1912. The Reality of Yuletide. By G. Hammerton.-Cassell's Magazine, Dec., pp. 147-52. 1912. The Humour of Christmas. By I. Heald. -Pearson's Magazine, Dec., pp. 571-9.

1912. Mediæval Housekeeping. Christmas Fare: Ancient and Modern. By H. Macfarlane.-English Illus. Magazine, Dec., pp. 228-31.

1912. A Christmas Fête in California. By L. H. Wall -Century, Dec., pp. 210-17.

1912. Christmas in Ritual and Tradition, Christian and Pagan. By Clement A. Miles. Pp. 400. (Unwin, 1912.) ROLAND AUSTIN.

Public Library, Gloucester.

(See 11 S. vi. 221, 263, 301, 463.)

VI. PETERS AS A HUSBAND AND A LOVER. IN the year 1635 Peters was minister of In the the English church at Rotterdam. Travels of Sir William Brereton,' p. 6 (under date May, 1634), there is the following

allusion to the fact :-
:-

"We went in the afternoon to the English church and heard Mr. Peters, a right zealous and worthy man. This was formerly intended for a playhouse, but now converted to a better use, to a church; Mr. Peters being there entertained, who is allowed by the States one hundred pounds per annum-five thousand guilders."

he was a minister of the Church of England, A year later Mrs. Peters was still alone and did his best to restrain his vagaries in Holland. Lucy Downing wrote to Winat the ex-playhouse within the bounds of throp on 6 March, 1637, Mrs. Peters is legality. Any coercion of Peters was, yet in Holland and James Downing with of course, impossible, and " persecution her," adding at the end of her letter that utterly out of the question. Probably all Mrs. Peters had just arrived in London that Boswell could have done was to apply (C.M.H.S., Series V., vol. i. p. 21). to the States to eject Peters. The following passage in Winthrop's Journal' (ed. J. K. Hosmer, i. 160), under date 6 Oct., 1635, gives the date of Peters's flight from Holland:

Here arrived two great ships, the Defence and the Abigail,' with....Mr. Peter, pastor of the English church at Rotterdam, who, being perse cuted [sic] by the English ambassador, who would have brought his and other churches to the English discipline, and not having had his health these many years, intended to advise with the ministers about his removal."

The real truth is that Peters fled under a most shocking charge an accusation of incestuous adultery, for which I refer my readers to the pamphlet (said to have been written by James Howell-I do not know upon what authority) published on 14 March, 1647/8, and entitled

A Letter to the Earle of Pembrooke concerning the times and the sad condition both of Prince and People."-P. 9. British Museum press-mark, E. 522 (5).

Sarcastic allusions to this episode are frequent-e.g., at the end of the satirical pamphlet published on 12 June, 1649, entitled

66 6

Hosanna; or, A Song of Thanksgiving,' Sung by the children of Zion and set forth in three notable speeches at Grocers Hall, on the late solemn day of Thanksgiving, Thursday, June 7, 1649. The first was spoken by Alderman Atkins. The second by Alderman Isaac Pennington. The third by Hugh Peters (no alderman, but Clericus in cuerpo). Risum teneatis amici." British Museum press-mark, E. 559 (11)— and in Eighteen New Court Queries,' p. 4, published on 26 May, 1659-B.M. pressmark, E. 984 (1). The pamphlet entitled A Key to the Cabinet of the Parliament,' published on 20 June, 1648, p. 2-(B.M. press-mark, E. 449 (2) should also be referred to, because it explicitly states that Peters fled from Holland for this cause. Corroboration is to be found in the fact that Peters abandoned his wife in Holland. She never saw him again.

Peters seems to have married again in 1638. The following are extracts from letters about his second wife, Deliverance Sheffield. In an undated letter from Peters to Winthrop we find :

to new troubles, for though she takes liberty
"I have sent Mrs. D. Sh. letter which puts mee
upon my cossen Downing's speeches, yet (Good
I had many
sir) let mee not be a foole in Israel.
good answers to yesterday's worke and among
the rest her letter; which (if her owne) doth
argue more wisdome than I thought shee had.
You have often said I could not leave her; what
Could I with comfort
to do is very considerable.
on, and content myself, that were good: my
and credit desist, this seems best; could I goe
request is that this bearer my harts-halfe may
well observe what is best. For though I now
seeme free agayne, yet the depth I know not.

Had shee come over with mee I thinke I had bin
quieter. This shee may know, that I have
sought God earnestly, that the next weeke, I shall
be riper.

"I doubt shee gaynes most by such writings; and shee deserves most where shee is further off." -C.M.H.S., Series IV., vol. vi. p. 100.

