EARLY RAILWAY TRAVELLING.-It will be remembered that when Joey B. transported Mr. Dombey, after Paul's death, for change of scene to Leamington, the two travelled by rail in Mr. Dombey's carriage to Birmingham, and thence with posthorses to their destination. How long did this method of railway travelling continue? Was it, for example, practised in any part of England as late as 1870 ? DIARIES.-Can any one inform me when, and by whom, the first diaries-books mapped out for daily use during the yearwere invented? In what country did they first become popular? Are the MSS. of any Journals of well-known persons, that have been published, contained in such HYLLARA. volumes ? BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WANTED. 1. BARWELL. -Stephen Barwell was admitted to Westminster School in February, Replies. OF TRANSCRIPTIONS. 1745/6, aged 11, and William Barwell in CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS: LISTS January, 1749/50, aged 9. They probably belonged to the Anglo-Indian family of that name. Can any correspondent of 'N. & Q.' identify them? 2. JAMES BEAUCLERK was admitted to Westminster School in June, 1746, aged 8, at the same time as Aubrey Beauclerk, afterwards fifth Duke of St. Albans. I should be glad to ascertain any information about him. G. F. R. B. "SCALING THE HENNERY": "MOUSE BUTTOCK."-What is the meaning of these two curious expressions? The first is apparently of American coinage, occurring in Up the River,' by F. W. Shelton, New York, 1853, p. 37. The second is to be found in Cookery Made Easy,' by M. Willis, London, 1829, p. 150, as A Mouse Buttock of Beef." Both books are in the Bodleian Library. J. B. McGOVERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. THE BATTLE OF MALDON.-Can any one inform me where I can find a modern verse rendering of the old English poem 'The Battle of Maldon'? I have seen one, but cannot remember the author. C. M. B. THE ALCHEMIST'S APE.-In old pictures representing the interior of a physician's consulting-room or of an alchemist's laboratory, an ape or a monkey is often figured sitting on a window-sill, or perched on the back of a chair. A stuffed alligator or crocodile may also often be seen hung against the wall. Can any reader inform me of the significance of these especially of the ape ? H. C. H.-A. (11 S. vi. 206, 255, 278, 354, 418, 474.) GLOUCESTERSHIRE is fortunate in possessing Bigland's Historical, Monumental, and Genealogical Collections, relative to the County of Gloucester,' a work of prime importance for the monumental and other inscriptions in the county churches and burial-grounds. The publication of this work was spread over a period of 103 years. In 1791-2 vols. i. (commenced in 1786) and ii. were published, some of the parishes including inscriptions to the year 1790. The Continuations' to Bigland were published in nine parts between 1838 and 1889, and in most of these additional inscriptions to the Bigland MSS. are given, some being as late as 1883. Excepting for the parishes of St. Jacob and St. Philip, and St. George, Bristol, the work is complete for the whole county. There is an Index to Names in the first volume, but none in the second or in the Continuations,' though some of the larger parishes in the latter have separate Indexes. Bigland gives practically full transcripts of all the inscriptions on monuments within the churches and on flat stones in the burial-grounds, and all essential particulars of those on headstones. A valuable Index to the heraldry given in the work has been prepared by Mr. Francis Were, and published by the Bristol and Gloucs. Arch. Society. Bigland's collections for the city of Gloucester were pub lished separately by T. D. Fosbroke in his Original History of the City of Gloucester,' 1819. The inscriptions were printed in abbreviated form to save space, though all information of a biographical nature was included. The late Mr. H. Y. J. Taylor made full transcripts of the inscriptions in all the ancient burial-grounds in Gloucester, and these are at present in my custody. They include the burial-grounds of the Jews, the Friends, and other Nonconformist bodies, and are a valuable supplement to the lists in Fosbroke. The late Rev. B. H. Blacker (an old contributor to N. & Q.') published in Glouces tershire Notes and Queries, vols. i. - iii., Indexes to the monumental and other inscriptions at St. Peter's in Cheltenham, Cubberley, Longney, Prestbury, Swindon, and Great Witcombe (all in Gloucestershire), printed in The Genealogist, vols. i.