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confide in the ability of myself, aided by Judge Nelson, to determine upon the credibility of my informant.

I think no candid man, who will read over what I have written, and considers for a moment what is going on at Sumter, but will agree that the equivocating conduct of the Administration, as measured and interpreted in connection with these promises, is the proximate cause of the great calamity.

I have a profound conviction that the telegrams of the 8th of April, of General Beauregard, and of the 10th of April, of General Walker, the Secretary of War, can be referred to nothing else than their belief that there has been systematic duplicity practiced on them through me. It is under an impressive sense of the weight of this responsibility that I submit to you these things for your explanation.

(Signed)

Very respectfully,

JOHN A. CAMPBELL, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, United States.

Hon. WILLIAM H SEWARD, Secretary of State.

Judge Campbell to Mr. Secretary Seward.

WASHINGTON, April 20, 1861.

SIR: I inclose you a letter, corresponding very nearly with one I addressed to you one week ago (April 13th), to which I have not had any reply. The letter is simply one of inquiry in reference to facts concerning which, I think, I am entitled to an explanation. I have not adopted any opinion in reference to them which may not be modified by explanation; nor have I affirmed in that letter, nor do I in this, any conclusion of my own unfavorable to your integrity in the whole transaction. All that I have said and mean to say is, that an explanation is due from you to myself. I will not say what I shall do in case this request is not complied with, but I am justified in saying that I shall feel at liberty to place these letters before any person who is entitled to ask an explanation of myself.

Very respectfully,

JOHN A. CAMPBELL,

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, United States.

Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.

No reply has been made to this letter, April 24, 1861.

INDEX TO VOL. I.

Abolition of African servitude; its first
public agitation, 33; activity of the
propagandists, 34; misuse of the sacred
word liberty, 34.

Absurdity of the construction, attempted
to be put on expressions of the Con-
stitution, 175; a brief analysis, 175.
Accede, discussions on the word, 136; its
former use, 137.

ADAMS, JAMES H, commissioner from
South Carolina to Washington, 213.
ADAMS, JOHN, stumbled at the preamble
of the Constitution, 121.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, his declaration of
the rights of the people of the States,
190, 191.

African servitude, its aid to the Confed-
eracy in the war, 303; confidence of
the people in the Africans, 303.
Agreement, between Generals Harney and
Price, at St. Louis, Missouri, 416.
Agricultural products, Southern, mainly
for export, 302; a change of habits in
the planters required, 302; our success
largely due to African servitude, 303;
Condition of the Africans, 303; dimin-
ished every year during the war, 505.
Alabama, withdraws from the Union,
220.

All powers not delegated, etc., what does
it mean? 175.

Allegiance, inconsistent ideas of, 182;
paramount to the Government, a mon-
strous view, 182; the sovereign is the
people, 182; obligation to support a
Constitution derived from the allegi-
ance due to the sovereign, 183; oath
to support the Constitution based on
the sovereignty of the States, 183; the
oath of military and naval officers, 183;
how false to attribute “treason" to the
Southern States, 183; an oath to sup-
port the Constitution, 183.
Amendment of the Constitution, distinct
from the delegation of power, 196.
ANDERSON, ROBERT, commands forts in

Charleston Harbor, 212; instructions
from the War Department of the
United States, 212; removes to Fort
Sumter, 213; acquaintance and past
associations with the author, 216; his
protest against relieving Fort Sumter,
281; the letter of protest, 282; reply
to the demand for evacuation, 286.
Annapolis, Maryland, first meeting of the
commissioners to revise Articles of
Confederation held there, 87; how re-
vision was effected, 88.

Anti-slavery and pro-slavery, terms mis-
leading the sympathies and opinions of
the world, 6.

Armories, the chief, where located, 480.
Armory at Harper's Ferry, burned by or.
der of the United States Government,
317; a breach of pledges, 317; ma-
chinery and materials largely saved,
317; removed to Richmond, 317; and
Fayetteville, North Carolina, 317; Ar-
morer Ball, his skill and fate, 318.
Arms and ammunition, arrangements
for the purchase of, 311; agent sent
to Europe, 311; do. sent North, 311;
letter to Admiral Semmes, 311.
Army officers choose their future place of
service in disintegration of the army,
306; act of Confederate Congress rela-
tive to, 307.

