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The Guardian

THE Leading Weekly Review for all interested in the past, present, and future of the Church of England. :: ::

Sixpence Weekly.

Specimen Copy free on application to the Publisher,

14, BURLEIGH STREET,

STRAND, W.C.2.

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The line is of about 7 words.

CONTENTS. No. 1.

MEMORABILIA:-1.

NOTES:-St. Ambrose as Poet, 3- The Hugos no Huguenots, 4 - Johnson and a Latin Psalmheading, 7-Duplicate shields-Nomenclature of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, 8.

QUERIES:-"The Blazers "-A gyron inn signThe Spectator, 1775 and 1789-Cranbourne RiverSanadon, Horatian critic-Boswell's Johnson: chapters?-The Hambledon boys-White Bear Inn, Piccadilly, 9-Nasr-ed-din Hodja-" Culage" -Sir John J. Hansler-Maria (Hamilton) Bell, portrait-painter-Manor of Chalkwell, 10-The Arethusa-Canton, artist-Epitaph wanted, 11. REPLIES:-"Bill" at Harrow, 11-Monuments in Parish churches-Parish Registers and accuracy -Ore, co. Berks-" Cardigan MSS."-Donkey and Elephant, 12-Measurement of wind-Edward Jarman Lance-The King's ships: calculation of tonnage, 13-The King's ships: H.M.S. Albion Braham, the singer: Thackeray - Historiographer royal-Church colleges-Authorship of prayer Elizabeth, wife of Captain Cook Legends of Irish Saints-The Grosvenor CanalRecruiting posters Portrait statues and pictures of cows, 15 Other "Notes and Queries," 16.

THE LIBRARY:-'The Oxford Book of Regency Verse ''Samuel Butler: Satires and Miscellaneous Poetry and Prose '-' Charles Dickens as legal historian '-' The notable churches of Barton-on-Humber.'

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HISTORY

The Quarterly Journal of the
Historical Association.

EDITOR: MISS E. JEFFRIES DAVIS, M.A.
CONTENTS.

Articles:
Americanizing American History. By
Professor DIXON RYAN Fox, Ph.D.
(Columbia University, New York).
Gilbert Debenham: a Medieval Rascal in
Real Life. By WINIFRED I. HAWARD.
Biographers and Historians. By Prof.
A. F. POLLARD, Litt.D., F.B.A.

Historical Revision: XLVIII.
Roman
London. By SIR GEORGE MACDONALD,
K.C.B., LL.D., D.Litt., F.B.A.
Notes and News. Correspondence.
Reviews and Short Notices.
University Research, 1927-8.

List of New Books and New Editions.

LONDON:

MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED NEW YORK:

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

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NOTES AND QUERIES is published every Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306). Subscriptions (£2 2s. a year, U.S.A. $10.67, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $8.56 without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 14, Burleigh Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Chancery 8766), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back

numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be

sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters

for the Editor to the London Office.

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He gives as examples of words between these alphabetical termini: to put or get it across; auto-suggestion; autopiano; autoerotism; autogiro; accent in art; to go all out; apperception; the all red line; Agapemone: apache; adenoids; aspidistra; aerobatic; alpha rays; drug addict; airbath;

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by Jewish influence that had penetrated to
him. Mr. Magnus finds "echoes of Hebrew
poetry
in Catullus's "Nox est perpetua
una dormienda " and in Horace: but we
think both these poets, and ordinary Romans
too for that matter, may be credited with
enough power of thought and imagination

to find out for themselves that we all must
die and that our heirs take what we leave.

Some like strain of exaggeration

runs

gument whic We have seldom read

through the main argument which is yet
deeply interesting.
description of the Highlands, or

a

of winter

scenery, so successful as that to be foundwith a good many accompanying observations and considerations-in 'January 17:

A

Highland Hare-Drive,' by A. D. G. G. Row

Grey contributes

on

a

a lively paper 'Disraeli in Fancy Street' and there is charming one by Mr. John C. Moore called 'An Essay on Poets.'

A

was

to

MOST interesting account of discoveries in the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick recently given by Mr. Philip M. Chatwin the Birmingham Archeological Society at the Midland Institute. The chapel has suffered obliteration of much of its original beauty through time and fanaticism and illjudged restoration. Removal of the dark stone-coloured paint with which the interior

airworthy; adurol; Ashkenazim; Anglicist; had been covered has brought to light a great Anglophobiac; angels on horseback; the deal of the mediæval decoration. Two spiritistic apport, and accelerometer. He acoustic chambers also, have been found notes some words or meanings already to be under the choir-stalls; they had been made marked obsolete, for example, the older sense receptacles of "rubbish" which when sifted, yielded up, among other things, fragments estate by a direct descendant of one of the watching the passion of St. Xystus whom he eradicated vert. These are certainly of a was so soon to follow:

of stone carving clearly belonging to the reredos of the chapel, part of an inscription from a fifteenth century brass and a fifteenth century pilgrim's badge. Still more interesting were fragments of painted glassmagnificent glass-with which the whole of the windows once were filled, making a glory, of which the glass still in position in the east window and in the tracery lights of the side windows, gives one some sort of idea.

