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A SUNDAY AFTERNOON IN TURIN. deal.

"We had observed that with many others we were watched, and we were indeed more particular than ever, being almost afraid of speaking to a neighbour for the great dread of spies. One evening, my wife had been suffering with fear and misgiving all the day-we retired to bed, and without any definite cause we were both uneasy and distressed. We might have been in bed perhaps two hours, when we were awoke by a loud knocking at the door, which we heard opened by our only assistant, a youth of some seventeen years. Steps immediately ascended the stairs, and at my door a loud and harsh voice demanded admittance. I begged to be allowed to dress myself; but without more waiting, two carabinieri entered the room and told me I must get up, and come with them. Words would but feebly tell you the sad misery of my poor wife. She exclaimed against two peaceful people being thus outraged, who had done nothing to deserve it, and begged in the most piteous tones to be allowed to go with me, which was at once most rudely refused. At length the dreaded moment of separation arrived. My Giulina clung to me with the wildness of despair; and at last fainting, and almost dying with emotion, I laid her again on her bed, and after one dear caress I gave her in charge of a neighbour for whom I had sent, and left my home of love and peace for the prison cell. I never knew for what I was arrested, and I was denied all intercourse with my friends, thus it was impossible I could know anything of my suffering wife. I was detained in prison six months; at the end of which time I was pronounced free, for want of the smallest proof of guilt. It was with mingled feelings of joy and mistrust that I neared my old home; but oh! signora, how shall I describe my sensations when I came to my lately happy dwelling, to find all close shut, and no signs of life to be seen. I sat down on the stone porch and tried to collect my thoughts. Where was my beloved wife? where was my child? I was bewildered. How long I had sat I do not know, when my hand was taken, and a voice I remembered as that of the neighbour in whose care I had left my wife on that dreadful night six months ago, saluted me. I knew by the pity and sorrow which were in her voice that she had bad news to tell me, but I little imagined the extent of my misery.

"For a long time she resisted all my entreaties to know the whole of my sorrows, on account of my great agitation; but at last she said, that when my wife came to herself from the swoon in which I had left her, and found that I was really gone, she fell from one fit into another, and after twelve hours of intense suffering, breathed her last, one hour after the birth of her little child! My other babe, my little Rosetta, had died one month after her mother from a fever which prevailed in the town. I cannot express to you the state of utter desolation to which I was reduced by these accumulated misfortunes. My strength impaired by the dreadful prison fare, I was but little able to bear up under my trials. I could no longer bear the sight of the place in which the happiest part of my life had passed; I therefore, by means of a friend, sold my little property, and after a farewell visit to the resting-place of my wife and child, I left Viterbo for Turin, hoping that in the excitement of a new life, I might at any rate regain a portion of tranquillity. But oh, signora! such wounds as mine are not easily healed. Daily I supplicate the Virgin Mother for peace, but as yet she has not deigned to listen to my prayers."

The recital of this poor man, affected me a great

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Father John, as well as myself, endeavoured to comfort him to the best of our power; but he was weeping for his children, and one still more dear, and "could not be comforted because they were not."

I was unwilling to leave my poor acquaintance without trying to give his thoughts a more healthy turn, and finding by my watch that I was too late for the afternoon service at the Protestant church, I resolved to pass the time in doing my best to enlighten him on the one thing needful, the all-atoning merits and allsufficient grace of the Redeemer.

I took my little Italian Testament from my pocket, and read to him several chapters and passages in that wondrous history of tender love and mercy. By degrees the darkened face became lighter, and the eyes were suffused with such tears as bring relief, and taking respectfully my hand, he, with a voice choked by emotion, asked me what he could do to obtain forgiveness for his past rebellion against the will of God; "for I see, signora," said he, "that in all my trials the hand of God has been over me, and has been conducting me to you."

After much reading and answering of his prejudices, lifting my heart in prayer for Divine help, I succeeded in turning his mind to Jesus Christ as the only Mediator between God and man. At his own request I gave him an Italian Testament, and requested him to come to my apartments the next day.

