honour or social distinction to the grant; and, second, those recognized by the Act, conferring no honour or distinction, but used as artistic devices by persons disclaiming heraldic honours. Let us, for clearness sake, call the first " chartered armorial bearings," and the second "unchartered armorial bearings." Take the case of a man who cannot trace back to any grant availing himself of this Act, and bringing into use unchartered armorial bearings of a perfectly original design, or even the arms of a family of the same name, but differenced, as was anciently the custom, for strangers in blood by, let us say, a conspicuous common charge over all. I am surprised Burns is quoted against me, and of all his writings that the quotation should be taken from "A man's a man for a' that"! Are your correspondents aware that Burns himself assumed a coat of arms of his own designing? In the result he is found to have acted as men did before the heralds reversed the original use of devices, i. e., he by his own talent brought honour and repute to self-chosen armorial bearings, instead of buying a grant of honours :— The king can mak' a belted knight, But an honest man's aboon his might. Then let us pray that come it may, A. R. I. B. A. PARSON (7th S. x. 367, 432).—Nicholas Breton in 1607 seems to use parson in the sense of rector, and minister as meaning vicar or curate : Personally, I think this latter course would require much tact in carrying out, and should invariably be based on a friendly understanding between the parties; but I protest that no one could call such a man dishonest and say that he was acting illegally. I may safely say that if a man were to pay 767. 108. for chartered armorial bearings he could not prevent his neighbour using the very same arms provided the annual tax were paid, whereas a manufacturer of a special kind of lard could, as a trade mark, for a few pounds, "The Minister he murmures at the Parson, because he register an elaborate coat of arms, rigorously pro- hath the greatest profit from him; and the Parson tected by statute against infringement. It is murmures at the Parishe, that they come not to Church curious, and makes one wonder what the gentlemen to pay their duties to him; and the Parishe murmures who preside over England's heraldry were doing from him." A Murmurer,' p. 14 ("Chertsey Worthies at the Parson that they pay so much for so little paines to safeguard the interests and rights of the old Library "). science when the Act in question and the various trade and Merchandise Marks Acts were being passed. The latter, I believe, prohibit the royal arms only from being used as trade marks. In conclusion, the friends of our old English heraldry may pursue one of two courses: 1. Indulge, as in the past, in useless and often discourteous recriminations; 2. Co-operate in providing easy means to record and compare unchartered armorial bearings, that is to say, artistic personal devices (not being trade marks), to be used by people who have no wish to ape the honours or pay the cost of a herald's grant. MR. UDAL'S reply came to my notice after writing the above. His first objection is, I think, based on the word "authorizes." I should have written admits, or allows, arms not registered to be borne. If the members of both Houses of Parliament, the modern representatives of old English heraldry (if I may so call them), with the assent of the sovereign, who is the fountain of honour, pass a law admitting of "free trade" in armorial devices, I do not see that a man offends against the 66 canons of good taste and good breeding" by availing himself of the law; but if the offence could be proved, I ask, with MR. W. H. WHITMORE, of Boston, Can any one deny that the Government, which collects a tax from impostors, has assumed the greater portion of the disgrace?" T. LEWIS O. Davies. Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton. In the chancel at Marhamchurch, near Bude, Cornwall, there is a slab of Jasper Robinson, of Hygate, in the county of Middlesex." He is described as vicar of Marhamchurch, and parson of another place (? Stratton). I have not my note of the inscription to hand, but I clearly remember the evident use of "parson " as synonymous with rector, as opposed to vicar. Trinity College, Oxon. F. D. M. which being (freely) rendered in Greek characters and (freely) translated into English runs, "Napoleon is a lion, destroying as he goes cities and vineyards." There is another play on the name produced by writing the letters "Napoleon Empéreur," which held before a mirror reflect the figures of the plebescite