WE always enjoy the Print Collector's Quarterly, and find the January number as good as its predecessors. The subjects

are

'George Dance's "Heads", by Hugh Stokes; Dunoyer de Segonzac's etchings by Mr. Claude Roger-Marx; problems of the early history of mezzo-tinting by Mr. Charles E. Russell, and a study of the etch

ings of Graham Sutherland and Paul Drury by Graham Sutherland. Mr. Stokes, discussing the question of Dance's tendency to exaggeration, expresses the opinion that the men of the eighteenth century were "of a stronger and more marked personality than their descendants to-day," a remark which is often made, and then goes on to opine that Dance, if he exaggerated at all did so by giving undue prominence to the nose in his profiles, and adds "Noses are probably decreasing in size across the centuries," with few jests on the topic. From the

a

eighteenth century to the present day seems hardly long enough, humanity being such a mixture of strains as it is, to establish any genuine instance of evolution; but, if this could be shown, would not such modification in the size of the nose be the only example of evolution in the human body in the history of civilised peoples?

OUR correspondent, Mr. Landfear Lucas, sends us an interesting cutting from the Brooklyn Eagle containing a portrait and account of Mr. George W. Pendrell, of Brooklyn, descendant of the Pendrell, of Boscobel fame, who receives every six months payment of a perpetual pension, in recognition of his ancestor's service in hiding King Charles in the oak-tree. Mr. Pendrell is the only recipient of the pension in the United States, and, being direct descendant of King Charles's preserver, receives now £80 (before the war the amount was £200); there are about forty other pensioners who, descendants of persons who might have betrayed the King but did not, receive smaller sums. The pensions were established by a charter of 1675, and are paid out of King Charles's

three original trustees appointed. Mr. Pendrell, who is now seventy-four years of age, nearly lost the bounty through an attempt of his father's to sell it. It was paid to the would-be purchaser for seventeen years before it was discovered that his title was not good, and the rightful heir was found. It passes from father to eldest son, and, as Mr. Pendrell has a son and grandson living, is likely to remain with his branch of the family for some time yet.

Two Hundred Years Ago.

From the London Journal, Saturday, January 4, 1728/9.

(ON Sunday their Majefties, his Royal Highness the Prince, and the three Princeffes dined together in Publick State in the Great Ball Room at St. James's; the

Dutchess of Dorfet carved, and the Earl of

Albemarle ferved the Wine.

On Chriftmas Eve a Boat with about 40 Perfons in it, was enclofed by Flakes of Ice driving down the River, near Woolwich, and was in great Danger of being over-fet; but another Boat happily coming by, offered to take them on board, provided they would step in leifurely one by one, which was done till the Boat was quite full; four of the People that were not quick enough to get in while there was room, were admitted to cling to the Boat, two on one fide and two on the other to Ballance then, of which Number was a Woman with a Child at her Breast; and being near the Shore they were all fafely landed.

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Literary and Historical
Notes.

ST. AMBROSE AS POET.

Ambrose? He has somewhat the same idea:

To make this earth, our hermitage,
A cheerful and a changeful page
God's bright and intricate device,
Of days and seasons doth suffice.

(One wonders, in spite of a few rather diffi-
cult examples, whether a Latin writer would
have gone so far as to call a hermitage a

AMONG the riches laid aside, which some page). The same hymn has the splendid :

day perhaps the world in general will turn to again, is the treasury of early Christian Latin. In this is enshrined much of the contribution which Latin custom and law and literature made to Christian imagery and Christian phraseology. Virgil

hoc [sc. praecone diei] omnis errorum chorus

uias nocendi deserit.

In 'Splendor paternae gloriae' we have one or two of those touches which foreshadow poetic method of a later day, thus:

uotis uocemus et Patrem-
Patrem perennis gloriae,
Patrem potentis gratiae-

- plays a large part here: nor have commen-
tators on the old hymns failed to point out
what these owe to him. But the-so to put
it-secular and poetical interest of early and here occurs the lovely line:
Latin hymns is not exhausted when echoes
and allusions have been traced to classical

1

sources.

They are rich in beautiful phrases and turns of expression as it were in their own right. I recently had occasion to go through the hymns of St. Hilary and St. Ambrose in the edition of 'Early Latin Hymns' by the late A. S. Walpole, which was brought out by the Cambridge Press some six or seven years ago. Struck by Hilary's "congregator tu maris" as a fine phrase I proceeded to take note, in these two writers, of lines and images which I thought of outstanding beauty and, not having read these hymns with special attention to this before, found myself astonished at the number of times I was stopped by admiration of a phrase or image. Perhaps a few examples may pleasantly recall old favourites to readers of N. and Q.' who know the hymns well already, and point the way to a new field of pleasures for those who do not yet know them.