My companion, Father John, had sat by me a mute, but by no means unthinking, looker on at the scene. "You have set me thinking more than ever," said he, "and I shall, with your permission, come to you to-morrow with our friend yonder."

"Nothing will give me greater pleasure," said I; "therefore at ten o'clock I shall tell my husband to expect you." On the morrow Father John presented himself at our apartments, and brought to us a printed accusation against himself by his bishop. We talked long and seriously to him, and he with pleasure accepted an Italian copy of the holy Scriptures and the Book of Common Prayer, expressing his great wish to come to England, chiefly that he might there study closely the Articles of the Reformed, faith. My pupil of the day before soon arrived, and told me that he had read with deep attention much of the book I had given him. After many tears, and mingling our prayers at the footstool of Him who has said, They who come to me I will in nowise cast out," he arose with a spirit calmed, and, he said, more composed than he had been since his troubles.

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I had afterwards frequent opportunities of seeing and conversing with this afflicted man, and have the pleasure to know him to be now a believer in Jesus Christ. Of Father John I have not heard for a long time; but if this narrative should be brought before his eyes, it will recall to him the impressions of that Sunday afternoon in Turin.

WHIPPINGHAM CHURCH.

AMONG the many monumental memorials of the late Prince Consort there is none more gratifying than that which has been recently completed at Whippingham, in the Isle of Wight. Other monuments may more conspicuously record public admiration or more feelingly express personal bereavement, but there is special interest in a place where private and domestic affections are hallowed by association with the honour and the worship of God.

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structure being much dilapidated, the Prince resolved to rebuild the whole, with the exception of the chancel. The plans were prepared by the Prince himself, with the assistance of Mr. Humbert. On the 29th of May 1860, the foundation stone was laid by her Majesty, assisted by the Prince, and other members of the royal family. In the design the formal styles of architecture were less regarded than elegance and convenience. That the general effect is picturesque and pleasing, our illustration will show to those who have not seen the church. The main entrance is by a porch on the south, over the inner doorway of which is placed the following inscription :

Whippingham, as all our readers know, is the parish | in which is situated Osborne palace, the favourite marine resort of Queen Victoria. The exemplary regularity with which the royal family attended the services of the Lord's day, whether in the courtly chapels of London and Windsor, or in the more quiet parish churches of Crathie and Whippingham, was in keeping with all the character of Prince Albert. He was not one who, either from personal feeling or early Protestant training, too much regarded the mere externals of worship, but in the case of Whippingham church it was a pleasure to him to devote his cultivated taste to the restoration and adornment of the house of God. The accommodation in the old church (the foundation of which dates from the 12th century) being found insufficient for the royal family and household, the chancel was made over to them, with the sanction of the bishop, in 1854. The Queen and Prince at once commenced the rebuilding of the chancel on a larger scale, and north and south aisles were added to the church, from designs furnished by Mr. A. T. Humbert, architect. In 1859 the building having been pronounced in an unsafe condition, and parts of the old we give from " The Church Builder:"

This church,

originally dedicated, in the XIIth century,
to Mildred, a Saxon Princess,
was designed by
Albert, Prince Consort,
and rebuilt by
Queen Victoria,

in conjunction with him,

in the year of our Lord MDCCCLXI.

Of the interior of the church, the following account

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MONUMENT TO H.R.H. THE LATE PRINCE CONSORT, IN WHIPPINGHAM CHURCH.

