whence the North and South latitudes are measured. The distance, as already stated, is thirty degrees on either side of the Equator, thus forming by the laws of Nature a perpetual East-Wind encircling one hemisphere (and a West-Wind the other), and spreading to the width of 3600 miles around the entire Globe!

This fact enables us to elucidate a portion of Scripture having reference to the celebrated Passage of the Red Sea by the Israelites, which will be investigated in the next volume.

The principle of nature established in its law of attracting air even towards a partial vacuum, be it created by natural or artificial means of heat (for the quality of the result is the same) has been shewn to prove, that the Earth revolving one way, (West to East) and the current of air rushing another, having the Sun as its source of attraction, must of a necessity produce the constant East-Wind. This secret of Nature instantly unfolds why the great Ocean on the Western coast of America is truly named Pacific, when compared to the tempests of the Atlantic. As thus: the hot sands of Africa for man adjunct power to the Sun in creating an increased yet partial vacuum,— the winds, therefore, are attracted with doubled quantity on Africa,—thence the Simooms; but being compelled by Nature's law to follow (as it were) to the Sun, the quantity consequently drawn from Africa to its immediate neighbour, the Atlantic, is in the ratio of acquisition at the original source, Africa; but when on the Atlantic, the waters-not possessing the sand

heat, and thence losing the concentration-disperse the mass of storm-winds, and they pass over the Atlantic, gradually losing their force as they are removed from Africa; and in crossing over the American Continent, having no longer the hot sands to regenerate the increased vacuum, the East-Wind reaches the great Ocean truly in a Pacific state; and so continues around the Globe, until it comes within the influence of the furnace sands, when it again commences its impetuous course, and thence on to the Atlantic. The namePacific Ocean, was given from an absolute truth-an effect,—not from an analysis of the cause,—we humbly submit that the latter is now produced.

Upon the same principle, the burning sands of Arabia, which are unendurable during the day, owing to the excessive heat contained,-possess at night the cool and reviving air;-it does not so much pass over the desert (in the absence of the Sun) as it is actually drawn down vertically upon the sands, like an avalanche;-for the cold air of the upper region, upon feeling the effects, and attraction of the substratum of heat, must follow the established principle,-as, also, the greater weight of the cold air follows the law of gravitation.

Pursuing this reasoning upon effect from cause, (and without which we cannot advance in wisdom) the following singular result must not only be apparent, but actually would be obtained,-viz., A Cloud surcharged with rain, and at a low distance from the Earth, and on a calm day, could be compelled to restore its stolen treasure, without waiting for its own period of honesty! This could be done by artificial

means, yet the living cause would be that of Nature and her laws, viz., by heat. As thus,-if beneath that Rain-Cloud should be erected combustible matter covering a large extent; and upon being ignited the gathered heat should reach that cloud, as a necessity, the heavier cold air within, and around, that mass of vapour, would descend towards the partial vacuum occasioned by the heat,-with more or less speed according to the intensity,-and thence discharge the accumulated particles of rain upon the flame!

In following out the above train of reasoning, another secret is unveiled,—viz., During the dreadful Conflagrations of Cities and Capitals,—of Forests or Prairies,—it is almost invariably recorded, that the light wind increased to a breeze,—from that to a gale, or hurricane, and perhaps from a friendly quarter, or that the Rain descended in torrents, and so Providentially extinguished the fierce fury of the flaming element :-in both these cases they were indeed Providential, for they were based upon the undeviating laws of cause and effect, of GOD and Nature! By thus tracing the second principle (for it has its own results) to the first, how much is Religious veneration increased, when reflecting upon The Great Cause of the entire Universe!-The effects then appear but as the sparkling atoms of His ever brilliant Glory,—and the myriad of Worlds the mere witnesses of His infinite Power!

We have digressed,-we were never yet upon a happy path, or pursuit, that we did not wish to

follow it out,-for true happiness is found only in the walks of wisdom.

It may perhaps be proper to state, that the Orient Gale is mentioned in various parts of Scripture, and especially by the following inspired writers,-viz., MOSES [Exodus x. 13.-xiv. 21.] DAVID [Psalms xlviii. 7.] HOSEA [xiii. 15.] JEREMIAH [xviii. 17.] and by EZEKIEL [xvii. 10.—xix. 12.—xxvii. 26.]

The great miracles of the plague of Locusts,—and the Passage of the Red Sea, were both carried into effect by the instrumentality of this celebrated Wind.

"And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an East-wind upon the land all that day, and all that night: and when it was morning the East-wind brought the locusts."

"And Moses stretched out his hand over the Sea : and the LORD caused the Sea to go back by a strong East-wind all that night, and made the Sea dry land, and the waters were divided."

"Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an Eastwind."

"Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an East-wind shall come, the wind of the LORD shall come up from the wilderness, and his spring shall become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up: he shall spoil the treasure of all pleasant vessels."

"I will scatter them as with an East-wind before the enemy: I will shew the back and not the face, in the day of their calamity."

"Yea, behold, being planted shall it prosper? Shall it not utterly wither when the East-wind toucheth it? It shall wither in the furrows where it grew."

"But she was plucked up in fury, she was cast down to the ground, and the East-wind dried up her fruit: her strong rods were broken and withered, the fire consumed them."

Another quotation from EZEKIEL is reserved for the next Section, to illustrate the Expedition.

In the Book of JONAH, the very cause of the EastWind (i. e. heat) is given by the Prophet of Nineveh, -not given as an explanation, but as an attendant fact, -after 2700 years Science gives the former, by an application of the fact, and thus establishes another proof of the truth of Scriptural record.

"And it came to pass, when the Sun did arise, that GOD prepared a vehement East-wind: and the Sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live." [iv. 8.]

Presuming that this branch of our subject has been sufficiently explained,—a slight review of the Tyrian vessels will be required, for the purpose of ascertaining whether they were of sufficient size and strength to endure this voyage around the Continent of Africa; and at a later period to cross the Atlantic Ocean. One examination will answer for both questions.

The Tyrians had two species of large vessels. The earliest were the Gauli, so called from being nearly round, and used for coasting purposes, between Tyrus and the neighbouring ports,-this species of Galley had