In a letter to Winthrop, to which the editor assigns the date of 13 April, 1638, John Endecott said :

"I cannot but acquaint yow with my thoughts concerning Mr. Peter, since he received a letter from Mrs. Sheffield, which was yesterday in the evening after the fast; shee seeming in her letter to abate of her affeccions towards him and dislikinge to come to Salem uppon such termes as he had written. I finde that (s)hee begins now to play her parte and, if I mistake not, you will see him as greatly in love with her (if shee will but hold of a little) as ever shee was with him, but hee conceals it what he can as yett."

Another undated letter from Peters to Winthrop states :

"I know not well whether Mrs. Sh. have set mee at liberty or not; my conclusion is, that if you find I cannot make an honorable retreat, then I shall desire to advance σiv Oew. Of you I now expect your last advice, viz., whether I must go on or of, salvo evangelii honore'; if shee bee in good earnest to leave all agitations this way then I stand still and wayt God's mynd concerning mee; if you find that cannot bee,

Read wrote to Winthrop on 5 March, then let our shure () frends come here and I shall

1636:

"We wonder we have not certain information whether my father Peters intendeth to stay with you or to return. It is necessary it should be speedily determined of that his church may know how to dispose of themselves."-C.M.H.S., Series V., vol. i. p. 217.

take what present speedy course I can to come over and labor to make up all breaches. If I had much money, I would part with it to her free, till wee heare what England doth, supposing I may bee called to some imployment that will not suit a moneyed estate....Once more for Mrs. Sh. ; I had from Mr. Hibbins and others, her fellow passengers, sad discouragements where they saw

One other letter from Peters to Winthrop indicates the close of this extremely peculiar courtship. It is dated Salem. 4 Sept.," and the year was probably 1639:

My wife desires my daughter to send to Hanna that was her mayd, now at Charltowne, to know if shee would dwell with us, for truly wee are so destitute (having none but an Indian) that wee know not what to doe."

“Hanna” would seem to be the heroine of

the tale of the "seaman's wife."

It is frequently stated that the second Mrs. Peters was "distracted (though she survived her husband for many years), but the following reference to her places a different construction on her behaviour, and seems to warrant the suspicion that her "distractedness" was only a euphemism in order to explain the accusations she made against Peters.

Roger Williams, writing to John Winthrop, jun., from Providence on July 12. 54 (so call'd)," states that Peters "cries out against New England Rigidities and Persecutions; their civil injuries and wrongs to himselfe, and their unchristian dealing with him in excommunicating his distracted wife.... His wife lives from him not wholy but much distracted. He tells me he had but 200 a yeare, and he allowed her 4 score per annum of it."C.M.H.S., Series III., vol. x. p. 2.

Surely excommunication was most in appropriate medical treatment ! And what were the wrongs to himself of which Peters complained? J. B. WILLIAMS.

(To be continued.)

66

W. L.: None but such as be in common hands.' Her Majestie: The Lord Lumley, a lover of antiquities, discovered it fastened on the backside of a door of a base room; which he prethat I might put it in order with the ancestors sented unto me, praying, with my good leave, and successors; I will command Tho: Kneavet, keeper of my house and gallery at Westminster, to shew it unto thee.'

What is the reference? And where is the picture?

The interview is stated to have taken

place on 4 Aug., 1601. William Lambarde

died on the 19th of that month.

With regard to the MS. from which this was printed, at the end of it is written :26 November 1650. He marryed Mr Lambard "This was given me by Mr Thomas Godfrey daughter or grandchild. Richard Berwick brought it."

On the back is written :

Queen Eliza: and Mr Lambard. Given me by Sir Tho: Tysden who found it amongst his grandfathers Sir Roger's papers, with Sir Roger's remarks. T. LAMBARD.

Mr Tho: Godfrey married ye daughter of Wm Lambard. T. L." This Thomas Godfrey, who was the father of Sir Edmundberry Godfrey, married as his first wife Margaret, the only daughter of William Lambarde. F. L.

THE LEEK AS WELSH NATIONAL EMBLEM. -In connexion with the controversy which took place recently on the question whether the leek was correctly described as the national emblem of Wales, the following extract from Richard Blome's Analogia Honorum, a Treatise of Honour and Nobility,' printed by Thomas Roycroft, 1677 (pt. ii., fo. 76), may be of interest to readers of N. & Q.' The note occurs under the the mantling of the achievement is designed achievement of a lady named Gam, and apparently from the leek.

