FAMA CLAMOSA, in the judicial procedure of the church of Scotland, a ground of action before a presbytery against one of its members, independent of any regular complaint by a particular accuser. Any person of a good character may give to the presbytery a complaint against one of its members; but the presbytery is not to proceed to the citation of the person accused, until the accuser gives in the complaint, under his hand, with some account of its probability, and undertakes to make out the libel, under the pain of being considered as a slanderer. But, besides this, the presbytery considers itself obliged to proceed against any of its members, if a fama clamosa of the scandal is great This they can do without any particular accuser, after they have enquired into the rise, occasion, and authors of the report; it being a maxim in the kirk of Scotland that religion must suffer if the scandalous or immoral actions of a minister are not corrected. After they have considered the accusation, the rule is to order the party accused to be citea, and to draw out a full copy of what is reported, with a list of the witnesses' names. He is now to be formally summoned to appear; and has at least ten days' notice to give in his answers to the libel. If the minister appear, at the time appointed, the libel is to be read to him, and his answers are also to be read; and, if the libel be found relevant, then the presbytery is to endeavour to bring him to a confession. Should the matter confessed be of a scandalous nature, the presbytery generally depose him from his office, and appoint him in due time to appear before the congregation where the scandal was given, and make public confession of his crime and repentance. If a minister absent himself by leaving the place, and be contumacious, without making any relevant excuse, a new citation is given, and intimation is made at his own church when the congregation is met, that he is to be holden as confessed, since he refused to appear before them; and he is accordingly deposed from

his office.

the commander of the garrison alive. During the siege 75,000 of the Turkish army, it is said, perished: and 140,000 bomb shells were expended.

FAMARO, or FAMARS, a town of France, in the department of the North, three miles south of Valenciennes. The French had a strong camp at this town on the 23rd of May, 1793, when they were defeated and driven from it by the combined forces, under the late duke of York and the prince of Saxe-Cobourg.

FAM'BLE, v.n. Dan. famler; Belg. fomeler, from Goth. fa, deficiency; paucity, and mal speech, says Mr. Thomson. To hesitate in the speech. This word I find only in Skinner.Dr. Johnson.

FAME, n. s. FA'MED, part. adj. FAME'LESS, FAMOSITY, n. s. FA'MOUS, adj. FA'MOUSED, FA'MOUSLY, adv. FA'MOUSNESS, n. s.

French, fame; Ital. Span., Port., and Lat. fama; Dor. Gr. φαμα; φημι, to speak, probably from Chald.the mouth. Parkhurst. Common report; celebrity; universal and ac

knowledged distinction: famosity is synonymous with fame: fameless is without fame: famed, famous, and famoused, celebrated; renowned; much talked of

And Jhesus turnede agen in the vertue of the spirite into Galilee, and the fame went forth of him thorough al the cuntree. Wiclif. Luk. iv.

There rose up before Moses two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation, men of renown. Numb. xvi. 2.

The house to be builded for the Lord must be excceding magnifical, of fame and of glory throughout all countries. Chronicles.

He is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer.

Shakspeare

Id.

Henry the Fifth, too famous to live long; England ne'er lost a king of so much worth. Then this land was famously enriched With politick grave counsel; then the king Had virtuous uncles to protect his grace. I shall shew what are true fames. Pyreius was only famous for counterfeiting all base

Id.

Bacon.

by strong walls and a deep ditch, twenty paces in breadth. The walls, which are very thick, are flanked by twelve noble towers. This fortress serves as a prison for the chief malefactors of the island and other parts of the Turkish dominions. The town has two gates, with drawbridges, one to the land the other to the sea side. Famagusta was fortified in 1193 by Guy de Lusignan, and still farther strengthened during the period of ninety years when it was in the possession of the Venetians and Genoese. Many of the churches are now destroyed; and the whole place is in decay. The Latin cathedral of St. Nicholas is converted

into a mosque; and the harbour is little frequented. Here reside an aga, a cadi, and a governor of the castle. Famagusta is said to be the ancient Arsinoe. Here the Lusignans caused themselves to be crowned kings of Jerusalem. After belonging for a considerable time to different states of Italy, it was besieged by the Turks in 1570, and surrendered, after having sustained six assaults, in August 1571. The victors flayed

by the ears, and swine tumbling in the mire; where-
upon he was surnamed Rupographus.
Peacham on Drawing.

Detraction's a bold monster, and fears not
To wound the fame of princes, if it ind
But any blemish in their lives to work on.

