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Memorabilia. cer with which he and his paper are not in sympathy. But, perhaps, there is less difference in these respects between old newspapers and our own than the writer implies, the difference arising largely through our having mastered more tricks; the old newspapers tainly "fictionise" as far as they can. And, it appears, we have a drag upon our lawlessness which the ancients had not in the broadcasting agencies, by which facts are presented to us faithfully and unadorned. Certainly, a general readiness to accept fiction as on an equality with fact, would, as Mr. Hedderwick suggests, be a development grievously to be deplored. IN nineteenth century books factory-buildings are often found mentioned with sorrow and contempt as hideous deformations of the landscape. We still reproach them where they belch forth smoke, but the twentieth century feeling for the beautiful (ONE of the most interesting and important has largely produced a double reconciliation: ،، papers in this month's Fortnightly is that by Mr. John Hedderwick on the 'Fictionising of the Press,' by which he means the evolution which the newspaper report has undergone into the story." The writer tells us that "The old-time reporter was a man who used shorthand to record what was said to him and what he saw; his skill lay in getting a well-written account in ahead of his rivals. The modern reporter is not a reporter at all; he needs no shorthand and takes little heed of dry facts; his skill lies in picking up or, if necessary, creating something bright and amusing which will tickle the fancy of the reader. In short he uses his material in precisely the same manner as a fiction writer some He goes on to remark that this process of "fictionising" is deepening its influence upon the newspaper Press day by day" and, to produce conviction, challenges the reader to attend function and compare what actually happened with the account of it given by a skilful special" writer. Certainly most people who have organized any sort of conferences or meetings will have had occasions to complain that discussions were not accurately summarised, or that incidents received fictitious colouring. A peculiarity of reports of conferences (which is outcome, of course, of practical conditions) is the frequent disproportion between the fulness of the report of introductory speeches and the ignoring of important things said towards the end. There is also the ignoring of matters with which the reporter is not comfortably conversant, or on the means on the one hand the designers of factories have obviously desired to produce that type of beauty which is based upon strict correspondence with utility (this may be seen most plainly in the fenestration); other hand the public eye, partly through exhortation, partly by custom and association, has been trained to see romance and grandeur in a factory. There is an old manor house between Blackburn and Preston, called Samlesbury Hall, preserved for the nation, the Trustees of which have decided to keep within it pictures of the industrial aspect of the neighbourhood: this pictures of mills and above all of chimneys. Sir Charles Holmes has now made ten such pictures, which may have been seen by some of our readers at Messrs. P. and D. Colnaghi's in Bond Street. This idealisation of chimneys, which is not mere fake and fiction, but revelation of a true aspect, is pleasant evidence first of the indestructibility of romance, which seems like nature in that if you drive it out with a fork it inevitably comes back, and then of the strength of the modern tendency to keep the mind going chiefly through the eye. We present a scene in a certain revealing light, from a certain revealing angle, rather than make a song about it. It might in this connection be possible to work out a theory that photography has inhibited song making. And a lurid or a merry poster perhaps gives us what a song would have given to our fathers. These remarks were suggested by a note about the pictures for Samlesbury Hall in the January Connoisseur. This number has a paper on addressed to Mr. Bernard Hobson, 20, HalThe autumn of 1688 had made shipwreck of the Stuart fortunes, and during the winter months that followed, the shores of France and the remoter counties of England were strewn with the wreckage. Amongst the flotsam and jetsam cast up by this calamity set himself to collect such details as still sur and a ، 'Russian Portrait-Painters of the Age of Catherine the Great,' by M. Nicholas Volkov; first instalment of The Paper Valentine,' by Mrs. Willoughby Hodgson. UNDER 'Notes and Comments' in the Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association we learn that at Conklingville on the Hudson river the authorities are faced with the difficulties we know so well concerning burial-grounds and the want of the sites for other purposes. The Hudson River Regulating Board is contracting for the removal of about 3,800 bodies from twenty-two cemeteries, in order to free the ground for the purposes of an immense storage reservoir to regulate the flow of the Hudson. Five other cemeteries have been provided as substitute. The bids for the con tract ranged from $75,000 to $300,000. We A also learn there is a movement on foot to restore the colonial home of Lewis Morris, at Morrisania, N.Y., in its original style. rug ordered by Morris in France in 1740 is in the possesson of a lady in Los Angeles, who wishes to return it to the Morris mansion. America of the future will possess minutely detailed knowledge of its past. These notes also give the story of the first manufacture of bunting in the United States. Until 1867 all the bunting used for the Stars and Stripes was made in England, but by the initiative of General Butler the machinery for making the woollen yarn used for bunting, and the looms for weaving it (these last imported from England), were installed in a suburb of Lowell, Mass. It was General Butler who insisted that clipping out the Stars and Stripes and sewing them together was unnecessarily troublesome, and, in the teeth of dismal prophecies of failure, had a printing-machine built (at the cost of $10,000) to print the flag. He was proved to be right, for the first flags came through, so an eye-witness describes them, of a "clear rich colour." THE Hon. Secretary of the Hunter Archeological Society, Sheffield, tells us of a project on foot to commemorate the eightieth birthday of the President of the Society, our valued correspondent, Mr. S. O. Addy, by a testimonial in recognition of all he has done for Local History and Archæology. We are glad to inform our readers of it, in case any who have profited by Mr. Addy's work, though not members of the Hunter Society, may like to associate themselves with it for this purpose. Communications should be lamgate, Sheffield, who is acting as Treasurer. WE have received from Messrs. Dent and Sons, the announcement that Everyman a is to be revived. This weekly journal created great interest upon its appearance and had remarkable success until Messrs. Dent gave up their interest in it in 1917. The late J. M. Dent had intended to revive it, believing that it had distinct place among literary journals in that it treated literature as a human rather than an academic subject. It is to re-appear as a weekly journal at the end of January, and, according to the original plan, it will deal with books, drama, music and travel. Two Hundred Years Ago. From the Flying Post or, the Weekly Medley, Saturday, January 11, 1728/9. new Thursday laft his Excellency Cojjam Haja, Envoy of Tripoli, came to the Houfe of the Royal Society in Crane-Court FleetStreet, and was admitted a Member of that Learned Body, at which time several Chymical Experiments happen'd to be Try'd befides others perform'd by the Air-Pump, and a Piece of Ambergreace was produc'd that was lately found upon the Coafts of Wales, weighing above 15 Pounds, which is look'd upon as a very great Curiofity.-At the fame Time a Paper was read concerning a Difcovery made by the Reverend Mr. Bradley, Savilian Profeffor of Aftronomy at Oxford, which demonftrates both to the annual Motion of the Earth and the progreffive Motion of Light, according to which the irregular Motion of the fix'd Stars is асcounted for and determin'd and the Light is prov'd to be about 8 Minutes coming to us from the Sun. The Cormorant which lately occafion'd such Specualtion [sic] upon the Top of St. Paul's Cross, and afterwards upon the Dragon of Bow-steeple, fled from thence to the Battlements of the Tower, where it was fhot by one of the Garrifon, who made a Present of it to Sir Hans Sloan, by whom we hear it has been open'd; and that the Bird was in good Plight, having its Belly full of Fish, and a little Tench in its Stomach of which only one half was digefted, but that it had fome Ice at its Tail, which was a hindrance to its Flight. Literary and Historical Notes. JANE STUART. (See clv. 259, 319, 375, s.v. 'Natural Children of Charles II and James II.') THE following article by Miss Mabel R. Brailsford appeared in The Journal of the Friends Historical Society, x. (1913), p. 263: " For discovered in the act of reading Greek Testament, and her confusion still further aroused the suspicions of her neighbours. Reluctant as she was to speak of her past life, the day came when the chief facts of her history were known in the town. thirty years after her death in 1742, her memory was preserved only in the recollection of the inhabitants who had known her, and in the following entry in the Friends' Registry of Burials: Jane Stuart departed this Life on 12th of 7th mo, 1742, on first day, about 1 oclock ye 14th aged '88. Supposed to be descended from James 2nd she lived in a cellar in the Old Market, Wisbech-the house has been rebuilt by Chs. Freeman. sam there was no figure so remarkable as that of Jane Stuart, the King's natural daughter. She had spent the thirty-five years of her life at the Court-an acknowledged and favourite child. Then, seizing the opportunity of her father's flight, she herself stole away in disguise from Whitehall, and, tak ing no one into her confidence, travelled alone and on foot through half the counties of England. The goal of her journey Wisbech, then ، an was obscure market-town in Cambridgeshire. She had chosen it, perhaps, for its remoteness and inaccessibility, which had become a by-word in the seventeenth century. Arriving towards the end of the summer, she joined a group of labourers who were standing to be hired beside the Old Bridge, where farmers still come to engage their extra workers at hay-time and harvest. In spite of her evident inexperience she was hired with the others and sent out to reap in the fields. So great was her industry that before the season was over she had come to be known as the Queen of the Reapers' -a strange title for a woman whose sister was even then seated upon the throne of England. As the winter drew on she bought a spinningwheel, and, hiring a cellar, she took home the flax and wool which are the chief produce of that grazing and agricultural county. Then, sitting on a stand in the market-place, amongst the farmers' wives, she sold the thread which she had spun. From the time of her arrival she attached herself to the Quaker Meeting, a little community which was beginning to breathe again after the barbarous persecutions of the reign of Charles II. "Little by little her story leaked out. Her But in 1773 the grandfather of the present Lord Peckover came to live in Wishech, and vived. In 1809 they appeared for the first time in print in an article in the Monthly Magazine or British Register, vol. 28. I am indebted for this information, as well as for some further particulars, to the