66

QUEEN ELIZABETH AND RICHARD II.In No. XLII. (vii.), Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,' is printed wha is said to have passed between Queen Eliza- Hoo Gam('s) of Newton in Brecknock Shire Esq Katherine Gam('s) daughter and coheire of beth and William Lambarde at an inter-Granddaughter to Sr John Gam('s), discended by view on 4 Aug., 1601, The following is an extract:

So her Majestie fell upon the reign of King Richard II., saying, I am Richard II., know

ye not that?'

"W. L.: Such a wickel imagination was determined and attempted by a most unkind gent, the most adorned creature that ever your Majestie made.'

Her Majestie: He that will forget God, will also forget his benefactors; this tragedy was played 40tic times in open streets and houses.

the elder house from the mighty S David Gam' of Newton afores who did wonders at ye battle of Agencourt, who was discended from Tudor ye great King of South Wales. The occation [sic] of wearing y Leek was from y' family."

JOHN LIVESEY.

MARLBOROUGH IN DUBLIN.-It is perhaps the famous Duke of Marlborough, resided not generally known that John Churchill, for several years of his boyhood in Dublin. His father, Sir Winston Churchill, a Devonshire Cavalier who had suffered great losses for Charles I. in the Civil War, was recompensed by Charles II., shortly after his

66

Restoration, by a Government appointment in the account of the author which is given in Dublin Castle. So Sir Winston's son John by Mr. L. Maclean Watt in his recently went to school at the Dublin Schoolhouse, published book on Scottish Life and Poetry.' in Schoolhouse Lane. His favourite clas- The critic makes a false start with the stanza, sical work is said to have been Vegetius's and closes with the phrase an age without 'Epitome Rei Militaris.' The early asso- an aim." Had a shorthand reporter been ciation of a great British general, who was at work, one would have considered this an Englishman, with the city in which droll and interesting as a phonetic aberraWellington and Wolseley were born, is tion; it is a queer anomaly in a deliberately worthy of record. I quote from North constructed volume. THOMAS BAYNE. Dublin City and Environs,' by Rev. Bro. Dillon Cosgrave, O.C.C., B.A., published in 1909. WILLIAM MACARTHUR.

Dublin.

MECHANICAL PIANO BEFORE 1868.-Madame L. de Hegermann-Lindencrone in her chatty book In the Courts of Memory (London, 1912), describing her stay at Compiègne in 1868 as the guest of Emperor and Empress of the French, has the following note about machine-made music at a dance :

:

the

'Looking for a substitute for Waldteufel [the pianist], a clever chamberlain discovered the Debain piano' (mechanical piano). You remember I had one in my youth....How I used to love to grind out all the beautiful music those ugly boxes contained! And how I used to wonder that those common wooden slides could reproduce such perfect imitations of the real thing."

The machine was worked by turning a crank.

Programmes with dangling pencils are also mentioned. The lady was at school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1856.

have noted.

"PUT UP THIS, 'TWILL BE THINE ANOTHER
DAY." (See 11 S. i. 164.)-H. C. Hart's
interpretation (Arden ed.) of this phrase
(Love's Labour's Lost,' IV. i. 120, 190
Globe) as meaning "It will be your turn
another day," receives further confirmation
from four examples of this idiom that I
In these examples there is
associated with the main idea of awaiting
one's turn the further idea of desisting from
immediate speech until that time. The
Princess's words to Rosaline carry the same
"Never mind about this now;
thought.
you're going to have your turn later, when,"
the Princess implies, "unless I am greatly
mistaken, you'll hear from your lover."

Fol. Peace, tis mine own i' faith; I ha't'....
A Mad World, My Masters,' Middleton,
III. iii., p. 381 (A. Dyce ed.).

Mat. 'Twill be thy own ;

I say no more: peace, hark!
remove thyself.

'A Mad World, My Masters,' Middleton,
I. i., p. 337 (A. Dyce ed.).
Luce. I protest, mistress-
Cab. Twill be your own one time or other.-
Walter !

'Wit without Money,' Beaumont and
Fletcher, III. i. 3.

Sir Vaughan. The same hand still, it is your owne another day, M. Horace, admonitions is good meate. Satiro-Mastix,' Dekker, "Materialien edition, 1. 2007, p. 58.

Bang’s

Ann Arbor, Mich.

ANTIQUITY OF THE

M. P. T.

"TIED-HOUSE."

Much complaint has been heard of late years in regard to the working of the tiedhouse system affecting licensed premises. It is, however, much older than is generally thought, as there was advertised in The Daily Courant for 27 Dec., 1726, to be let on lease,

A Handsome Corner Public House, in Newsituated, and free from the Bondage of any Belton-Street, St. Giles's....just empty, well

particular Brewer."

ALFRED F. ROBBINS.