I shall be named among the famousest of women, sung at solemn festivals.

Massinger.

Milton's Agonistes.

They looked on the particulars as things famously spoken of and believed, and worthy to be recorded and read. Grew's Cosmologia.

New ways I must attempt, my grovelling name To raise aloft, and wing my flight to fame. Dryden.

Many, besides myself, have heard our famous Waller own, that he derived the harmony of his numbers from the Godfrey of Bulloign, turned into English by Fairfax.

Id.

Cheetham's Life of Paine. Fr. familier, famille; Ital. famigliare, famiglia; Span. and Port. familiar, familia;

FAMILIAR, adj. & n. s. FAMILIARLY, adv. FAMILIARIZE, υ. α. FAMIL'LE, (Fr.)

FAMILY, n. s. & adj.

Lat. familiaris, familia. Domestic; relating to a family: hence affable; unceremonious; intimate with; frequent; easy: as a substantive, an intimate friend, acquaintance, or supposed attendant spirit: to familiarise is to make easy by habit or custom: a family, Lat. familia, from famul, or famulus, a servant, 'anciently and properly the servants belonging to one common master,' says Ainsworth. Those who dwell together; hence those who descend from a common stock or progenitor (for they commonly dwell together), and a course of descent or genealogy; and, in a very correct sense, a tribe, class, or species. En famille is a French phrase for in the manner of a family.

Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites.

Numbers.

I see not how the Scripture could be possibly made familiar unto all, unless far more should be read in the people's hearing than by a sermon can be opened. Hooker.

Let us chuse such noble counsel,
That war, or peace, or both at once, may be
As things acquainted and familiar to us.

Shakspeare. Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. Id. The king is a noble gentleman, and my familiar.

Id.

A man must first govern himself, ere he be fit to govern a family. and his family, ere he be fit to bear the government in the commonwealth. Raleigh.

Lesser mists and fogs than those which covered Greece with so long darkness, do familiarly present our senses with as great alterations in the sun and Id. History.

The senses at first let in particular ideas; and the mind, by degrees, growing familiar with some of them, they are lodged in the memory, and names got to them.

Locke.

The genius smiled upon me with a look of com passion and affability that familiarized him to my imagination, and at once dispelled all fear and apprehensions. Id. Spectator.

When he finds himself avoided and neglected by his familiars, this affects him. Rogers.

We contract at last such an intimacy and familiarity with them, as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.

Atterbury. They range familiar to the dome. Pope. They say any mortals may enjoy the most intimate

familiarities with these gentle spirits.

Horace still charms with graceful negligence,
And without method talks us into sense;
Will, like a friend, familiarly conve
The truest notions in the easiest wa

If thy ancient but ignoble blood
Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood,
Go and complain thy family is young,
Nor own thy fathers have been fools so long.

Id.

*

He was amazed how so impotent and groveling an insect as I could entertain such inhuman ideas, and in so familiar a manner, as to appear wholly unmoved at all the scenes of blood and desolation.

Gulliver's Travels

Deluded mortals, whom the great Chuse for companions tete a-tete; Who at their dinners, en famille, Get leave to sit whene'er you will. Swift. The night made little impression on myself; but I cannot answer for my whole family; for my wife prevailed on me to take somewhat.

Id.

One idea which is familiar to the mind, connected with others which are new and strange, will bring those new ideas into easy remembrance.

Watis.

Prudent men lock up their motives; letting fu miliars have a key to their heart, as to their garden.

Shenstone.

That he became at last ridiculously cautious, and would scarcely answer the most plain and familiar question without previously asking me.

Franklin.

FAN, n. s. & v. α. Sax. pann; Fr. van (for grain); Lat. vannus (that which causes light things to fly). An instrument used by ladies to cool themselves; an agricultural instrument for winnowing corn; any thing by which the air is agitated; any thing of the shape, appearance, or used for the purposes, of these instruments. To fan is to cool, ventilate, or winnow; also to increase, or make more vehement, a flame (as the agitation of the surrounding air does).

Asses shall eat clean provender, winnowed with the shovel and with the fan. Isaiah xxx. 24. Nature worketh in us all a love to our own counsels:

the contradiction of others is a fan to inflame that love.

Hooker.

a wicker fan, or a fun with sails.

Spectator.

For the cleansing of corn is commonly used either

Mortimer's Husbandry The modest fan was lifted up no more, And virgins smiled at what they blushed before. And now his shorter breath, with sultry air, Pants on her neck, and fans her parting hair.

Pope.

Id.

