d. When the infinitive leader has a subject, the latter is to be construed with the former. In the sentence, "The teacher directed him to go home,” the leader is the infinitive to go with its subject him, or him to go. e. Sometimes the leader has no subsequent; as, "I intend to go in the morning." To go has no subsequent, but is limited by the subordinate element in the morning. SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS. 268. The Principal Elements of a phrase admit of the same modifications as the Principal Elements of a sentence. The SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS of a phrase are, therefore, Adjective and Adverbial; and they may consist of words, phrases, or clauses. Give the Office and Elements of the Phrases in the following exercises: MODELS. 269. Charles, having mortgaged his estate, engaged in uncertain speculations. 1st Phrase.............. Having mortgaged his estate. } Having mortgaged A Phrase-an assemblage of words that does his estate...... not form a proposition. Adjective......... PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. Leader.......... .Having mortgaged-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent..... ...................................Estate—the object of the action expressed by the leader. His............. SUBORDINATE ELEMENT. A simple adjective modifier of the subsequent, denoting whose estate. 2d Phrase........................In uncertain speculations. Adverbial..... ..........It is used to modify a verb. PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. Leader...................In-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent.............Speculations-it follows the leader as its object SUBORDINATE ELEMENT. Uncertain...............A simple adjective modifier of the subsequent. 270. To be always studious makes good scholars. To be always stu dious.... ...... Substantive........ Leader.......... A Phrase, etc. .It is used as the subject of the proposition. PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. To be-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent.............Studious-it follows the leader as an attribute of persons referred to. SUBORDINATE ELEMENT. Always...................A simple adverbial modifier of the subsequent. 271. The boys were punished for robbing a bird's nest. Leading Phrase...... For robbing a bird's nest. For robbing a }A Phrase, etc. bird's nest.... Adverbial...............It is used to modify a verb. PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. Leader....... ...For-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent..................... Robbing a bird's nest―the phrase which follows the leader as its object. Subordinate Phrase..Robbing a bird's nest. Substantive ............It is used as the object of a preposition. Leader.... PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. .Robbing-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent.............Nest-the object of the action expressed by the leader. SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS. A and bird's........... Simple adjective modifiers of the subsequent. 272. He was conscious of being sincere, and he thought his sincerity ought to be considered manifest in that he had devoted his all for his country's good. 1st Leading Phrase..Of being sincere. Of being sincere......A Phrase, etc. Adverbial...............It is used to modify the adjective conscious. Leader...... ............ PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. Of-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent....... Being sincere-a phrase used as the object of the leader. Subordinate Phrase..Being sincere. Being sincere.........A Phrase, etc. Substantive............ It is used as the object of the preposition of. Leader........ PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. .Being-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent..............Sincere-it follows the leader as an attribute. 2d Leading Phrase...To be considered manifest in that he had devoted his all for his country's good. To be considered, etc..A Phrase, etc. Adverbial...............It is used to modify the verb ought. Leader......... PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. ...To be considered-it introduces the phrase. Manifest-it follows the leader as an attribute. SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS. In that, etc............. A complex adverbial modifier of the adjective manifest. 1st Sub. Phrase...... In that he had devoted his all for his country's good. In that, etc........................A Phrase, etc. Adverbial...............It is used to modify the adjective manifest. Leader PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. .In-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent............. That he had devoted his all-a clause used as the object of the leader. SUBORDINATE ELEMENT. For his, etc............ A complex adverbial modifier of the verb de voted, in the subsequent. 2d Sub. Phrase....... For his country's good. For his, etc............ ....... .A Phrase, etc. Adverbial...............It is used to modify the verb devoted. Leader. PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS. ....... For-it introduces the phrase. Subsequent. ............. Good—it is used as the object of the leader. SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS. His and country's...Simple adjective modifiers of the subsequent EXERCISES. 1. Being rich is no reason for being impudent. 2. We divide the subject into five parts and ten chapters. 3. An honest man is conscious of being just. 4. The young man determined to acquire knowledge and become a useful man. 5. My brother is delighted with wandering in the fields. 6. His being chosen a judge was surprising. 7. We saw some persons catching fish. 8. We may expect afflictions during our earthly pilgrim age. 9. I speak concerning virtue. 10. You are come unto Mount Zion. 11. This occupation is suited to his taste. 12. We sat together beside a purling stream. 13. The proposition was made at our first interview. 14. We gain knowledge of material things through the senses. 15. The father encouraged his sons to be industrious. 16. The soldier is known to have been slain. 17. The youth has come to work, and not to play. 18. He was willing to risk all for the excitement of a new revolution. PHRASE. 3. Compound.-Two or more independent Phrases united. 273. Phrases are divided, according to their STRUCTURE into three classes: 1-SIMPLE, 2-COMPLEX, 3-COMPOUND. SIMPLE PHRASES. 274. A single phrase, taken alone, is called a SIMPLE PHRASE. It may have four forms: ist. A Simple Phrase may contain simply a Leader modified by single words; as, "The commander, having been unjustly censured, threw up his commission;" "To act uprightly and honorably was his invariable rule." |