OFFICE, 22, TOOK'S COURT, CHANCERY LANE, E.C.
BY JOHN C. FRANCIS.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1890.
NOTES:-Dukedom of Clarence, 1-The 'New English Dic-
tionary'- Archæology, 3-List of Jacobite Noblemen-
Curious Notices-National Flowers-Eton Swishing Block-
Shakspeare Allusion-Benbow Family-Hungary Water, 4-
Superstition in Mansfield-Wellington-Waterloo-Restora-
tion of a Parish Register, 5-Inscription to K. Alfred-The
Commonwealth Flag-Climate in Iceland-Prepense, 6-
Arrow Throwing-Folk-lore, 7.
QUERIES:-Whalley-Sermon Wanted-Lybe, 7-Highgate
-Wider Horizons' - Chaworth - Pedigrees-Digby-The
Gardens of Alcinous-Byron-Emma Tatham-Maori War
Hassell-Game Poets-St. Patrick-"Welsh
of 1865-Bible Family Records, Pollusion in De Quinwelsh
Rabbit"-Spurs-Christopher North's Arithmetic-Authors
REPLIES:-Voice, 10-Churches of Brixworth and Balking-
Keats-Errors of Printers and Authors, 11-Female Free-
mason-The Curtsey-Betula, 12-Troyllesbaston-G. Cruik-
shank's Works-Spy Wednesday - Lioness and Lying-in
he is said to have encountered a riot or rebel-
lion, and to have been seriously wounded.
1411 we meet with him in London in a less
dignified position :-
"Upon the Eve of S. John the Baptist Thomas and
John, the King's sons, being at Eastchepe in London, at
supper, after midnight, a great debate happened between
their men and the men of the Court, lasting an hour, till
the mayor and the sheriffs with other citizens, ceased
the same."-Stow, 'Annales,' 1411.
There are other references to his gay and riotous
living in the 'London Chronicle,' edited by Sir
Harris Nicolas in 1827. Yet this was probably
exceptional; he could not have been altogether
ill-disposed and unruly, or he would not have
been made President of the Council by his father
in the room of the Prince of Wales when the latter
was so disrespectful to Judge Gascoigne. To this
Women-Couplet from Pope - Tobacconist, 13-Spalding- Shakespeare makes allusion in '1 Henry IV.,' III.
holme-"Good, bad, or indifferent"-The Crown of Ireland
- Beeston Castle - Chart - Senegambian Folk-lore, 14 - ii. :-
Clephane - Metrical History of England - Genealogical-
Milton's Bones-" My Father's at the Helm"-Princess
Elizabeth Stuart-Ironmonger, 15-Silver Box-The Lud-
dites - English and Italian Pronunciation - Mistakes in
Books of Reference, 16 - Mrs. Jordan-Charles Swain
Milton's Poetic Theory, 17-College Admission Register-
Detached Bell Towers - Weepers - Watered Silk-Gray's
NOTES ON BOOKS:- Dictionary of National Biography,'
Vol. XXIII.-'Western Law Times.'
Notices to Correspondents.
THE DUKEDOM OF CLARENCE.
(Continued from 7th S. ix. 483.)
The second creation was made by Henry IV.
in favour of his second son, Thomas, in 1412.
He could trace no descent from the first duke,
and this was an entirely new creation. It is
not known where or when this prince was born;
his father was then only Earl of Derby, with no
prospect of occupying the throne. The latter
became king in 1399, and Thomas, like his pre-
decessor in the title, was made Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland at the commencement of the reign.
He was then scarcely more than eighteen years
old. The sister island was in its customary con-
dition of lawlessness and turmoil. The Irish
annals tell us that "Thomas, the son of the
King of the Saxons, came to Erin; that he
took the Earl of Kildare prisoner, and that
Hitsin Tuite with great loss was slain." It is
difficult to see why the "loyal Earl of Kildare"
was arrested; he had been fighting against the
rebellious Irish, and was on his way to con-
gratulate the new viceroy at Carlingford when
he was seized and taken prisoner. The annals
further tell us that in 1409 "the King of the
Saxons was seized with leprosy, and that Thomas
of Lancaster left Ireland in consequence, having
liberated the Earl of Kildare." While in Ireland
Thy place in council thou hast rudely!
Which by thy younger brother is supped.
He presided at the Council held at Southampton
in 1415 when the Earl of Cambridge, Lord Scrope
of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey were condemned
to death for high treason. He was created Duke
of Clarence, Earl of Albemarle, and K.G. July 9,
1412, at a Council held at Rotherhithe, at which
his elder brother, Henry, Prince of Wales, was
not present. Most of the chroniclers hint at a
suspicion of rivalry between the brothers, in con-
sequence of the preferment of the younger, and to
this Shakespeare seems to allude in '2 Henry IV.,'
IV. iv. The King addresses his son thus :-
How chance thou art not with the prince, thy brother?
He loves thee, and thou dost neglect him, Thomas;
Thou hast a better place in his affections
Than all thy brothers; cherish it my boy,
And noble offices thou mayest effect
Of mediation, after I am dead,
Between his greatness and thy other brethren.
No necessity for such mediation seems to have
arisen. Clarence, Bedford, and Gloucester are
always found acting in concert with Henry, both
while Prince of Wales and after his accession. Το
Clarence were pawned the King's jewels when he
invaded France :-
"To Thomas, Duke of Clarence, 12 July, 1415, as
security for what might be due to him and to his
retinue, according to certain indentures, the Crown
Henry."
In 1412 the duke was sent by his father into
France to help the Duke of Burgundy; sailing from
Southampton with fourteen ships he landed at "St.
Fasters, in Normandy." The expedition came to
nothing, but not until the English had committed
many depredations, as if in an enemy's country.
Indeed, Clarence boasted that he had come for the
very purpose of winning back Aquitaine for the
English crown; he laid waste Maine and Tou-
raine, and attempted further conquests. Eventu-
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