Opposite the porch, on the north side of the nave, is a door leading to the vestry and organ-gallery. Over this entrance is placed another tablet, commemorating the erection of the organ, seats, and other furniture, by voluntary subscriptions. The sum so raised was about 8401. The pulpit, prayer-desk, and seats are of oak, and the seats are uniform and open. The central tower (twenty-four feet square and about ninety feet high) is supported on lancet-shaped arches, having about them twenty-four clerestory lights. It is open to the church as far as the roof of the lantern. Four angels carved in stone, in the angles of the tower above the arcading, carry the main timbers of the tower roof, which diverge thence, to the eight angles of the roof above, supporting small vaulting shafts in the angles of the lantern. The whole of the interior of the tower and lantern is richly coloured and decorated. The spandrils over the great arches of the tower, and other portions of the church, are highly enriched with incised plaster, the several devices being executed in different

colours. Open timber roofs are used throughout. The tower is flanked by north and south transepts, having semicircular-headed windows, and rose windows in the clerestory. These, together with the windows in other parts of the church, are filled with stained glass.

An open timber lich-gate, constructed of East India teak upon a stone foundation, is placed at the entrance to the churchyard. Near to this gate is a simple stone cross, which has recently been put up by the Queen to Althe memory of an old and faithful servant. The total cost of the restoration has been about 90007. though Prince Albert did not live to see the full completion of the good work he had undertaken, yet we rejoice in knowing he was spared to join again, with his royal family and with the humble inhabitants of this peaceful village, in the solemn and beautiful services of the church, within the walls of this restored temple.

On the 5th of February of the present year her Majesty the Queen opened the new school at Whippingham, which has recently been erected by her

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MISSIONARY SCENES AND ADVENTURES IN CHINA.

Majesty's command. The Queen was accompanied by their royal highnesses Princess Helena, Princess Louise, Prince Leopold, and Princess Beatrice, and her serene highness Princess Hohenlohe. The Rev. George Prothero, rector of Whippingham, received the Queen as the entrance, and conducted her Majesty to the school-room, where the children, about 300 in number, were assembled, and where tea was provided for them. Her Majesty remained at the school for some time, before returning to Osborne.

It only remains to notice the touching and beautiful tribute to the memory of the good and beloved Prince, which has been recently erected. Our picture renders any description unnecessary, but as the engraving of the letters may be too small for aged eyes, we copy in plain type the inscription :—

To the beloved memory
of

Francis Albert Charles Augustus Emmanuel,
Prince Consort.

Who departed this life December 14, 1861,

In his 43rd year.

"Be thou faithful unto death,

And I will give thee a crown of life.

This monument is placed

Rev. ii. 10.

In the Church erected under his direction

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XXVIII. A DISCUSSION ON THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL.
ONE day we went out and bluntly asked the crowd of
upturned faces-"Where will you go after you die ?"
They stared in blank amazement, and some smiled.

One said, "If you had asked where we shall be
carried to, we could have more readily have told you."
"Or what we will become," cried another.
A titter of laughter followed these witticisms, in
"Well, it is a very humiliating
which all joined.
thing to think that these bodies of ours will be food
for worms; but do you know," I said, addressing the
audience, "that your bodies are no part of yourselves,
but merely the case in which your soul dwells, and
that your soul, or rather you yourselves, will live in
the perfect possession of all your faculties after your
bodies have been laid in the grave."

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"We do not believe any such doctrine," affirmed one, evidently inclined to be disputatious; we believe that man is one whole; that his soul and his body form one thing, that they are indissolubly united together, and that when he dies his spirit is dissolved and scattered to its original elements for ever." And continuing, he said, “Man is just like a tree or a beast. Destroy the root of a tree, and its functions gradually cease; its leaves wither, its health droops; its freshness and beauty-that is, the spirit of the tree-vanishes, and it dies and falls to the ground. So it is with man. His strength decays, the vigour of his mind and the force of his passions decay gradually with it; and at last everything comes to end, and the man and every power of his being is gone for ever."

Seeing that I had a man before me who had a

The upper portion of the monument and the pannels beneath are of Carrara marble. The larger pillars are of green and the smaller of red marble. The spandrels of the arch are filled with foliage, carved in alabaster on a gold ground. The monument was designed by Mr, Theed and Mr. Humbert.

mind of his own, and could argue, I resolved to
take full advantage of it, and enter thoroughly into
the subject; for the Chinese are sadly at fault regard-
ing the nature and immortality of the soul. Accord-
ingly, I asked him "if he ever knew a man who had
lost a leg or an arm ?"