FAN, in husbandry. The machine used for this purpose by the ancients seems to have been of a form similar to ours. The fan, which Virgil calls mystica vannus Iacchi, was used at initiations into the mysteries of the ancients: for, as the persons who were initiated into any of the mysteries were to be particularly good, this instrument, which separates the wheat from the chaff, was the fittest emblem that could be of setting apart the good and virtuous from the vicious and useless part of mankind. It is figu

E

ratively applied in a similar manner, Luke iii. 17. FANS, ANCIENT. That the use of the fan was Known to the ancients is very evident from what Terence says, Cape hoc flabellum, et ventulum huic sic facito: and from Ovid, De Arte Amandi, i. 161.

Profuit et tenues ventos movisse flabello. The fans of the ancients were made of different materials; but the most elegant were composed of peacocks' feathers, or perhaps painted so as to represent a peacock's tail.

FANS, MODERN. The custom which prevails among European ladies, of wearing fans, was borrowed from the east, where the hot climate renders the use of them almost indispensable. In the east they chiefly use those of large size, and made of feathers, to keep off the sun and flies. In Italy and Spain they have a sort of square fan, suspended in the middle of their apartments, and particularly over the tables : these, by a motion given them, which they retain a long time on account of their perpendicular suspension, help to cool the air and drive oft insects. In the Greek church, a fan is put into the hands of the deacons in the ceremony of their ordination, in allusion to a part of the deacon's office in that church, which is to keep the flies off the priests during the celebration of the

sacrament.

FAN-PALM. See TALIPOT TREE.

FANARIOTS, or PHANARIOTS, the inhabitants of the Greek quarter, or Phanar, (το φανάρι), in Constantinople; particularly the noble Greek families resident there since the times of the Byzantine emperors. The dragoman or interpreter of the Porte, is taken from their number. From 1731 to 1822, the Porte also chose from their number the hospodars of Moldavia and Walachia. Till 1669, the office of dragoman had been filled by Jews and renegades. In that year, Mahomet IV., for the first time, employed a Greek, Panayotoki, as grand interpreter. (See Ranke's Fursten und Volker, &c., vol. i., under the division Diversion uber die Griechen.) The power of the influential Fanariots soon increased so much, that, after the cruel death of the last native hospodar of Walachia, Bassaraba Brancareo, in 1731, a Greek, Mavrocordatos, was appointed to succeed him. A Greek physician, Marco Zalloni, who was chief physician to the grand vizier, Yussuf Pacha, and was afterwards in Bucharest with the last Greek hospodar, discloses, in his Essai sur les Fanariotes, the intrigues of those Fanariot upstarts, their exactions, which they shared with the Boyards, and the artifices and bribery by which they contrived to keep their station so long, imposing on the ignorant Turks for their own private interest. In the insurrection of the Greeks in 1821, the

A church whose doctrines are derived from the clear fountains of the Scriptures, whose polity and discipline are formed upon the most uncorrupted models of antiquity, which has stood unshaken by the most furious assaults of Popery on the one hand, and fanaticism on the other; has triumphed over all the arguments of its enemies, and has nothing now to contend with but their slanders and calamities.

Rogers.

The double armature of St. Peter is a more de

structive engine, than the tumultuary weapon snatched up by a fanatick. Decay of Piety.

It is the new fanatical religion, now in the heat of its first ferment, of the rights of man, which rejects all establishments, all discipline, all ecclesiastical, and in truth all civil order, which will triumph, and which will lay prostrate your church; which will destroy your distinctions; and which will put all your properties to auction, and disperse you over the earth.

Burke.

Cowper.

FANATICS. The ancients called those fanatici, who passed their time in fana, temples, and being, or pretending to be, often seized with a kind of enthusiasm, as if inspired by the divinity, showed wild and antic gestures. Prudentius represents them as cutting and slashing their arms with knives. Shaking the head was also common among the fanatici; for Lampridius informs us that the emperor Heliogabalus was arrived to that pitch of madness, as to shake his head with the gashed fanatics.

FANCOURT (Samuel), a dissenting minister, born in the west of England in 1678. He became pastor of a congregation at Salisbury, whence he was obliged to remove for rejecting the Calvinistic opinions of election and reprobation. He then went to London, where he established the first circulating library, about the year 1740, but in this he was not greatly encouraged. He wrote some controversial tracts, and died in low circumstances in 1768.

FANCY, n. s., v. n. & v. α.
FAN'CIFUL, adj.
FAN'CIFULLY, adv.
FAN'CIFULNESS, n. s.
FAN'CYFREE, adj.

