Building Safe-guideSlawson & Pierrot, printers, 1878 - 136 sidor |
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12 inches arches architects ashlar Black Walnut boilers brick Building Business carbonate carbonic acid Cast Iron cement mortar CHARLES MARCOTTE clean color contract copper cornices course crack cubic cut stone defects diagram Fig diameter durable edgewise exposed feet finish floors galvanized iron glass grades gravel Gray Iron ground hard hydraulic limes inch in thickness inch thick inches deep inches wide inside joiner's joints laid lamp-black light limestone linseed oil litharge marble masonry mechanics metal mixed molded mortar nails Olive street owners oxide perpetrated pieces pipes plans and specifications plastering plates polished pumice pumice stone putty roofs rubbed sand Satin-wood schemes of plunder second coat sheets shown by diagram slates sometimes square foot steel strength strong surface system of transacting three coats timbers Transacting the Building turpentine usually varnish walls water-closets weather weight per square white lead wood wrought iron zinc
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Sida 79 - Thus, grey cast iron contains one per cent., and sometimes less, of carbon in chemical combination with the iron, and from one to three or four per cent, of carbon in the state of plumbago in mechanical mixture; while white cast iron is a homogeneous chemical compound of iron with from 2 to 4 per cent, of carbon.
Sida 119 - Take a piece of firm, close-grained charcoal, and near one end of it scoop out a cavity about half an inch in diameter and a quarter of an inch in depth. Place in the cavity a sample of the lead to be tested, about the size of a small pea, and apply to it continuously the blue or hottest part of the flame of the blow-pipe ; if the sample be strictly pure it will, in a very short time, say in two minutes, be reduced to metallic lead, leaving no residue ; but if adulterated...
Sida 69 - ... charring or painting is highly injurious to any but seasoned timber, as it effectually prevents the drying of the inner part of the wood, in which consequently fermentation and decay soon take place.
Sida 78 - ... that a given weight of pig metal is expected to yield is regulated very strictly, the workmen being expected to furnish four parts of the former for five parts of the latter, so that the loss does not exceed 20 per cent.
Sida 80 - ... make a slight impression, denoting some degree of malleability, the iron is of a good quality, provided it be uniform : if fragments fly off, and no sensible indentation be made, the iron will be hard and brittle.6 0 For more information upon this subject, see Mr.
Sida 119 - ... to their own metallic bases ; and being intimately incorporated and ground with the carbonate of lead, they prevent it from being reduced. It is well after blowing upon the sample, say half a minute, by which time the oil will be burned off, to loosen the sample from the charcoal, with a knife blade or spatula, in order that tho flame may pass uuder as well as over and against it.
Sida 30 - The stone is first cleaned carefully from dust or other extraneous matters; then it is made to absorb as large a quantity as possible of the silicate of soda or potassa. When this solution has dried into the stone, a second wash is applied, consisting of the chloride of calcium or of baryta. The silicate of soda and the chloride of calcium are most frequently employed ; and the effect of the respective applications is, that a double decomposition takes place in the washes, giving rise to the precipitation...
Sida 41 - If the walk of the superstructure be thin, the stones composing the foundations may be disposed so that their length may reach across each course from one side of the wall to the other. When the walls are thick, and there is difficulty in procuring stones long enough to reach across the foundations, every second stone in the course may be a whole stone in breadth, and each interval may consist of two stones of equal breadth, that is, placing header and stretcher alternately. If those stones cannot...
Sida 66 - ... to compression, or where great stiffness is required, or in pieces like sills to windows and door-cases, where there is much alternation of dryness and damp. So early as 1788, the consumption of oak for ship-building purposes was, in that year upwards of 50,000 loads. 1695. When of good quality, it is more durable than any other wood which is procurable of a like size. In a dry state, it is ascertained to have lasted nearly a thousand years. The open-fibred porous oak of Lincolnshire, and some...
Sida 32 - Lime in slaking absorbs a mean of 2 '5 times its volume; and 2-25 its weight of water. The hydraulic limes absorb less water than the pure limes, and only increase in bulk from 1 -75 to 2-5 times their original volume. Slaked lime is a hydrate of lime. 1849. From the experiments of Mr. Smeaton and of Dr. Higgins, it is sufficiently proved that, when chalk or stone lime is equally fresh when used, the...