her back; she did not like this liberty, but soon became reconciled to it. A small cord was put round her neck, for the driver to put his feet in; and seating himself on her neck in the usual manner, he drove her about like the other tame elephants.

In the month of June, 1787, a male elephant which had been taken the year before, when travelling in company with some others towards Chittigong, and laden with baggage, came upon the track of a tiger; he took fright and ran off into the woods, in spite of all the efforts of his driver, who only saved himself by clinging to the branch of a tree under which he was passing, and the elephant got clear off. Eighteen months afterwards he was seen in a herd of others, and recognised by one of the drivers; but he cunningly appeared as wild and outrageous as the others. An old hunter boldly rode up to him on a tame elephant, and pulling him by the ear, sternly commanded him to lie down; taken by surprise, and from the instinct of former habit, he instantly obeyed the word of command.

One more instance :-A female elephant belonging to a gentleman at Calcutta, was sent to Chotygone, but broke loose from her keeper, and was lost in the woods. The keeper's excuses were not believed; it was supposed that he had sold the animal. His wife and family were, therefore, sold for slaves, and he himself was condemned to work on the roads. Such is Jeddart justice in India. About twelve years afterwards, this man was ordered to assist in catching wild elephants; and on one occasion he fancied that he saw his old runaway friend in a group that had been entrapped. His thoughts of his wife and children in slavery nerved his heart, and he determined to ascertain whether or not he was the deserter that had caused all his misfortunes; no persuasions of his fellows nor representations of his danger could prevent his walking boldly up to her. To his astonishment she knew him; gave him three salutes by waving her trunk in the air; and kneeling down, received him on her back; besides, she assisted in securing the wild elephants that were in her company; and, moreover, she brought three young elephants with her, which she had produced during her absence. The keeper recovered his character; and, as a recompense for his sufferings and intrepidity, an annuity

for life was settled on him; but we hear nothing of his wife and children, of whom he had been deprived.

The tame elephant becomes the most gentle and obedient of all domestic animals. He soon learns to comprehend signs, and to understand the expression of sounds. He can distinguish the tones of command, of anger, or of approbation; and he regulates his actions accordingly. He receives his keeper's orders with attention, and executes them with alacrity; but without any degree of precipitation, for his movements are always measured, and his character seems to partake of the gravity of his bulk. His food, generally, is boiled rice mixed with water, of which he requires daily about a hundred weight, besides some green herbage; and he requires to bathe daily, which he does by sucking up the water in his trunk, and by elevating it, he allows the water to run over every part of his body.

The tame elephant will perform more work than six horses; and all the tuns, sacks, and bales in India are transported from one place to another by these useful animals, on their bodies, necks, and mouths, by a rope which they hold by their teeth; and, combining sagacity with strength, they never break or injure anything that has been committed to their charge. From the banks of rivers they put goods into boats without wetting them, lay them down gently, and arrange them properly. They try with their trunks whether the goods are properly stowed, and if a cask rolls, they will, of their own accord, fetch a stone to render it steady. A Mons. Phillipe once saw some elephants assisting in the building of a large ship in the river at Goa. Some men fixed a rope to the end of heavy beams in the area where the timbers were collected, which was handed to the elephant, who put it in his mouth, and twisted it round his trunk; he then drew the beam without any conductor to the place where the ship was building; and when other beams obstructed the road, he elevated the end of his own beam so as it slid easily over the obstruction.

In a battle a young elephant received a violent wound in his head, which rendered him so frantic and ungovernable, that the wound could not be dressed; but the man who had the charge of him hit upon an expedient. By a few words and signs he made the animal's mother comprehend the state

of the case; when she seized her young one with her trunk, and held him firmly, though groaning with agony, till the surgeon completely dressed the wound; and she continued to perform this service till her son was perfectly cured.

Elephants are susceptible of the tenderest attachment for each other, as the following account will shew:-A male and a female Ceylonese elephant were presented to the Stadtholder of Holland, in 1786; but after the conquest by the French, they were separated for the purpose of being conveyed to Paris, where a spacious hall was prepared for them in the Jardin des Plantes, divided into two apartments communicating together by a large door. The two friends had not seen each other for several months; their joy at meeting was unbounded; they rushed towards each other, and expressed cries of joy so loud and animated as to shake the whole building; they breathed through their trunks with such violence as to resemble an impetuous gust of wind. But the female's joy was the most lively; which she expressed by flapping her ears with astonishing velocity; and she drew her trunk over his body with the utmost tenderness; particularly applying it to his ear where she kept it a long time; and after having drawn it over his whole body, she often moved it affectionately towards her own mouth. The male did the same things over the body of the female; but his joy was more subdued and steady, and he seemed to express his affection more by tears, which fell from his eyes in abundance. They were allowed to occupy the same apartment; and their mutual tenderness and affection excited the admiration of all their visitors.