FAN'CYMONGER, n. S.

FAN'CYSICK, adj.

Fr. fantasie; Italian fantasia; Latin phantasia ; Greek φαντασια :

See FANTASY.

This is evidently

a contraction of

was an influence injurious to their countrymen. Von Hammer, in his work on Constantinople and the Bosphorus, mentions the degeneracy of

the Fanariots.

FANATIC, adj.&n.s. FANATICAL, adj. FANATICALLY, adv. FANATICISM, n. s.

For you, fair Herza, look you arm yourself,
To fit your fancies to your father's will;
Or else the law of Athens yields you up

To death, or to a vow of single life. Shakspeare.

There is a man haunts the forest, that abuses our young plants with carving Rosalind on their barks; hangs odes upon hawthorns, and elegies on brambles; all forsooth, deifying the name of Rosalind. If I could meet that fancymonger, I would give him some good counsel; for he seems to have the quotidian of Love upon him.

Id.

How now, my lord, why do you keep alone;
Of sorriest fancies your companions making,
Using those thoughts which should indeed have died
With them they think on?

Tell me where is fancy bred,
Or in the heart, or in the head?
How begot, how nourished?
It is engendered in the eyes,
With gazing fed, and fancy dies
In the cradle where it lies.

Id. Macbeth.

Id. Merchant of Venice. Ninus both admiring her judgment and valour, together with her person and external beauty, fancied her so strongly, as, neglecting all princely respects, he took her from her husband. Raleigh.

The altering of the scent, colour, or taste of fruit, by infusing, mixing, or cutting into the bark or the root of the tree, herb, or flower, any coloured, aromatical, or medicinal substance, are but fancies: the cause is, for that those things have passed their period, and nourish not. Bacon's Natural History.

What treasures did he bury in his sumptuous build ings? and how foolish and fanciful were they?

Hayward.

Albertus Magnus, with somewhat too much curiosity, was somewhat transported with too much fancifulness towards the influences of the heavenly motions, and astrological calculations.

Hale.

Shakespeare, fancy's sweetest child!
Warbled his native wood-notes wild. Milton.
In the soul

Are many lesser faculties, that serve
Reason as chief: among these fancy next
Her office holds of all external things,
Which the five watchful senses represent,
She forms imaginations, airy shapes,
Which reason joining, or disjoining, frames
All what we affirm, or what deny, and call

Our knowledge, or opinion. Id. Paradise Lost. A person of a full and ample fortune, who was not disturbed by any fancies in religion. Clarendon.

True worth shall gain me, that it may be said

Desert, not fancy, once a woman led.

But he whose noble genius is allowed,

Dryden.

The sultan of Egypt kept a good correspondence with the Jacobites towards the head of the Nile, for fear they should take a fancy to turn the course of that river. Arbuthnot.

Imaginary evils soon become real ones by indulg. ing our reflections on them; as he who in a melancholy fancy sees something like a face on the wall or the wainscot, can, by two or three touches with a lead pencil, make it look visible, and agreeing with what he fancied. Swift.

Who lives to Nature rarely can be poor; Who lives to fancy never can be rich. Young. He seemed, through the day, to be swallowed up in profound meditation, and, through the night, he was disturbed with those visionary terrors which make an in pression upon a weak understanding only or a disordered fancy. Robertson's History of Scotland. To thee my fancy took its wing,

I sat, but neither heard or saw:
Though this was fair, and that was braw,
And yon the toast of a' the town.

Burns.

That a people beset with such real and imaginary bugbears, should fancy themselves dreaming, even when awake, of corpses, and graves, and coffins, and other terrible things, seems natural enough; but that their visions ever tended to any real or useful discovery, I am much inclined to doubt.

O'er fancied injury Suspicion pines,

Beattie.

And in grim silence gnaws the festering wound; Deceit the rage-imbittered smile refines,

And Censure spreads the viperous hiss around.

Id.

Pulci was sire of the half-serious rhyme, Who sang when chivalry was more Quixotic, And revelled in the fancies of the time, Byron, FAND for found. It is retained in Scotland. FANDANGO EL, an old Spanish dance, which originated most probably in Andalusia, a province of the south of Spain. Foreigners are

shing; but content ourselves with what our imagina

Jous furnish us with.

Locke.

ever, few fail to become reconciled to it. It proceeds gradually from a slow and uniform to the most lively, but never violent motion. It is said, that the court of Rome, scandalized that a