for and against the election of the third Napoleon as Emperor of France. I do not remember the details. SIGMA. In the Duke of Wellington's despatch of the 19th June, 1815, describing the Battle of Waterloo, the Emperor is twice referred to as Bonaparte; but Blücher, in his official report on the same subject, styles him Napoleon. I think the above is a fair illustration that either name was in use at that period. C. A. PYNE. Sclater Minister of Pvtney for his Conversion to the Catholic Faith and Communion,' London, 1686, 4to. He did not for long maintain his change of religious faith, for Dr. Anthony Horneck put forth, in 1689, 'An Account of Mr. Edward Sclater's Return to the Communion of the Church of England; and of the Publick Recantation he made at the Church of St. Mary, Savoy, the 5th of May, 1689." In the brief account of Sclater found in Anth. à Wood, 'Athenæ Oxonienses,' ed. Bliss, vol. iv. p. 699, it is said that "he afterwards a letter to Archbishop Sancroft, now preserved in lived privately near Exeter house or change." In the Bodl. Lib. (Tanner MS. 290, ff. 227-8), he furnishes a short account of himself. A copy of James II.'s licence, dispensation, and pardon for Edward Sclater, dated May 3, 1686, is printed in Gutch's Collectanea,' vol. i. p. 290. DANIEL HIPWELL. 34, Myddelton Square, Clerkenwell. MEN OF MARSHAM (7th S. x. 189, 357, 454).There are two places called Mareham, near Horncastle, Lincolnshire." "Mareham-the-fen," sometimes written "Mareham-le-fen," adjoins Revesby, and forms part of the estate of Mr. NATURAL HISTORY: BIRDS OF A FEATHER Edward Stanhope, the Secretary for War. "Mare- (7th S. x. 469).-I am not sure about crows, but I ham-on-the-hill" adjoins Horncastle, and stands have seen, hundreds of times, large flocks of rooks, high and dry. The road is uphill all the way to starlings, and linnets feeding together, besides the village, which is on the Wolds." It is a flying considerable distances in company. A few pleasant walk, which I have been hundreds of years ago, immediately before a great snowstorm times. Your correspondents will scarcely contend in March, there was a most interesting sight in a that one village was originally called "Marsh-on-top-dressed field of grass, adjoining the Clyde in the-hill " and the other "Marsh-in-the-fen." Fuller gives the "Men of Mareham " as a Lincolnshire proverb. Boston, Lincolnshire. R. R. MERIC CASAUBON (7th S. x. 448).-Méric Casaubon's first wife, and the mother of most, if not all, of his children, was Frances, née Harrison. I should greatly like to learn whether any pedigree of the Casaubon family has been preserved, and is accessible. It must be a wide-spreading tree, Dr. Méric having, I believe, been one of twenty children. In default of this, may I ask whether any of your readers can tell when, if ever, his descendants in the male line became extinct? this neighbourhood. Rooks, lapwings, gulls, Helensburgh, N.B. are to be met with in little flocks Starlings " There is some reason for taking an Isaac Casaubon, during the summer in favourite meadows, where whom I find living in 1729, to have been his great-food is plentiful, associating with their old friends, grandson. (2) When did his son John, the the crows, rooks, and jackdaws" (Stanley's Canterbury surgeon, die, and whom did he marry? Familiar History of Birds,' 1854, p. 215). It is (3) When and where did his mother die? She a recognized fact in natural history. Consult the was still alive in 1620, her husband, the great H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE. Isaac Casaubon, having died, and received interment in Westminster Abbey in 1614. H. W. New University Club. SCLATER (7th S. x. 427).-Edward Sclater, admitted to St. John's College, Oxford, in 1640, then aged seventeen; B.A. July 6, 1644; M.A. February 1, 1647, "suffered for the royal cause, taught school, and at length became minister of Putney, in Surrey." He was the author, inter alia, of 'Consensvs Vetervm; or, the Reasons of Edward Field. 34, St. Petersburg Place, W. STEAM MERRY-GO-ROUNDS (7th S. x. 445).-On this point it may be noticed that Aug. 18, 1890, saw the royal assent given to the first statutory recognition given to these Well, I do not want to use bad language. Section 38 of the Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890 (53 & 54 Vict. c. 59), provides that an urban authority may make by-laws for the prevention of danger from whirligigs and swings when such whirligigs and swings are driven by steam power, and from the use of firearms in shooting ranges and galleries." Q. V. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (7th S. x. 369). Calm as thy sacred streams. divisions. In four chapters he treats his subject analytically, five chapters follow in which the method is progressively synthetic, and are in turn followed by three chapters dealing with the historical career of English prose. A concluding chapter supplies maxims and observations to "promote the culture and practice of English prose." As regards the philological or grammatical This is a translation from Virgil's First Eclogue, 11. 52 portion we have nothing but praise. So brightly, more -seqq. tion.' J. S. (7th S. x. 428.) Fold her, O Father, in thine arms, is by Whittier, but I have not the volume to refer to, (7th S. x. 469.) As in smooth oil, &c. There is a variant of this epigram, in the following form, in the Anthologia Oxoniensis,' headed Harmless Wit,' and there attributed to Young, the author of "Night Thoughts': As in smooth oil the razor best is whet, Exacuit molli cultrum sibi tonsor olivo; JOHN PICKFORd, M.A. The reference to this quotation is given in Bohn's Dictionary of Poetical Quotations,' 1867 (privately printed), s. v. “Wit," as Young's' Love of Fame,' ii. 153. R. G. MARSDEN. [MR. F. RULE replies to the same effect.] Miscellaneous. By NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. English Prose: its Elements, History, and Usage. John Earle, M.A. (Smith, Elder & Co.) PROF. EARLE, known to all scholars for his contributions to philology, has executed a task for which the nature and range of his studies render him eminently fitted. His work on English Prose' is to some extent a resumption of his former labours. He occupies, however, ground that is in a sense unexplored and even untrodden; he speaks with authority, and in most cases he carries the reader with him, A feeling of dubiety, and sometimes of antagonism, is aroused in the perusal of his concluding chapters. This, however, is inevitable, and means no more than that in matters of taste difference of opinion is to be expected. His work is in three romance. does the reverend professor write, that his matter over, is always interesting, and often stimulating. It is makes of the noble medium of expression he explains natural, perhaps, to inquire into the use that our teacher and defends, and it is in a spirit of admiration, and in no misuse of word or phrase. In his preface are not the vein of carping, we point out an occasional mistake or following words an instance of unhappy circumlocution such as he blames in others? "The retired tradesman in the play, when he began to be fired with literary ambition, discovered with surprise and delight that he had unwittingly been talking prose all his life." Surely it would be better and more correct to say, "M. Jourdain, in Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,' spoke prose without knowing it"! Prof. Earle employs one super flously, and is guilty of the heresy of saying (p. 153) of adverbs, "There are certain ones that hover on the verge of (p. 165) as a poetic placement, almost a cadence of When quoting from Carlyle he instances words, "What can murmurs and clamours, from Left or from Right, do to this man; like Teneriffe or Atlast unremoved?" ignoring that the last half of the sentence is poetry, being a quotation from Milton (Paradise Lost,' iv. 987). Further on, while asserting it is pedantic to say to which we do not assent-he accepts the phrase Whence do you come?" or "Whither are you going?" "from whence," which no use surely can justify. The professor, again, uses the words "a great historian like Mr. Freeman," when it is better to say 66 as Mr. Freeman." He introduces needlessly such words a great historian such as certainly, undoubtedly, and the like. Will he not, on reflection, admit that an ill" was aggravated by a morbid physical condition" is more virile as well as more euphonious than was "aggravated certainly by a morbid physical condition"? In every case the italics are our own. Nothing is further from our thoughts than to disparage the professor, who has written an admirable and an eminent book. It may be that he can vindicate some of man, from Swift to Ruskin, is an unerring master of the the expressions to which we have taken exception. No noble instrument which all English writers employ, and there are few who may not benefit by suggestion from without. One protest, at least, we definitely lodge. The man who says "The law is bad" gives a terse English phrase. He who says "The law is a bad one master the first condition of vigorous English. Into the has to questions of the honours and awards dispensed by Prof. Earle we will not