-iii., and also to many others which were printed at length in later volumes of Glos. N. & Q. References to the latter, which are mainly inscriptions in the churches-though some in the churchyards are included-may be useful. Almondsbury, iv. 4-11. Berkeley (Cornock Family), vi. 31-2, 97-8. Bristol Christ Church, iv. 656-61. Redland Green Chapel of Ease, iv. 411-15. Brockworth, iv. 577-9. Cheltenham: Parish Churchyard, ii. 607-11. 615, 651-63. New Cemetery, iv. 305-16, 365-73. St. James's, iv. 619–22. St. Peter's, iv. 63-4. Chipping Sodbury, iv. 187-8. Cromhall, iv. 644-7. Fishponds, iv. 462-3. Leckhampton, v. 449-51. Nibley (Cornock Monuments), vii. 96-8. Oakridge (near Stroud), iv. 460–61. Pitchcombe, iv. 420-25. Prestbury, iv. 41-5. Randwick, iv. 543–7. Rockhampton, iii. 536-8; iv. 586-8. Rodborough Church, iv. 515-19. Tabernacle, ii. 60–62. Sapperton, iv. 346-9. Shirehampton, iv. 181-2. Stanley St. Leonards, iv. 477-82. the inscriptions at Slad, Edge, and Sheepscombe. His Monumental Brasses of Gloucestershire' includes all the inscriptions on brasses in the county. In addition to the above, the following lists for places in Gloucestershire have been printed : Charlton Kings.-Monumental inscriptions in the Parish Church......and some churchyard inscriptions. By B. H. Blacker. 1876. Also printed in Misc. Gen. et Heraldica, vol. ii. Cheltenham.-Monumental inscriptions in the Parish Church By B. H. Blacker. 1877. Chipping Campden.-History of Chipping Campden. By P. C. Rushen. 1911. Pp. 124-36, 141–9. These include the more important in the churchyard. Churchdown. History of Churchdown. By W. T. Swift. 1905. Pp. 49-56. Some in churchyard. Cirencester (Parish Church) :- History of Cirencester. By C. H. Savory. 1858. Parish Church, pp. 46-64; Unitarian burial-ground, pp. 79-82. History of Cirencester. By K. J. Beecham. 1887. Pp. 120-30. Preston-upon-Stour.-History of Preston-uponStour. By J. H. Bloom. 1896. Inscriptions in the church, pp. 93-6; list of persons commemorated on monuments in churchyard, pp. 98-104. Tetbury.-History of Tetbury. By A. T. Lee. 1857. Monuments in the old Church (demolished 1777), pp. 146–52. Inscriptions then (1857) existing in the Parish Church, pp. 302-10. Tewkesbury.-History of Tewkesbury. By J. Bennett. 1830. Modern monuments in the Abbey Church, pp. 363-7; gravestones in church, pp. 367-70; churchyard, pp. 371-3. These are also given, with additions, in Bennett's Guide to Tewkesbury' (c. 1850), pp. 99–113. Public Library, Gloucester. ROLAND AUSTIN. I have recently noted the whole of the inscriptions in the parish churchyard of Walthamstow, Essex (numbering many hundreds), and my MS. has been fully indexed as to both names and places. WILLIAM GILBERT. 35, Broad Street Avenue, E.C. In Glos. N. & Q., i. 180-81, 188-90, is an Index to the inscriptions in Painswick Church. These, together with all the inscriptions in the churchyard, and those in PEPYS'S DIARY: AN ERROR IN TRANthe several Nonconformist burial-grounds in SCRIPTION (11 S. vii. 26, 73).—I am glad the parish, were, in 1879, copied by Mr. that PROF. S. G. DUNN has discovered the Cecil T. Davis, then of The Court House, blunder in respect to the printing of the Painswick, and now Drum" in the entry in the Public Librarian, name Dunn as Wandsworth. It was intended to publishDiary' under the date 27 May, 1660, and these in Mr. U. J. Davis's Short Notes on that there will be an opportunity of correction, Painswick,' but only one part of this work of which I shall hope to avail myself. There was completed (1881), and the inscriptions is no excuse for the misprint, which was are still in MS. Mr. C. T. Davis copied also evidently a printer's error in the first 66 instance, but every editor knows how difficult it is to detect a misprint of this kind when once it has been made. MR. T. BAYNE, from having consulted an incomplete edition of the 'Diary,' is unable to agree with PROF. DUNN as to the frequency of the references to this person. There are ten references to him, counting the one in which he figures