Rather astonished at this question, he replied, "Yes,
I do; but what has that to do with the subject?"
"Did you know him well before he lost his limb?"
I again asked.

"Intimately."

This was fortunate; for there are few mutilated. They in general prefer to die rather than permit amputation.

"Well, did you observe any marked difference in his understanding or capacities after he had met with his misfortune?"

"No;" he replied.

"Could he understand a question as clearly as ever? Conduct his business as well, and write as good a letter?" I persisted in inquiring.

"Yes, there was no difference at all, after he got quite better."

"Now," I said, "do you not see that this entirely disproves your assertions? For if the soul and the body were indissolubly interwoven one with another and formed one whole,-is it not evident that when a man lost part of his body he would lose part of his soul also ?"

Acting on the principle of "a man convinced against his will," he replied that "he did not understand me."

was."

"Why, don't you understand this? that if the sonl permeates the body, and is one with it,-when a man loses, for instance, the fourth part of his body, he must lose also the fourth part of his soul ?" And appealing to his knowledge of Chinese history, I further said, "You are a scholar, and you must recollect the great general of the old dynasty, who lost a leg and an arm, and had his head also sadly bruised, but who recovered and continued as able a man as ever he And then addressing the crowd, I said, "These things clearly prove that the soul and the body are distinct; and that the loss of a part of the one in no way injures the other. But there are many other proofs. You have all seen some one wasting away with disease, and the flesh disappearing from the bones, and the man becoming nearly a skeleton, while his mind continued as bright as ever. And have all you seen a dead body. The body is there, and all its organs are there; but speak to it and it cannot hear you; lift the eyelid and no one looks in your face: press the hand and it does not return the pressure; that which hears and looks and feels and acts has fled, but the car, and the eye, and the hand are there. Does not this also show you that the body and the soul are not indissolubly united together? The body is like the house; and here is the house, and the furniture, and everything; but the tenant has fled. Again, physicians in the West have discovered that the body is perpetually changing, and that it undergoes a complete transformation of flesh and bones at least every seven years; but we know we have the same minds and faculties to-day as we had yesterday, this year as we had last or seven years ago; which also proves that the soul is entirely distinct from the body; for were the one part and parcel of the other, we would be entirely different persons every seven years of our lives. What think you of these facts?" I again asked our friend, who had been listening patiently.

MISSIONARY SCENES AND ADVENTURES IN CHINA.

"I still think that the body and the soul are one thing; that the body is like the lamp, and the oil and the soul like the flame, and that just as the oil goes down the flame diminishes, and both go out together;" he pertinaciously affirmed. "Just as the strength of the body decays, the soul also declines, and both go out together."

Seeing that he confounded mere life with mind, I asked him if he ever dreamt dreams?

"Of course I have, and so have all men," he answered.

"Well, in your dreams, did you ever see any of your friends who are far away, or did you ever hear them speak to you?”

Not seeing what I was after, he freely replied"Yes, I have often seen friends in my dreams, and seen them distinctly, and spoken to them, and heard them speak to me. But what has this to do with the

matter?"

It proves all I want,” I said. "You say you saw your friends distinctly, and heard them speak. But your eyes were shut;" and turning to the audience, I asked, "Does this not clearly prove that it is not the eye that secs, but something behind the eye; that the eye is but the organ or window, by means of which the spirit looks out upon the world. Our friend says, too, that he has heard friends speak to him in dreams; and you all know he is correct, for you have all heard friends speak to you, and you have heard music, and smelt perfumes, and travelled miles, and reasoned long, but all was still around you, and there were no friends Does this not convince you that it is not the car which hears, but something behind the car; that the ear is but the opening to let the sounds in, and that behind the ear there is a spirit catching everything; and so with all the organs of the body.

near.