kindness of Lord Peckover of Wisbech. He can himself remember his grandfather, who died in 1833, and thus forms a link, however slender, with this surprising history. It is Jane Stuart was born in Paris in 1654, a natural daughter of the exiled Duke of York, but happy beyond the usual fate of these children in bearing her father's name. significant that her mother's identity has never been known, though she is believed to have been a Maid of Honour to Queen Henrietta Maria, and a Protestant. This secrecy seems to indicate that she came of a family which felt the disgrace of the royal favours, and the name of Stuart may have been granted to the child as an expiation of the wrong done to her mother. "At the time of Jane's birth her father was a youth of twenty-one, handsome, brave and affable. He was the idol, if we may believe Chancellor Hyde, of the French Court, and of the Army, to which he was attached as a member of the staff of Marshall Turenne. But in 1658 the French Treaty with Cromwell obliged him to leave the country and to resign his commission. He removed with his whole household, which included his little daughter, to Bruges. Here and at Brussels she grew up in the midst of a society only less corrupt than that of the Court of the Restoration. When in 1660 the exiles were welcomed back to Whitehall, she came to England in her father's train; and when he set up his establishment on a scale comparable to that of the King himself, he was careful that proper provision should be made for the child. "In the following autumn his secret marriage was acknowledged with the daughter of Sir Edward Hyde, the Chancellor, whose loyalty had been newly rewarded by a peerage. The bride brought the leaven of decent middle-class virtues into James's household, and it is to her influence that one can trace many of the qualities in Jane Stuart which would be otherwise inexplicable-her integrity and economy, her love of learning, and her purity of life. "Jane's attachment to the Quakers, which showed itself while she was still living at St. James's, is easily capable of explanation. The Friends held a prescriptive right, which they still possess, to appear before the King, and during the persecution which followed the Conventicle Act, they came almost daily to Charles the Second to plead the cause of their Society. The Duke of York was notoriously friendly to them, and added to the distrust with which he was regarded by his intimacy with William Penn, the son of his favourite Admiral. Jane Stuart herself travelled in Germany in her girlhood, where she would be entertained by her father's cousin, the learned Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, the correspondent of George Fox and William Penn, and a kind hostess to many wandering Quakers. Jane Stuart's convincement to their principles brought no difference in her position. "It is related... that she suffered imprisonment at Newgate, in the company of Thomas Ellwood. Ellwood was confined in Bridewell and Newgate in 1662, when Jane was a child of eight, and his last imprisonment was at High Wycombe (not in London), when she was still only twelve years of age. Even in those brutal times, a Dissenter under the age of sixteen was not punishable by law.* If it be true that this daughter of the Stuarts suffered in jail for her religion, it was not in the company of Milton's friend. There is no account of her trial and punishment in the Quaker records. are alike unrecorded, and whose sole surviving feature had been his desire to marry her for her own sake, and his willingness to share the obloquy and peril of the life of a humble Quaker. It seems most likely that he was himself a Friend. The marriage was to be celebrated according to the Quaker form. When the day came, the bride and bridegroom, accompanied only by his brother, set out in a coach for the Friends' Meeting House. Before they could reach it, however, the horses took fright, and the coach overturned. The bridegroom was killed on the spot, though Jane herself was unhurt, and the brother escaped with a broken leg. was She insisted on continuing the journey, and carried the brother to lodgings in London, where his leg might be set with some hope of success. Not content with this ser vice, she stayed with him and nursed him herself until his recovery. The account of her intended marriage is sufficient evidence of the thoroughness with which she had identified herself with the Quakers, and her conduct throughout the adventure gives such proof of her disregard for convention might prepare us in some degree of her later actions. ، a as a few "The only other picture which she has left of this period of her life is a glimpse of the infant Prince, afterwards the Old Pretender, little white-headed boy,' whom she nursed upon her knee. His birth gave the signal for the Revolution, and in months Jane herself was an exile, working unknown amongst the fields of Wisbech. At first some effort seems to have been made to draw her back to her old life. The partisans of the new King in particular desired her presence as a witness to their contention that the new-born Prince was a supposititious child, and not the heir to the throne. The Duke of Argyll succeeded in fact in tracing her as far as Wisbech. But Jane recognised the familiar arms upon his coach, as she sat in her stall in the market-place, and hastily packing up her thread, she hid herself until the search which she had foreseen had been abandoned. "Once, indeed, she was tempted out of her retreat. When her brother, the Old Pretender, landed at Peterhead, to lead the illfated rising of the '15, Jane Stuart hired a chaise and travelled the 300 miles into Scotland to see him, a journey which is in itself sufficient corroboration of his claim to be the son of James the Second. "With this brief and heart-stirring interlude her life pursued its even course for fifty |