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496 Clovis, King of France, baptized, and christianity begins in that Kingdom. Clo Fra Bap satin.

508 Prince Arthur begins his reign over the Britons. Arth Brit laxer.

516 The computing of time, by the Christian æra is introduced by Dionysius, the monk. Compu Chri, Di laban.

As the Student by this time must be well acquainted with the method of associating, I shall leave him to select himself whatever he may feel inclined to remember.

557 A terrible plague all over Europe, Asia, and Africa, which continues nearly five years.. 589 Latin ceased to be spoken about this time, in

Italy.

600 Bells first used in churches.

<606 The power of the Popes begins by the concessions of Phocas, Emperor of the East.

613 Clocks and dials set up in churches.

1926 64 622 Mahomet flies from Mecca, to Medina, in Arabia. His followers compute their time

from this æra, which in Arabic is called Hegira, i. e. flight.

& 637 Jerusalem taken by the Saracens.

640 Alexandria, in Egypt, is taken by do. and the grand library there burned, by order of Omar, their Caliph.

664 Glass invented in England, by Benalt, a monk. 670 Building with stone introduced into England, by Bennet, a monk.

685 The Britons totally expelled by the Saxons, and driven into Wales and Cornwall.

696 Churches first begun to be built in England.
711 Beverly Cathedral, Yorkshire, built.

713 The Saracens conquer Spain. Their progress
stopped in France, by Chas. Martel, in 732.
748 The computing of years from the birth of
Christ, begun to be used in history.

761 Thirty thousand books burned by order of the
Emperor Leo.

786 The surplice, a vestment of the Pagan priest,
introduced into churches.

Airing 800

300 Charlemagne, King of France, begins the
Empire of Germany, afterwards called the
Western Empire, and endeavours, in vain,
to restore learning in Europe.

838 The Scots and Picts have a decisive battle, in which the former prevail, and both Kingdoms are united by Kennet, which begins the second period of the Scottish history. 854 Church of St. Giles's, in Edinburgh, built. 867 The Danes begin their ravages in England. pac871 Bath Springs discovered.

915 The University of Cambridge founded. et com

960 Castleton castle, in the Isle of Man, built.
989 Christianity established in Russia.

991 The figures in Arithmetic are brought into
Europe, by the Saracens.

997 Durham founded.

1000 Paper made of cotton rags comes into use.
1015 Children forbidden by law to be sold by their
parents in England. Priests forbidden to

marry.

1025 Musical Gamut invented.

1030 Bells baptized in churches.

1057 Malcolm III. King of Scotland, kills the
tyrant Macbeth, at Dunsinane.

all 1065 The Turks take Jerusalem from the Saracens.

1068 Edgar Atheling flying from William the Conqueror, with his sisters, &c. is forced by stress of weather into the Frith of Forth. Malcolm Canmore, King of Scotland, at a visit falls in love with his sister Margaret, and marries her on the banks of the Forth, about nine miles N. W. of Edinburgh; whence the place obtained the name of the Queen's Ferry, which it still retains. 1075 Henry IV. Emperor of Germany, in

penance

for his disrespect to the Papal power, walks barefooted to Rome, towards the end of January.

1078 Newcastle on Tyne founded.

1091 The Saracens in Spain being hard pressed by the Spaniards, call to their assistance, Joseph, King of Morocco; by which the Moors get possession of all the Saracen dominions in Spain.

1107 King's speech first delivered by Henry I. 1110 Edgar Atheling, the last of the Saxon Princes, dies in England, where he had been permitted to reside as a subject.

Learning revived in Cambridge.

1118 The order of the Knights Templars instituted, to defend the sepulchre at Jerusalem, and to protect Christian strangers.

1128 Abbey of Holyroodhouse founded.

1136 Cathedral of Glasgow founded.

140 King Stephen grants liberty to his nobles to build castles; in consequence of which 1100 are erected in 14 years.

1142 Aberystwith castle built.

1150 Cyprus taken by the English.

1151 The canon law collected by Gratian, a monk of Bologna.

1163 London bridge, consisting of nineteen small arches, first built of stone.

1164 The Teutonic order of religious knights bẹ, gins in Germany.

1170 Paper first made of linen rags.

1171 Thomas Becket murdered. Made a saint next year, and his bones enshrined in gold and set with jewels 1220,

1176 England divided into six circuits, and justice dispensed by itinerant judges.

1180 Glass windows begun to be used in private houses in England. Beedon castle, in Cheshire, built.

1181 The laws of England digested about this time, by Glanville.

1182 Pope Alexander III. compelled the Kings of England and France to hold the stirrups of his saddle when he mounted his horse. 1186 The great conjunction of the sun and moon and all the planets in Libra, happened in September.

1192 The battle of Ascalon, in Judea, in which Richard, King of England, defeats Saladine's army, consisting of 300,000 comba

tants.

1194 Dieu et mon Droit, first used as a motto by Richard, on a victory over the French.

1200 Chimnies were not known in England. Surnames now begin to be used; first among the Nobility.

1201 Cities first incorporated.

1227 The Tartars, a new race of barbarians, under Gingis-Kan, emerge from the northern parts of Asia, conquer the greatest part of that continent, and in 22 years destroy upwards of 11 millions of people.

P

1229 Mariner's compass invented by Murphy, a Dutchman.

1233 The inquisition, begun in 1204, is now trusted to the Dominicans. The houses of London, and other cities in England, France, and Germany, still thatched with straw. Thunder and lightning for 15 days together. 1252 Magnifying glasses invented by Roger Bacon. 1253 The famous astronomical tables are composed by Alonzo, King of Castile.

1260 Mariner's compass publicly exhibited at Venice.

1262 Baliol college, Oxford, founded.

1263 Acho, King of Norway, invades Scotland, with 160 sail, and lands 20,000 men, at the mouth of the Clyde, but most of them are cut to pieces by Alexander III. who recovers the Western Isles.

1264 The commons of England have a place in parliament.

1269 The Hamburgh company incorporated in

England.

1280 Pulvis fulminans and Gunpowder invented by Roger Bacon.

1284 Aberconway castle built.

1296 Bolton castle, in Yorkshire, built.

1298 Silver-hafted knives, spoons, and cups, a great luxury. Splinters of wood generally used for lights. Wine sold by apothecaries as a cordial.

1299 Windmills invented.

1810 Lincoln's Inn Society established.

1314 The battle of Bannockburn between Edward II. and Robert Bruce, in which the English are overthrown with prodigious slaughter, and all their boasted pretensions of Sovereignty utterly dissipated.

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