he happened to ask John Ballantyne, who was sitting by him, to hunt for a particular passage in Beaumont and in discovering the lines. Hang it, Johnnie,' cried Scott, Fletcher. John did as he was bid, but did not succeed I believe I can make a motto sooner than you will find one.' He did so accordingly; and from that hour, when ever memory failed to suggest an appropriate epigraph, he had recourse to the inexhaustible mines of 'old play or old ballad,' to which we owe some of the most exquisite verses that ever flowed from his pen." These were gathered as 'Miscellaneous and Lyrical Sound, sound the clarion, fill the fife! Is worth an age without a name. Helensburgh, N.B. THOMAS BAYNE, Week, besides, as all your readers remember, many articles from his pen had appeared in the columns of N. & Q.' The Times (Dec. 13, 1889), in its notice of his life and works, omitted to mention the following humorous little brochures: "Tales of College Life' (London, 1856), 'Motley, Prose and Verse (London, 1855), Medley' (London, 1858), and The Shilling Book of Beauty. All of these, except the first, contained illustrations and parodies. Mr. Bradley was, perhaps, as little of an artist as Fair' and 'Pendennis,' enable one to realize the Thackeray; but his sketches, like those in 'Vanity author's conception of character, and have the merits of truth and life, if not of beauty or sentiment. 'The Shilling Book of Beauty' had a tremendous sale. It is a miscellany of parodies in verse and prose, and in the copy presented to me by Mr. Bradley he marked by whom the articles were written, his own name appearing most frequently. This entertaining little work can still be had of Messrs. J. Blackwood & Co. As a reader and reciter he was much sought There is not the slightest doubt that the fine after, generally selecting humorous subjects, whilst quatrain, Sound, sound the clarion, fill the fife, &c., which forms the motto to the thirty-fourth (thirtythird in some editions) chapter of Old Mortality,' is Scott's own. In the eighty-fourth (concluding) chapter of his Life of Scott' Lockhart says, "Let us remember his own immortal words," namely, the lines in question, which Lockhart quotes in full. This evidence is, I think, conclusive. JONATHAN BOUCHIER. The following lines from Goldsmith's 'Deserted Village,' frequently quoted by platform orators, have been overlooked by your correspondent, viz.: Ill fares the land to hastening ills a prey 6, Freegrove Road, N. CUTHBERT BEDE (7th S. ix. 203, 258, 336, 415). -The name of this genial and accomplished gentleman is so inseparably connected with 'Verdant Green,' his most successful book, that there is some little danger that his other works may be generally overlooked. I had much correspondence with the late Mr. Edward Bradley, springing in the first instance from my insatiable appetite for parodies, in which he also took a great interest. He had written many, and generously gave permission for them to be included in my collection, indicating where they had originally appeared, and under what circumstances. This led to the discovery that he had at various times contributed largely to Punch, Fun, Albert Smith's the Month and Town and Country Miscellany, and Once a there was scarcely a large town in the Midland and Eastern Counties in which he had not appeared as a lecturer. His most successful efforts in this line were lectures on 'Modern Humourists,' ' Wit and Humour,' 'Light Literature,' and 'Humorous Literature.' Overflowing with fun and gaiety, there was not a line to offend the most delicate reader in all his merry little sketches, which were, after all, but the recreations of a country parson, whose more serious duties were never neglected, and whose tastes for history and archæology were demonstrated in books displaying a wider reading than many readers of 'Verdant Green' would think its author serious enough to undertake. Consideration for the space of 'N. & Q.' prevents my writing more, although there is much interesting information I could cull from the bundle of his letters now in front of me. But I cannot refrain from adding these few notes to those of your other contributors about one whose books amused my childhood's happiest days, whose friendship in my manhood I greatly valued, and whose memory I shall respect for all time. WALTER HAMILTON. Elms Road, Clapham Common, It is impossible to fix the critical standard of "la décence," and I do not know what edition of 'Verdant Green' was used by M. Taine. But there was one representation (I almost think it was in an illustration only) which the author thought fit to omit from the later editions. When the hero came home for his first vacation the maidservants declared that "Oxford college had made quite a man of Master Verdant," and the picture showed him kissing the maids on the stairs. It was much more suited to Sam Weller, and no doubt was in bad taste, to say the least. Your readers may care to be referred to the Durham Univ. Journal, ix. 10, 35, for biographical and bibliographical particulars. W. C. B. SOCIETY OF THE CAMBRIDGE APOSTLES (6th S. xii. 228; 7th S. ix. 432).