as "Drum." His name is spelt as follows in the Diary': Dun 2, Dunn 1, Dunne 3, and Donne 3; the last spelling probably indicates the correct name. Lord Braybrooke's suggestion that the man was really Thomas Danes, a messenger of the Admiralty, seems to be a very improbable one. Donne was a trustworthy messenger to Pepys while he was at sea. He undertook to bring the Diarist's property from the ship to his house in London, and he carried out the undertaking satisfactorily. Once more Pepys alludes to Donne when the latter called at the Navy office and had supper off a haunch of venison (14 July, 1662). His name does not occur again in the Diary,' which looks as if he passed out of Pepys's life, and it is unlikely that he was an official of the Navy office. HENRY B. WHEATLEY. It MISLEADING MILESTONES (11 S. vii. 30). -These very ancient stones probably mark the leuga, equal to 1 Roman miles. passed from Gaul to Britain. Here it was defined as duodecim quaranteinis, 12 furlongs or roods of 40 rods. This measure survived for a long time in the circumference stated for the verge of the king's court. This duodecimal multiple of the furlong was gradually superseded by the mile, originally 5,000 Roman feet, then 5,000 English feet, and increased in Tudor times to its present length of 8 furlongs. It is seen, both in the leuga and in the mile, that these are multiples of the rod and the furlong, the latter not being originally a division of the mile. It would be interesting to know the exact, or the mean, distances between the leuga-stones, whether they corresponded to the Roman mile=1,621 yards, or to the longer mile in English feet. EDWARD NICHOLSON. Cros de Cagnes, near Nice. MR. J. LANDFEAR LUCAS, at this reference, speaks of the apparently incorrect distances shown by many of the stones erected by the sides of our old roads, and which go by the general name of milestones. He refers to their distance apart being in some cases 14 miles. Are we to understand that on a road between A and B, two places 4 miles (statute) apart, there would be three stones only, at 1 miles, 3 miles, and 4 miles, or that at each of these distances there would be stones marked 1, 2, and 3 miles? If the former, how were the distances marked on the reverse journey, viz., from B to A ? In some correspondence in daily journals since MR. LANDFEAR LUCAS says that he has now been informed by a Devonshire friend that several such stones exist in the neighbourhood of Princetown, and the supposed reason for their being placed at the distance apart of 2 kilometres was for the benefit of French prisoners, 1806-11 (circa), on parole, who were given "limits" in the measure to which they were accustomed. As one who has tramped the roads and much of the moorland in the neighbourhood of Princetown every year now for many years, and has never before heard of the existence of such so-called milestones, I should be glad if MR. LANDFEAR LUCAS or his friend would inform me through your columns at what places in the vicinity these boundstones may be found. Will he also kindly tell me how much of the existing road-system across the moor was in existence at the time the Princetown prisons were occupied by French prisoners? Also, were the parole prisoners taking exercise confined to the roads? circa 1606, were 66 W. S. B. H. WESTON PATRICK, HANTS, AND KING FAMILIES IN IRELAND (11 S. vii. 29).—It is perhaps scarcely necessary to observe that the surname King is not of Irish origin. The earliest bearer of it I can trace in Ireland is a James King, described as bo n in Dublin of Carmina in laudem Henrici Sydnæi' and in 1498, celebrated as a scholar and author 1569. He was most probably of the family 'Diversa Epigrammata,' who died circa "Kinge of Dublin. whose arms, copied 'Azure, 3 lozenges or.' Of the same family, there can be little doubt, were the Kings of Clontarf Castle, near Dublin, whose arms, also copied circa 1606, are the same as the preceding, save that the lozenges are voided" (mascles), probably for a difference. They were amongst the English of the Pale who rebelled against the Commonwealth, and had their estate confiscated and given to a follower of Cromwell. Of the same stock probably was the scholar of the surname, described as a native of Connaught, who assisted good