A convincing catalogue of Analogies was then produced, establishing direct identity between the ancient Tyrians and Mexicans; even as to the manner of disposing of the dead, as illustrated in the discovered Mummies of the two Nations: to which proofs were added the historical traditions of the Aborigines as to where they came from,-viz., " the East:"-the place where they first landed,-viz., " first touched at Florida," &c.; and the period of their arrival,-viz., "before the Christian Era." Mr. Stephens's second visit to Yucatan was alluded to, and it was shewn that the additional discoveries did not only not oppose this History, but on the contrary actually supported it. In support of their own assertions of having reached the Continent by means of Navigation, it was then stated, upon the authority of the Spanish historian, Sahagun, that they produced to Cortez, Maps and Charts of the Bay of Honduras; and so accurate were they from ancient times, that the Spanish Conqueror was saved from wreck, during a perilous voyage in those Seas, by following their direction.

The remains of an ancient Galley were mentioned as having been found, deeply imbedded in the sands of the eastern, or Atlantic shore, of South America; and this was given upon good authority.

These facts, analogies, and traditions, naturally turned the mind to a Nation, having the " means and appliances" to reach the Western Hemisphere at so early a period as that contemplated by the antiquity of the

Ruins, or the ancient days in which the traditions originated; and having already established the builders, from the Architecture and Analogies, to be Tyrian, it was with singular pleasure when we found that the Nautical investigation enabled-it compelled us—to arrive at the same conclusion.

Tyrus, therefore, being as it were the Founder of Ancient America, called for her antecedent history:commencing with a review of the Phoenician nations generally, we proceeded to give the history of the chief events of Tyrus,-analyzing the romance and spirit of the Tyrian People; unfolding her ill-directed commercial policy and monopoly-tracing her rise and fall to their causes, and thus removed the wonder created by contemplating the terrible but certain effects. This we humbly consider is the only true philosophy of History. As we dwelt upon the reign of Hiram the Great with that pleasure arising from delineating the blessings of Peace and the progress of the Arts; so were we elaborate in our description of the Siege and Fall of Tyrus, through the invasion by Alexander of Macedon, that the horrors and curses of War, and the destruction of civilization, should be the more forcibly estimated by contrast; that Invaders or Conquerors should receive the scorn and curse they deserve, and Patriots and Peace-Makers the praise and blessings they merit, and must receive from GOD and Man! Our history of the Tyrian Nation is indeed but a picture of the past; yet we shall dare hope that it contains no

useless record, but that in each event delineated, may be seen the secret lesson for the present and the future!

In Chapter VI. (Vol. i., Book ii.) was investigated, the first circumnavigation of the African Continent by the Tyrians, and we respectfully submit, that it was established to have been accomplished, and that the Fortunate Isles were discovered during that voyage. The "means" possessed at that time for such an exposition, or any other, were detailed; as also, especially, the causes, effects, and locality of the East-Wind of Scriptural language, and its influences in propelling or opposing vessels to, or from, the Western Continent.

Having identified the builders of the ancient Cities (from the Architecture, Analogies, and Traditions) to have been Tyrians, it followed as a necessity for the commencement of the History of Ancient America that we must establish the year in which those Tyrians landed,- still having regard to the antiquity of the Ruins. That the migration to the Western Hemisphere was not undertaken by the Nation of Tyrus in its days. of prosperity was, and is, conclusively established by the fact that the voyagers never returned to announce the accomplishment of the expedition, as they would have done had they been sent by the King or Nation, as in the case of the Voyage around Africa. If it had been a National expedition, and they had under that authority discovered the Western Continent, they must have returned to Tyrus,-for the absence of the fair portion of our race would prevent their remaining,—

or if they did remain, arguments in reference to descendants could not be advanced, and therefore an useless hypothesis in regard to the present history. Since then the Tyrians did not reach the Western Continent during the period of their national prosperity,-that fact pointed at once to an era when decay or desolation had the ascendancy, and this did not exist until their last doom and fall, when fire and sword felled the nation as an Island-Tree-to the earth,-a few leaves only were rescued by a friendly gale, and thus escaped the conflagration! That last day of Tyrus we distinctly pointed out, and from undisputed history, to have been the 20th of August, 332 years before Christ, which date is not opposed by the character of the Ruins, or the traditions of the Aborigines, but supported by both.

It was then pointed out that the "remnant" saved by the Sidonians could nowhere land upon the shores of the Mediterranean, from the natural fear of Alexander's continued vengeance; and the "remnant," or their descendants, cannot be traced in Europe, Asia, or Africa,—except upon the Isle of Teneriffe,-as evidenced by the discovery of the Mummies,—the identity between them and those in Peru, we mentioned, formed at once a connecting chain across the Atlantic. The Fortunate Isles discovered by their ancestors were their only refuge immediately after the desolation of their country,—and being there, the fears of pursuit would naturally possess them. With means furnished by the Sidonians, it was submitted that freedom was

assured to them; for, upon leaving the Island of the snow-crowned Peak, their knowledge of Astronomy, and the power of the Rowers would aid their voyage,— but apart from those powerful adjuncts, it was proved that the constant East-Wind would waft them Westward, and with their double-rudders lashed amidships, their Galleys must "touch at Florida," on a direct line from Teneriffe, and within the changes of a moon,— thence the voyage could not be of that duration to compel return from the want of the means of sustenance.

In the translation of the Sculpture of the Chief Altar at Copan, it was shewn that the magic Art had portrayed the identical act of friendship leading to the safety of the Tyrians; and their Nation is perfectly illustrated by the accessories upon the Altar,—and having translated the Sculpture, we maintained (in humble submission to the opinion of others) that the definition. of the hieroglyphics on the surface of the Altar was also arrived at,-upon the admitted ground of argument that one but illustrated the other.

We have reserved a strong conclusive proof of the correctness of the date assigned for the Migration until this time, and although not necessary for evidence, yet it will (we believe) not fail to have its due effect upon the critic. We will illustrate this proof in brief chronological order: viz.—

606 B. C.]

Voyage around the continent of Africa by the Tyrians.

585 B. c.] Commencement of the first Siege of Tyrus;

C.