Arms within the limits of the Confed-
eracy in 1861, 471; do. powder, 472;
do. arsenals, 472; cannon-foundries,
472; the increased supply, 476.
Army, Confederate, its organization, in-
struction, and equipment, the first ob-
ject, 303; provisions of the first bill
of Congress, 304; its modification for
twelve months' men, 304; fifth section
of the act, 304; system of organization,
305; acts of Congress providing for its
organization, 305; act to establish
army of Confederate States, 306; its
provisions, 306; the army belongs to
the States, and its officers return to the

States on its disintegration, 306; pro-
vision securing rank to officers of the
United States Army, 307; the consti-
tutional view, 307; how observed, 307;
Generals appointed, 308; efforts to in-
crease the efficiency of, 384; desire
to employ the available force, 384; or-
ganization of-early circumstances re-
lating to it, 443; the largest army in
1861 that of the Potomac, 443; act of
Congress relating to organization, 444;
the right to preserve for volunteers the
character of State troops surrendered
by the States, 444; efforts to comply
with the law, 444; obstruction to its
execution, 444; correspondence, 444.
Arrest, threats of, against Senators with-
drawing from Congress, 226.
Arrest and imprisonment of police au-
thorities of Baltimore, 334.
Arsenals, contents of, in 1861, 471; do.
in Richmond, 479.

Artillery, extent of its manufacture, 473.
Assault on us, The, made by the hostile
descent of the fleet to relieve Fort
Sumter, 292.

Assertions, of Everett and Motley exam-
ined, 130.

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Ball's Bluff, defeat of the enemy at, 437;
losses, 437.

Baltimore, manly effort of her citizens to
resist the progress of the armies of
invasion, 299; occupied by United
States troops, 333; the city disarmed,
334; arrest and imprisonment of po-
lice commissioners by General Banks,
334-35; provost-marshal appointed,
334; search for and seizure of arms,
335; report of a committee of the Leg-
islature on the arrests, 335.
BANKS, Major-General, unlawful pro-
ceeding of, in Baltimore, 334.
Bargain A, can not be broken on one
side, says Webster, and still bind the
other side, 167.
BARNWELL, ROBERT W., commissioner
from South Carolina to Washington,
213; offered the place of Secretary of
State under Provisional Constitution,
241.

BARTOW, Colonel, killed at Manassas, 357.
BEAUREGARD, General P. G. T., corre-

spondence with the Confederate Gov-
ernment relative to Fort Sumter, 285,
286-287, demands its evacuation; com-
mands army at Manassas, 340; orders
troops from left to right at Manassas,
352; his promotion, 359; his state-
ment of the defenses of Washington,
360; report of the battle of Manassas,
368; endorsement of the President,
369.

BEE, General BERNARD, wounded at Ma-
nassas, 357.

BELL, JOHN, nominated for the Presi-
dency in 1860, 50; offers to withdraw,
52.

Belmont, Missouri, occupied by Federal
troops, 403; afterward garrisoned by
Confederate troops, 403; Grant at-
tempts to surprise the garrison, 403;
the battle that ensued, 404.
BENJAMIN, JUDAH P., Attorney-General
under Provisional Constitution, 242.
"Bible and Sharpe's rifles," declaration
of a famous preacher, 29.
“Bloodletting, A little more," the letter
recommending, 249.

Bond of Union, A, necessary after the
Declaration of Independence, 193; Ar-
ticles of Confederation followed, 193;
how amended, 193; difference in the
new form of government from the old
one, 194; the same principle for ob-
taining grants of power in both, 194;
amendments made more easy, 195.
Border States promptly accede to the
proposition of Virginia for a Congress
to adjust controversies, 248; secession
of the, 328.

BONHAM, General, marches to Virginia
with his brigade on her secession, 300;
commands brigade at Manassas, 353;
proposal that he shall pursue the ene-
my, 353.
Bowling Green, Kentucky, occupied by
General Johnston, 406.
BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C., nominated for
the Presidency in 1860, 50; willing to
withdraw, 52; ex-Vice-President of
United States, 399; his address to the
citizens of Kentucky, 399.