-With a view to future identification, it may be worth while to remark as follows upon some of the names given by MR. BOASE at the latter reference, especially as they are not given in chronological order. "John Kemble." I apprehend, but am not sure, that this is John Meadows Kemble, the Anglo-Saxon scholar. "J. W. Blakesley (Canon of Canterbury)." Dr. Blakesley died Dean of Lincoln. Henry James." Possibly MR. BOASE believes this to be Sir Henry James, Q.C. and M.P., sometime Attorney-General. It is not so, and Sir Henry James is not a Cambridge man. Once upon a time there were at Cheltenham College two boys, each named Henry James. One of them, the present Sir Henry James, was for local reasons distinguished as "Hereford James." The other (distinguished as Cheltenham James") was my old friend Henry Alfred James, who is pleased to call himself "the wrong Henry James," because he has stuck to scholastic work, and so has not become a knight and an Attorney-General. He it is who was one of the Cambridge Apostles. His intimate friend Julian Fane was also an Apostle, as, indeed, may almost be inferred from MR. BOASE's note. "Dr. Butler (head master of Harrow)." Two Dr. Butlers, father and son, have been head masters of Harrow. The son, who was afterwards Dean of Gloucester, and is now Master of Trinity, is that Dr. Butler who was a Cambridge Apostle. "Sir Frederick Pollock," This, I believe, is the Queen's Remembrancer, and not his father the Chief Baron, "Vernon Harcourt." This is that very eminent personage the Right Hon. Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon-Harcourt, Q.C. and M.P. "Frederick Maurice." This is not the distinguished engineer officer and Sandhurst professor, Lieut.-Col. Frederick Maurice, R.E., but is his father, the Rev. John Frederick Denison Maurice, M.A., sometime Chaplain of Lincoln's Inn, and founder of the Working Men's College, and (as we all know) a beloved and honoured theologian. A. J. M. MOURNING LACE (7th S. ix. 388, 494).—May I ask MR. MILNE still further to oblige me by stating what authority he has for saying that the 63rd Regiment wore a black stripe in their lace previous to 1831 The fact is not mentioned in the published annals of the corps, though various descriptions of lace are recorded as having been worn at different times: yellow in 1763; white, with a very small green stripe, in 1768; silver in 1813; gold in 1832. Since my original query appeared I have been informed that the York and Lancaster Regiment (65th and 84th) wear the black "worm" in their lace in memory of the loss sustained on the Nive in 1813 by what is now their second battalion, and that black gloves were also worn at one time by the officers of the old 84th to commemorate the same event. Is this correct? GUALTERULUS. POEM BY THE AUTHOR OF 'FESTUS' (7th S. ix. 407, 495).—I shall be obliged to any one who will lend me for a day or two the number of London Society which contains Mr. Philip James Bailey's poem called 'The Divining Cup.' A writer at the second reference says that it appeared some twentyseven or twenty-eight years ago. Bottesford Manor, Brigg. EDWARD PEACOCK. "The Divining. Cup,' by the author of 'Festus,' appeared in the December part of London Society for 1862, pp. 561-3. The following year Mr. P. J. Bailey contributed to the same magazine two shorter poems, Sweeter than Truth' (July, p. 95) and 'I Remember' (August, pp. 222-3). JULIA H. L. DE VAYNES. DISPERSION OF THE WOOD OF THE CROSS (7th S. ix. 204, 316, 449).-Mr. Riley's statement as to the dispersion of the wood of the true cross in order to avoid capture does not meet with support from all writers on this subject. In a little work I have, entitled 'Holy Cross: a History of the Invention, Preservation, and Disappearance of the Wood known as the True Cross,' by W. C. Prime, LL.D., there is a perfectly different account of it. The writer seems to be well acquainted with his subject, and after giving an account of the finding of the cross by the Empress Helena at Jerusalem in 325, its capture in 614 by Chosroes the Persian, its recapture by the Emperor Heraclius, and its other vicissitudes of fortune, narrates its final capture by Saladin in the year 1187, and concludes in the following words (I condense slightly pp. 114 and 115 of the work): "So on the 5th day of July, 1187, the cross was lost on the field of Hattin. It was never again in the possession of Christians...... Europe rang with wails of agony when the terrible