enter. At issue with him on some acknowledge our indebtedness to him for much important points, we agree with him on many, and are glad to scientiousness of judgment, and grace of style. information conveyed with quickness of insight, con The Exempla; or, Illustrations from the Sermones similar works, and have confined themselves to the 'Sermones Vulgares' and the curious apologues which they furnish. A collection of these now published is an important contribution to folk-lore. Like all medieval and some subsequent scourgers of iniquity, Jacques de Vitry is naïve and realistic. He writes in Latin, however, and his freedom of speech will cause few blushes and raise little indignation. Most of the fables and stories he tells are to be found elsewhere, and some of them were reprinted so long ago as 1842, when they were included by Thomas Wright in his Latin Tales,' edited for the Percy Society. In their present shape they have permanent interest. Prof. Crane was one of the first in England or America to recognize the value of mediæval sermons in preserving stories and folk-lore, In France attention was drawn to the subject by Peignot, who, however, lived long before research became systematic. In these days the full significance of the subject is recognized, and light is poured upon it from all quarters.. The 314 exempla, accordingly, are all analyzed, their various forms are traced, and all known variants are supplied. Even more valuable than are the notes is the introduction, in which the history of moralized stories is for the first time given to the world. Their influence upon subsequent literature in Spain, Italy, France, and England, down to the facetiæ of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, is traced, and the whole constitutes a most scholarly and valuable performance. Jacques de Vitry speaks from hearsay, and there are few of his stories wherein the word audivi does not appear early in the sentence. Occasionally, however, and not in the least extravagant stories, novi is substituted. One of the exempla thus introduced tells of the treatment of a leper by a noble lady in a fashion which is scarcely to be recommended to general imitation. The entire collection has singular interest, and the book is one which folk-lorists will hug to their hearts. Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden_Time. By Sir Daniel Wilson, LL.D. Vol. I. Part I. (Edinburgh, A. & C. Black.) A NEW and greatly enlarged edition of Sir Daniel Wilson's 'Memorials of Edinburgh' has been begun by Messrs. Black under the supervision of the author. A lamentable and discreditable tale is told in the preface of the manner in which the first edition, published fifty years ago, has been used. The author has, however, the laugh over those who have followed blindly his lead, accepting his conjectures as facts and his ballads as antiques. The work will be in two volumes, the first part of the first volume carrying the history to the battle of Flodden. Many of the buildings graphically described by pen and pencil are rapidly disappearing, and the interest of the work, in which the illustrations prove an important feature, will thus augment. Gustavus Adolphus and the Struggle of Protestantism for Existence. By C. R. I. Fletcher, M.A. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) MR. FLETCHER'S account of the national hero of Sweden forms the second volume of the new series of "Heroes of the Nations." Though the contemporary literature of the Thirty Years' War is very voluminous, an exhaustive history of that great struggle still remains to be written. Moreover until the archives of Stockholm have been ransacked by Prof. Anton Gindely the historical student will do well to reserve his judgment upon the much discussed character of Gustavus Adolphus. By some writers he has been denounced as a hypocrite, and by others deified as a hero. Considering the title of the series, it is hardly necessary to add that in Mr. Fletcher's eyes Gustavus Adolphus is a hero. Mr. Fletcher, however, makes no pretension to original research, and does not even claim to have read all the modern authorities on the subject. He confesses to a complete ignorance of military matters, and contents himself by putting in an ingenious plea that he is probably not much more ignorant of the art than the majority " of his "readers are likely to be." We have grave doubts whether books written under such circumstances are worth printing; but that is, perhaps, more a question for the publishers than for ourselves to decide. They, at least, have spared no pains in the production of the book. The