St. Hilary's 'Hymnum dicat turba fratrum,' where congregator tu maris" occurs

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at 1. 9, has two or three other lines and phrases that give pause; thus in their places

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nox

a

sur

"scandere crucem iubetur" and
obscurat saeculum" (11. 39, 43) have
strange force, still more evident, after “
gens Christus integer," in the plain line :-
haec uidet Iudaea, mendax haec negat cum
uiderit.

Turning to St. Ambrose-' Aeterne rerum
conditor' (in itself a grand line) goes on to:
et temporum das tempora,
ut alleues fastidium;

lines with a curiously modern ring about them. Did Stevenson, by the way, read St.

pudor sit ut diluculum;

The hymn for terce ('Iam surgit hora tertia') introduces the third word from the Cross with the striking phrase:

Celso triumphi uertice,
matri loquebatur suae.

Sometimes a concatenation of images which amounts to a conceit occurs even in St. Ambrose, to whose general manner this is foreign. The signal instance, perhaps, is in the hymn about St. John the Evangelist, for example-a fine example—in :

hamum profundo merserat,
piscatus est Verbum Dei,
factauit undis retia,
uitam leuauit omnium.

Many of the hymns have admirable openings, but none, I think, better than the Epiphany hymn with:

Inluminans altissimus
micantium astrorum globos,
pax, uita, lumen, ueritas,
Iesu, faue precantibus.

Occasionally a sudden turn of thought and word makes a passage strike home. In 'Hic est dies uerus Dei' he has these two stanzas

about the thief on the cross:

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Boase, Collectanea Cornubiensia,' cols. 398, 399, prints a pedigree of the Hugos, of St. Feock, Co. Cornwall, beginning with George Hugo (fl. circ. 1730), "member of a family driven out of France at the period of the Edict of Nantes." One of George's descendants claims French descent.* This is the only evidence I know of for the proposition that the Cornish Hugos are of French origin.

Now, take the Hugos of Devon. The Annual Register, 1876, noticing the death of the Rev. Thomas Hugo, F.S.A. (see 'D.N.B.'), states that he

a

was descended

foreign type. I know of no more evidence for the French origin of the Hugos of Devon.

There have been two Hugo families in Guernsey and Jersey (Channel Isles), places having many.connections with France. Both settled in Guernsey during the nineteenth century.* The Hugos, of Allez Street, settled in Guernsey in 1840, being followed by those of Hauteville House (in 1855), led by the celebrated Marie Victor, Vicomte Hugo, who had originally (August, 1852) settled in Jersey. Various facts, too numerous to mention here, suggest that the families are related.

Here then is the evidence that the Hugos settled in England were of Huguenot origin.

But what does this evidence amount to

after all? It consists merely of statements asserting that proposition. No authority is quoted in support of the assertion, nor can I find anything which will, after critical examination, support it.

As far as I can see, the only basis for this theory of Huguenot origin is the surname Hugo" itself. My readers may consider that this is proof enough, for we are now accustomed to consider Hugo a French surname, but the very point I wish to make is that Hugo is anything but a French (i.e. Gallo-Frankish) surname. As a surname it occurs in many North European countries (e.g. Germany, Holland, Sweden, etc.), but, though with our pre-conceived notions may find it difficult to believe, it is surprisingly uncommon in France. All the numersurnames from the parent-root of

ous

،،

we

Hugo" are rare in France, but I venture to state that, taking the country as a whole, you will find a full hundred persons named either Hue, Huet, Hugon, Hugot, or Hugues, to one surnamed Hugo.

sur

from French Protestant family which settled many years ago in England in consequence of religious persecution." I have not a note of it here as I write, but I remember made in BALDOCK, who was acquainted with Mr. France? My own observation shows that it Hugo, from whom no doubt he drew that is commonest, rare as it is, in Normandy+

that the

same

statement

was

Where

'N. and Q.' (in 1919?) by MAJOR G. YARROW then does the surname Hugo occur in

source.

information. Possibly the Register's statement was ultimately derived from the same My impression is that the statement has been made in other places. Further, I am aware that some of the Devonshire Hugos are even now of that opinion. Burke, 'General Armoury,' shows that the Hugos bear for arms, Az., on a bend engr. arg. three trees

* Actually he claims to be related to the celebrated poet. But I never heard that my cousin could ever produce a single convincing argument in support of his claim. Otherwise there is absolutely no tradition in my family to suggest French origin or Huguenot descent.

* The Hugos sometime of Jersey were descended from Harper Richard Hugo (18261869), 1st son of Samuel Hugo, gent., of Allez Street, Guernsey. But note that Mrs. Paulina Hugo, née Mackenzie, bur. in Jersey, 1849 (see her ped. in Misc. Gen. et Herald., 5 S. ii. 233-235), was widow of Thomas Byrdall Hugo, of Ensbury, Co. Dorset (Surg. to H.R.H. the Duke of York), eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Hugo, Rector of Wolborough, Shillingford, and Dunchideock, Co. Devon.

† But apart from the twelfth-fourteenth century Hugos, referred to later, I have found only one person of the surname Hugo in Normandy. This case occurs about 1908.

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