Bishop Bedell in translating the New Testament into the Irish tongue; he was a convert to the Established Church, and appointed by 66 the same bishop Vicar of Templeport, co. Cavan; his name was hibernicized by the ratives as " Murtogh O'Cionga." The three existing titled families of the name connected with Ireland are of English or Scottish origin. St. Leonards-on-Sea. CHARLES S. KING, Bt. Matthew Smith. They had a son named Le Neve says Sir Christopher Milton was knighted at Whitehall, 25 April, 1686: "Not a lawyer of much note, but being a Papist was in favour." William (not John) Webber of London is given as the father of THE FAMILY OF SIR CHRISTOPHER MILTON his wife Thomasine; she was buried in (11 S. vi. 100; vii. 21).-There is an error St. Nicholas's parish, Ipswich (Pedigrees in this interesting contribution regarding of the Knights, Harl. Soc. Visitations, viii. the parentage of Martha Fleetwood, wife 402). As Le Neve is incorrect in one of Thomas Milton of the Crown Office. She particular, he may be wrong in calling is stated, on the authority of the late Prof.Thomasine's father William. Masson, to have been the daughter of Prof. Masson states that Cromwell's Charles Fleetwood of Northampton. In reality she was a daughter of Sir William Fleetwood of Aldwincle, co. Northampton, and Woodstock Park, co. Oxford, Receiver of the Court of Wards, eldest surviving son of Sir Miles Fleetwood, who had held the same office. There are errors in Le Neve's 'Pedigrees of the Knights,' the Fleetwood and Churchill pedigree in The History of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Northampton, and Gyll's History of the Parish of Wraysbury.' The authority for this correction is the will of Col. William Fleetwood, which bears no date, but has a codicil dated 6 Feb., 1699/1700. He bequeaths 108. each to his brothers Charles (of Northampton) and Gustavus (of Wandsworth, Surrey, alluded to at 9 S. xii. 130): : "All the rest of my goods and chattells whatsoever I give and bequeath unto my dearly beloved sister, Mrs. Martha Milton......whom I doe declare and appoint full and sole executrix of this my last Will and Testament." The testator's brother(-in-law), Dr. William Coward, benefits under the codicil. The will was proved by Martha Coward otherwise Milton, 2 March, 1699/1700 (P.C.C. Noel 46).* Sir William Fleetwood's first wife was Frances, daughter of Henry Sture; his second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Harvey. Col. William Fleetwood was a son of the first marriage. There is a doubt as to whether Martha was issue of the same marriage, but the will rather favours this inference. son-in-law, General Charles Fleetwood, was Is Masson's authority for this statement R. W. B. known? THE OF THE WRECK ROYAL GEORGE (11 S. vi. 110, 176, 374, 436, 496; vii. - The fable of the land breeze 36, 77). which "shook the shrouds " (whatever that may mean) of the Royal George on 29 Aug., 1782, is as tenacious of life as the most sanguine of its authors could have hoped. The fable is simply the perpetuation of the lie which was deliberately published by the Admiralty after the damning report of the court-martial which tried the survivors of the wreck was in their hands. The transition from lie to fable began when the poet Cowper, presumably in all innocence, turned the Admiralty's account of the affair into verse. The truth of the matter has long been known to students of naval history, but curiously enough neither Capt. Mahan, in Clowes's The Royal Navy' (iii. 540), nor Mr. Hannay in his Short History' (ii. 273), has put it clearly on record. Capt. Mahan merely quotes the fable; Mr. Hannay adds: "But the Navy, which indeed was rarely charitCharles Fleetwood of Northampton, erro-able in its judgment of the Admiralty, was of neously stated to be the father of Martha, opinion that a piece fell out of her side under the was a son of Sir William's second marriage. strain, for she was notoriously rotten." Charles married Elizabeth, daughter of The general public has accordingly had little opportunity of learning the truth, and it seems worth while to give it at some length. The following account is from the The evidence is given more fully in Fleetwood of Aldwincle' (Northamptonshire Notes and Queries, N.S., i. 110, et seq.). |