news that the cross was lost reached tween 1190 and 1192 to purchase the cross from Saladin. her people. Repeated efforts were made by Richard beAt the siege of Acre in 1190 the Sultan offered to give up the cross as part of the terms agreed on, but the recover it. Then it disappeared. Of its fate no man Christians failed to fulfil their promises, and so did not knows anything. History and romance were suddenly quiet on the theme, and the true cross became a memory." Now which of these two statements, if either, are we to believe-Mr. Riley's, that the cross was cut up and divided amongst the churches in order true. to avoid capture, or Dr. Prime's, that it was cap-to the expense of a new cross each time it was tured and never again in the hands of Christians? used? J. R. HAIG. One thing is quite certain-both cannot be SOLITAIRE (7th S. ix. 348, 433).—In a memoir of Rev. T. Gaskin, M.A. (Second Wrangler, 1831, formerly fellow and tutor of Jesus College, Cambridge), published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, June, 1889, and written by Mr. E. J. Routh, of Cambridge, it is stated that Mr. Gaskin, while residing at Cheltenham, published a pamphlet on the theory and practice of solitaire. By the courtesy of Mr. Gaskin's daughter, I am in possession of a copy of this pamphlet, which I shall be happy to lend to TISM if he will communicate with me at the address given below. I may be allowed to say that the tone of the pamphlet is very decidedly mathematical. (Rev.) P. J. F. GANTILLON. Of the relics found by the Empress Helena at Jerusalem there is one, I believe, the authenticity of which has never been questioned, that is, the tablet put up at the head of the cross. A considerable portion of this tablet (that is, the tablet found at Jerusalem-I carry it no further back than that) is in the church of Santa Croce at Rome. It has been more than once engraved, and there is a copy of it in Dr. Prime's book. The wood is believed to be oak. The letters are incised. The Greek and the Latin versions read from right to left; the Hebrew portion is quite destroyed. This tablet has been referred to before in N. & Q.' (2nd S. ix. 437, 515). It is, no doubt, a most interesting 1, Montpellier Terrace, Cheltenham, relic, even if it goes back no further than the time of Constantine. Between the date of the cruci- HONE: HOE (7th S. ix. 426).-Johnson (ed. fixion and the finding of the relics by the empress 1785) defines a hoe as an instrument to cut up the there is an interval of something like three hun-earth, of which the blade is at right angles with dred years, during the whole of which time history the handle," and he quotes Mortimer, who wrote a and tradition are both silent as to the existence, Treatise on Husbandry,' and died in 1736 ('Biog. even, of the original cross. It must not be for- Dict.,' 1809). The hoe described by the lexigotten that at the very time these searches were cographer was shaped like a cooper's adze, and being made in Jerusalem, under the orders of the there is a figure of one in Gervase Markham's Empress Helena, Eusebius was, it is believed, on Farewell to Husbandry' (ed. 1631, p. 6), but the spot, and that in his 'Life of Constantine' he the latter calls it a hack, and writes of hacking narrates fully what was then being done, but he the ground, and of "a good hacker, being a lusty says nothing about this discovery. This silence of labourer" (p. 5). J. F. MANSERGH. Eusebius is inexplicable, assuming that the relics Liverpool. were found, as subsequently believed, in the city in which he was living at the time of the discovery, or very shortly afterwards. This silence is difficult to account for or to explain away; and this difficulty must be faced by all persons who seek to set up by historical evidence the authenticity of these relics. Matters of religious faith are, however, little suited to the pages of 'N. & Q.,' so I will say no further on this point. I took the opportunity of referring to Mr. Riley's book at the British Museum recently, in the hope of finding some mention of the authorities on which he relies for his statement, but I was disappointed to find he does not give any. W. O. WOODALL. Is there any reason to suppose that Christ was crucified upon any special cross, made specially and newly for himself? Would it not be much more reasonable to suppose that he was hanged on one of the ordinary public crosses, which had served often before for the punishment of malefactors and served often afterwards for the same purpose? We are nowhere led to suppose that his cross was a new one, or that it was in any way different from the crosses of the two thieves. Would not a public cross be kept for the punishment of all malefactors, as in our own days a public gallows is kept for the same