Elephants are extremely susceptible of the power of music, and some curious experiments of the power of music were made on them some years ago at Paris. A band of music was stationed in a gallery extending round the upper part of the stalls in which two elephants were kept. A perfect silence was procured; some favourite provisions were given them to engage their attention; and then the music struck up. It no sooner struck their ears, than they ceased eating, and turned in surprise to ascertain whence the sounds proceeded. At the sight of the orchestra and the assembled spectators, they discovered considerable alarm; but their fears were soon overpowered by the music, and all other

emotions became completely absorbed in attention to it. Bold and wildly expressive music excited in them turbulent agitations, expressive either of violent joy, or of rising fury; a soft air evidently soothed them to gentle and tender emotions, whilst a gay and lively air moved the female especially, to demonstrations of lively sportive sensibility.

Anecdotes of this noble animal might be produced sufficient to fill a volume; but we cannot afford space for more than we have here selected out of a multitude. In many of the Eastern countries they are regarded as the living embodiment of their former emperors; because many of the Indians believe in the transmigration of souls; and they are persuaded that an animal so majestic and so sagacious must be animated by the soul of some ancient king or other great man. In consequence, some of the Eastern potentates lodge their elephants in splendid palaces; appoint a multitude of attendants to wait on them; clothe them in magnificent trappings; and serve them with the choicest food in vessels of gold and silver, preceded at feeding time, by trumpets and drums.

DR. CAHILL'S MISREPRESENTATIONS.

It is curious and instructive, that the revilers of revelation, and of the restoration of Christianity in this country, are also habitual perverters and falsifiers of facts the best ascertained in our history. They are commonly Roman Catholic clergymen, who take the pains to convince Englishmen that their moral turpitude is innate and incurable. As examples of this kind we need not go so far back as Cardinals POLE and ALLEN, R. PARSONS, SAUNDERS, and Bishop BAINES, for within memory we had Dr. MILNER, Dr. LINGARD, and a layman named ANDREWS; and now we have Drs. CULLEN and M'HALE distorting criminal statistics, and Dr. CAHILL repeating the lying inventions of their party, to blight the mother of Queen ELIZABETH, with the monstrous fiction that she was guilty of incest with her own father. Suppose this charge, which was fabricated by SAUNDERS and ALLEN, in order to raise a rebellion in England, to be true; they were neither of them

Protestants. TYNDALE's translation had not then appeared, and the fact is, that the Bible was then as much a sealed book as it is at present among Roman Catholics. Far from being a Protestant, HENRY VIII. was a fierce persecutor of the Reformers, condemning to be burnt to death all who denied the real presence. On his death-bed he had an altar erected in the sick-room, confessed, was absolved, received extreme unction, prayed to an image of the Virgin, and left money for masses to deliver his soul out of purgatory. If, then, he was guilty of a variety of abominable crimes, he certainly was not corrupted by Protestant example and instructions. Even Dr. LINGARD does not dare to contradict these strong evidences of Romanism. All history concurs in representing HENRY as a very bold and bad prince; but he was no worse than the Popes and Cardinals of that age. It is not his marriage with the daughter of the virtuous Sir THOMAS BOLEYN, the friend of ERASMUS, that provoked the ire of Rome-his capital offence was destroying Papal usurpation in England; and in denying the POPE's pretended supremacy, he merely、 asserted a principle of the Constitution, which is acknowledged in Magna Charta, and is formally stated by BRACTON, the Chief Justice of HENRY III.

As most strenous efforts are making to Romanise England, and as in Oxford many may be considered to have fairly gone over to the enemy to increase them; a Protestant may draw a very useful lesson from the wilful falsehoods and scurrility of Roman Catholic clergymen, of whom Dr. CAHILL is a remarkable type. He may ask what good he can expect to receive from the religious teaching of men who can distort the truths of a history so well and so widely known as that of England? Not the faintest reliance can be placed on their words when preaching, declaiming, or writing on sacred subjects. A prudent man on witnessing their contempt of veracity in one thing will naturally expect the same odious vice in matters of the greatest importance, and so far from turning Romeward, he he will take care to go in the opposite direction.

Although Dr. LINGARD highly colours the charges against ANNE BOLEYN, he actually quotes a dispensation from the POPE himself for HENRY'S marriage; so that, if there were any incest or other crime in this union, the POPE shared with the culprits in the guilt and infamy. He quotes the important