BROWN, JOHN, his raid into Virginia, 41;
how viewed, 41; report of United
States Senate committee, 41.
BROWN, Mayor of Baltimore, visits with
citizens President Lincoln, 332; his
report, 332.
BUCHANAN, President, his views and ac-
tion in 1860, 54; his objection to
withdrawing the garrison from the

INDEX TO VOL. I.

forts in Charleston Harbor, 215; op-
posed to the coercion of States, 216;
view of the cession of a site for a fort,
217; hope to avert a collision, 217;
message to Congress, with letter of
South Carolina commissioners, and his
answer, 218; his alarm at the state
of affairs, 265.

BUTLER, Major-General B. F., occupies
Baltimore with troops, 333.

CABELL, W. L., statement of field trans-

portation at Manassas, 383.
Cabinet of the President under the Pro-
visional Constitution, 241.
Cabinet, Mr. Lincoln's, a transaction in,

276.

CALHOUN, JOHN C., his death, 17; re-
marks of Mr. Webster, 17; anecdote,
17; extract from his speech, "How to
save the Union," 55.
California, circumstances of its admis-
sion to the Union, 16.
CAMPBELL, J. A. P., letter relative to the
views of the Provisional President,
238.

Camp Jackson surrounded by General
Lyon's force, 414; massacre at, 416.
CAMPBELL, Judge, his statement relative

to the intercourse between our com-
missioners and the Federal State De-
partment, 267, 268; his own views,
268, 269.

Capon Springs, speech of Webster at,

167.

CASS, LEWIS, his "Nicholson letter," 38;
resigns as United States Secretary of
State, 214; his reason, 214.

Causes which led the Southern States
into the position they held at the close
of 1860, recapitulation of, 77.
Centralism, its fate in the Constitutional
Convention, 161.

Centreville, conflagration at, 467; retreat
from, 468.

Change of government, a question that
the States had the power to decide, by
virtue of the unalienable rights an-
nounced in the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, 438.

CHANDLER, Z., his letter on a "little more
bloodletting," 249.

Charleston Harbor defenses, a subject of
anxiety in the secession of the State,
212; Representatives in Congress call
on the President, 212; proposal to ob-
serve a peaceful military status, 212;
secret preparations for reënforcement
by United States Government, 212;

689

instructions to the commander, 212;
modified, 213; commissioners sent by
the State to treat for the delivery of
the forts, 213; change of military con-
dition in the harbor, 213; how regard-
ed, 213; interview of commissioners
with President, 214; sharp correspond-
ence, 214.

CHESNUT, JAMES, letter on the election of
Provisional President, 239.

CLARK, JOHN B., of Missouri, letter from
President Davis, 427.

Clause second of Article VI of the Con-
stitution, adduced by the friends of
centralism, 149; how magnified and
perverted, 150.

Cavils, verbal, relative to the Constitution
and the Articles of Confederation, 135,
136.

CLAY, C. C., letter relative to certain mis-
statements relative to the author, 206–
208.

CLAYTON, ALEXANDER M., letter relative to
the election of Provisional President,
237.

Coercion of a State, views in 1850, 55;
do. 1860, 55; declaration of the Con-
vention that framed the Constitution,
56; other declarations, 56; the idea
absolutely excluded, 101; the alterna-
tive of secession, if no such right ex-
ists, 177; the proposition before the
Convention, 177; views of the dele-
gates, 177; coercion military, treated
with abhorrence, 179; the right to, re-
pudiated, 252, 253; language of the
New York press, 253; do. of Northern
speeches, 254; do. of Thayer, 254;
remarks of Governor Seymour, 255; do.
of Chancellor Walworth, 255; do. of
the Northern press, 256; words of Mr.
Lincoln in his inaugural, 256; views of
Southern people, 257.

Columbus, Kentucky, occupation by Con-
federate forces, 402.
Commissioners to the United States ap-
pointed, 246; nature of, 246; how
treated, 247; negotiations of Judges
Nelson and Campbell, 267; statement
of Judge Campbell, 268; his views,
268; declarations of Mr. Seward, 268;
his assurances, 269; expectations of
the commissioners and of the Confed-
erate Government, 269; pledge given
by Federal authorities, 270; telegram
to General Beauregard, 270; his reply,
270; explanations of Mr. Seward, 270;
plan to reënforce and supply Sumter,
271; proceedings for its execution by

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