“Again; did any of you ever hear of a piece of matter, a piece of wood, or stone, or any heavy substance moving of itself?" Waiting for a reply, I repeated the question, and at last a man shouted, "Who ever heard of such a thing?"

"You are quite right," I said; "no one ever heard of such a thing; but your body is just a piece of heavy matter, your arms and feet are just implements to be used, and your whole body is just a beautiful machine. A mill requires the oxen to drive it; a machine requires a man to work it, or it will stand still; a spade requires a hand to use it so in like manner the body requires a spirit to rule it, and regulate it, and use it, and it is just as distinct from the body as the man is from the machine, or the hand from the spade and the hoc."

As they appeared interested I went on, and I asked my friend, who still stood eagerly catching every word, "Suppose you were to hear that a certain mill had been broken down, you would at once infer that the oxen had perished with it?"

"Of course not," he indignantly replied. "Well, when you see a body die and moulder in the grave, what reason have you to think that the soul must have died also ?"

Receiving no reply, I answered my own question, and said, "There is manifestly no reason whatever." And again I asked, "If it is clear that the deprivation of a part of the body in no way affects the intellect, what reason is there for supposing that the destruction of the whole body must inevitably quench the soul? Death peels the flesh off the bones, separates one bone from another; but neither the flesh nor the bones are

539

our souls or ourselves." Continuing my remarks, I said, "I trust you are all convinced that the soul is distinct from the body, and that to say the least, there is no reason for supposing that the soul is extinguished at death. And now I have another question to put to you. Did you ever see a man suffering from remorse of conscience, or from the death of friends, or from the loss of property ?" *

Many a time," one near me affirms.

"Well, you must have observed that he was suffering no bodily pain. There was no man beating him with a bamboo, nor was there any sore on his body, nor was he afflicted with inward disease; he was just sitting on his chair wringing his hands and moaning in perfect misery. Where was the sorrow he felt ?" "It was in his mind."

"You are right. And this not only further proves that the soul is separate from the body, but it also proves that the soul is the seat of suffering, and that therefore the soul may suffer when out of the body as well as in it. There may therefore be suffering after death."

Here my former friend interrupted me and said, "Admitting all you say, you have not yet proved that the soul will live after death, far less for ever, as your book teaches."

"Strictly speaking, I have not yet; but I am coming to that," I said; but knowing that his views wero confined to the minority among the literate, and determined to make the discussion more general, I asked the crowd, "Do you all believe with our friend here, that the soul is dissolved and quenched for ever at death?"

I repeated

I waited for a little and got no answer. my question and encouraged them to speak. At last one said, employing the usual phraseology, "Death is the breaking up of the three inch vapour. This vapour is the soul, and it ascends into the air, and by-and-by reaches the world of spirits. It lives for three or four generations, and receives the sacrifices and homage of its descendants, and at last is dissolved with its elements."

"Do you all believe this?" I again enquired.

"No," cries another; "I believe that the souls of the vulgar and wicked are dissolved; but that the souls of the wise and good ascend to some of the stars, and live for ever in happiness there."

"No," cried another; for the ice was broken, and there were plenty now ready to speak. "I believe that the soul is distinct from the body, and that every soul at death appears before Yen-lo-Wang-the god of fate, who decides its destiny, that the wicked are punished, and the good are happy.".

Another propounded the doctrine of the transmigration of souls. And yet another, who was a Taouist (a sect of which I shall speak in a separate chapter), maintained that the "souls of all men were naturally mortal, and that the only way to secure immortality and reach the Hall of Heaven-by which they mean some of the stars near the pole-star-was to procure the elixir of immortality.

"But what good will the elixir of immortality do?" I asked.

He explained, and said, "The soul of man is gross and material, and of itself will die. This clixir of immortality refines and purifies the soul; and being purified from its grossness, thus becomes a seen jin or a genii. If the man have been extraordinary good he becomes a teen seen (i.e., a celestial immortal), and has

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