purpose, without the authorities having to go It is certainly clear that hone in Tusser is a misprint for houe, i.e., hoe. "How or Hoe" is the spelling in Phillips, ed. 1706. It is spelt hough by Ellis (1750), and how by Worlidge (1681); see 'Old Country Words,' ed. J. Britten (E.D.S.). The spelling houe is the correct French spelling; even Cotgrave, s. v. "Houé," has, "opened at the root as a tree with a Houe." No doubt the spelling houe will turn up elsewhere, to countenance Tasser's spelling. Ray has how (1691). WALTER W. SKEAT. The conjecture of MR. J. DIXON is very ingenious, but it is extremely dangerous to change archaic words into modern ones. Heó is the heel, the quotations from old Tusser. "A hone to raise and there seems to be a play on the word in both roote, like sole of a boote," and again, "A hone and a parer like sole of a boote." The whetstone is hán. It seems to me that hone does not require with ho, a heel, seems the right tack, and the suffix emendation, but rather elucidation. Its connexion -ne. E. COBHAM BREWER. REGIMENTAL MESSES (7th S. ix. 388, 476).Some thirty years ago I spent a spring in Algiers. There were troops in all the larger towns. The officers had a mess at the principal hotel in the town. I remember one at Blidah very well, for IRETON (7th S. ix. 508).-It is stated in Webb's 'Compendium of Irish Biography' (Dublin, Gill, 1878) that the body of Ireton was embalmed before its conveyance for burial in Westminster Abbey, and after the Restoration it was, with the remains of Cromwell, disinterred, exposed on a scaffold, and burned at Tyburn. HENRY GERALD HOPE. 6, Freegrove Road, N. BURNSIANA (7th S. ix. 465). The epitaph (quoted by MR. NEALE) from Camden's 'Remains, edit. 1636, appeared in 'N. & Q.,' 4th S. xii. 6; and on pp. 56, 80, and in two subsequent communications in the same volume (I cannot give the pages), one from myself, the other from W. M., who had suggested (p. 56) that the lines (the epitaph) were Burns's Joyful Widower,' the question of the poet's authorship and plagiarism of the poem is conclusively negatived. The verses were merely furnished by Burns, who had been asked to collect an olla podrida of unconsidered trifles for publication. If your correspondent will consult 4th S. xii. he will acquit Burns of having plagiarized the 'Joyful Widower' from the epitaph. FREDK. RULE. Ashford, Kent. [The other references to which MR. RULE alludes are 4th 8. xii. 98, 139. All are simply headed Epitaph,' are not indexed under Burns, and were accordingly not easily traceable.] THE DROMEDARY (7th S. ix. 485).—The earliest notice of the exhibition of a camel in England which I discovered while collecting materials for my 'Old Showmen' was an advertisement of one of the minor shows at Bartholomew Fair in 1748, at "the first house on the pavement from the end of Hosier Lane." In the same year there was exhibited at the White Swan, near the Bull and Gate, Holborn, a small collection of animals, foremost in the list of which was “ a large and beautiful young camel from Grand Cairo, in Egypt, near eight feet high, though not two years old, and drinks water but once in sixteen days." This exhibition was after 285, 469).-MR. HARNEY'S wrath with the old THIRD-CLASS RAILWAY CARRIAGES (7th S. ix. third-class carriages seems to me a trifle superfluous. Let him recall, if he can, the state of things replaced by these an outside place on a stagecoach. Seat about a foot wide, or something less; rest for the back, if any, the trunks piled on the top; if in the end place, scarcely any support for the feet; length of journey, ten hours for a hundred miles; price, 25s. to 30s. Everything goes by comparison. Those who suddenly found that they could travel the same distance (at the utmost) in half the time for one-third of the price had more cause for gratitude than for grumbling. Even now I sometimes think that a rough unfurnished fourthclass carriage, conveying passengers at a halfpenny a mile, might be accepted by many poor people as a boon, in place of a third-class practically undistinguishable from the second. C. B. MOUNT. In 1848, on the York and North Midland Railway (now North-Eastern), the third-class carriages covering of any kind, and passengers were accus-at least some of them-were without seats or tomed to take in their boxes, &c., in order to sit upon them. made up As a further contribution to the antiquities of railway travel, I note that some of the trains were above the last carriage, from which he applied his with a seat for the guard outside and brake. I remember being permitted to sit beside the guard on such a seat from York to Whitby, on which line at that time trains were drawn up and down an incline of about three miles, near Grosmont, by a stationary engine and wire rope. Lapworth. R. HUDSON. |