type and the paper are of the best, while the illustrations are both numerous and excellent. A SUPPLEMENTARY volume to the 'Catalogue of Printed Books in the Library of Lincoln's Inn' has been compiled by Mr. John Nicholson, the librarian, and issued by the Honourable Society. It contains the additions that have been made from 1859 to 1890. The Catalogue itself, scientifically arranged, occupies close upon four hundred pages, and is followed by an largely, but not exclusively, historical and legal, and the eminently serviceable index of subjects. The books are Catalogue leaves nothing to be desired in the way of arrangement. THE edition of the Collected Sermons of Thomas Fuller, D.D., 1631-1659,' begun by the late Mr. J. E. Bailey, has been completed by Mr. W. E. A. Axon, and will be published in a limited subscription edition by Messrs. Pickering & Chatto, of the Haymarket. It has a worthy parentage, and can scarcely fail of popularity. 'RECORDS AND REGISTERS OF PRESTON PARISH CHURCH,' by Mr. Tom C. Smith, will be published by subscription by Mr. Whitehead, of Fishergate, Preston. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices : ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondentsmust observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate.' NEWBURY ("Esquire: Yeoman: Gentleman ").-Congult Indexes to N. & Q.'-those especially to the Fifth Series. AGE ("Grammars").-Mätzner's Grammar' is among the best. Write to Messrs. Bell & Sons or Messrs. Longmans for an educational catalogue. C. F. C.-B. ("There is an acre").-With implied alteration, the poem is evidently unfit for publication. CORRIGENDUM.-P. 414, col. 1, 1. 8, for "Blount " read Bland. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor of 'Notes and Queries -Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher"-at the Office, 22, Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. Queries, with No. 265, Jan. 24, 1891.. INDEX. SEVENTH SERIES.-VOL. X. [For classified articles, see ANONYMOUS WORKS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED, EPIGRAMS, EPITAPHS, A. (H. S.) on Quintin Craufurd, 268 A. (J.) on Pleshey Castle, 68 A. (K. A.) on Icelandic measurement, 167 Angels' visits, few and far between," 346, 396 Abelard (Peter), translations of the Letters,' 187, 255 Anglesey election, 194 Abutilon, its etymology, 426 Academy, its pronunciation, 105, 232 Ad Libram on Englandic, 155 Head-letters, German and English, 188 Adams family, 428 Adams (W. E.) on 'Plaint of Freedom,' 357, 474 Adjectives used as substantives, 98 'Adventures of Young John Bull,' a poem, 47 Anglo-French, works on, 98 Anglo-Saxon Office in MS., 447 Angus (G.) on Sir Thomas Browne, 328 Pewter plate, 498 St. Bernard, his hymn for the dying, 313 Animals, their protection from cruelty, 168, 275 Africa, its modern political history, 348, 378, 415, 430 Annaghdown, ancient Irish see, 503 After, use of the word, 205, 332 Ainsty, its derivation, 68, 194, 312, 392 Ainsworth (William Harrison), 'Letters in Verse,' 36 Albatross, a bird of fables, 58 Alcinous, description of his gardens in the 'Odyssey,' Aldrich (Henry), divine and scholar, 166 Aldworth (Hon. Mrs.), the only female Freemason, 12 Allison (J. W.) on door unfastened at death, 433 Allot (Robert), England's Parnassus,' 118, 198, 318 Almanac, 'Poor Richard's,' 228 Alpha, pseudonym, 97 Alpha on Bishop Bossuet, 374 Dupont (James), D.D., 407 Forgeries, literary, 472 Marriage, late, 106 Rainham, its "little brown lady," 412 Alphabet in church, 346 Alpinula (Julia), epitaph, 148, 249 Amber found in England, 286, 415 American historical societies, 105, 355 American Secretaries, 65 Americanisms, 52, 191, 336, 456 Amice, its etymology, 405 Amusements in 1762, 466 Anderson (P. J.) on William Meston, 21 Anon, on American historical societies, 105 Elginbrod (David), his epitaph, 486 Fieschi family, 448 Manor, oldest in England, 229 Miles knight, 93 Napoleon I., 468 Paul (Sir John Dean), 313 Pope (A.), lines from, 147 Religion, derivation of the word, 465 'Visit to Flanders,' 408 Vulcan, a Christian name, Anonymous Works :- Alton Park, 309, 436 Boy of Bilson, 309 126 Critica Novazealandica Futura, 107, 198, 373 Dialogue of the Dead, 267 Faction Detected, 306 Faction Displayed, 365 Fourbe Puni; ou, le Duel des Rivales, 26 Guide to a Trade, 66 Hiram; or, Grand Master-Key to the Door of I and my Two Maiden Aunts, 309 Joachin and Boaz, 309 Lama Sabacthana, 309 Late Apology in Behalf of the Papists Reprinted and Answered, 267 Library of Entertaining Knowledge, 67 Memoirs of a Working Man, 66 Menageries, The, 67 Note-Book of an Oxonian, 30o |