T four years. Through the summer she worked in the fields, and in the winter she toiled at the spinning-wheel in her dark cellar, or sat without awning or shelter among the farmers' wives in the market-place. Her cellar was filled with birds, which she loved and cared for. She was never so happy as in the company of children, to whom, it is related, 'she gave suitable religious advice when opportunity offered.' "The last scene of her life has a touch of that romantic pathos which was the birthright of all her family. She had fainted one day in the Friends' Graveyard, and, as she came to herself, the peace of that green shade stole into her brain, and she asked that when she died she might be buried in the place where she had fallen. She had a rowan tree planted to mark the spot. The tree grew too large for the little graveyard, and was eventually cut down and sold for twelve shillings. But the grave is not uncared for. Some reverent hand has hedged it round with box, and her initials. with her age, eightyeight, and the date, 1742, grow in evergreen letters upon it. The only saying of hers that has come down to us [is] that she enjoyed such contentment and peace that she would not leave her cell and spinning-wheel to be the Queen of England.' BIBLIOGRAPHY. Monthly Magazine, or British Register, vols. xxviii. and xxix., 1809, 1810. The Irish Friend, vol. iii., 1840. The Friend (Lond.), vol. vi., 1848. 178. History of Wisbech, by Gardiner, 1898. Notes and Queries, Oct. 8, 1904. KINGSTON, 4th 60, rate (92382/94)T. John Freame. Built at Bas- (918 67/94 1740. SUCCESS, 24, 6th rate (436)Τ. Hugh Blaydes.* 1741. ADVENTURE, 44, 5th rate (683)Т. H. Blaydes.* 1742. ALDERNEY, 24, 6th rate (504)Т. John Reed. 1743. HECTOR, 44, 5th rate (720)T. Η. Blaydes.* 1744. SHOREHAM, 24, 6th rate (514)Т. John Reed.* 1744. FOWEY, 44, 5th rate (709)T. Hugh Blaydes. * Wrecked in Gulf of Florida, 1748. 1745. RAVEN, 10/14, sloop (273)T. Hugh The Royal Quaker, by Tanqueray, 1904 (a Blaydes. Surrendered in W.I., 1783. work of fiction). James II. and his Wives, by Fea, 1908. The Outlook, Dec. 10, 1910. Modern Society, March 4, 1911. Literary Monthly, Feb., 1913. Quaker Women (1650-1690), by Brailsford, 1915. A drawing by Wm. R. Brown, of Cambridge, of the grave of Jane Stuart may be found in Cambridge and County PortfolioLeaflets of Local Lore." NORMAN PENNEY. 5, Argyll Road, Bournemouth. 1745. GLASGOW, 24, 6th rate (504)T. John Reed. Sold 1756. 1807. EGERIA, 26, 6th rate (424)Τ. Broken up 1864. 1808. GREYHOUND, cutter (154) T., coastguard vessel. 1812. CONFLICT, 12, gun-brig (181)T. Sir Wm. Rule. Was a hulk at Sierra Leone 1774. BOREAS, 28, 6th rate (626)T. Sold 1784. 1807. PORCUPINE, 22, Owen's Yard. 1807. HYPERION, 42, 5th rate (978)T. Gibson's Yard, by Sir J. Henslow. 1807. PROSERPINE, 32. Built at Paul, near Hull, at Steemson's Yard. 1808. OWEN GLENDOWER, 42, 5th rate (951)T. Sir Wm. Rule. Built at Paul, near Hull. 1841. ANSON, 74, 3rd rate (1724)T. Surveyors. Built at Paul, near Hull. 1841. SPEEDWELL, surveying cutter (73)T. Purchased 1841. 1875. MALLARD, 4, single screw, composite gunboat, 455T. 1876. RUBY, 12, single screw, composite corvette, 2120T. Earle's Ship-Building and Engineering Co., Ltd. 1876. TURQUOISE, 12 (as RUBY), 2120)T. 1877. FIRM, 4 (as MALLARD), 455T. 1877. FORESTER, 4 (as MALLARD), 455T. 1878. HUMBER, single screw, iron troopship, 1640T. 15 Dec., 1886. NARCISSus, twin screw, steel cruiser, 5000T. 22 July, 1891. ENDYMION, 12, twin screw, steel cruiser, 7350T. Disposal List 1919. 23 Jan., 1892. ST. GEORGE, 12, twin screw, steel cruiser, 7700T. 1812. CONTEST, 12, gun-brig (180)T. Wrecked on Halifax Station, 14 April, 1828. 1813. PLUMPER, 12, gun-brig (181) Т. Sold about 1840. Sur 1895. SALMON, torpedo boat destroyer. Earle's Ship-Building and Engineering Co. rendered to the Danes in Baltic, 29 June, Earle's Ship-Building and Engineering Co. 1805. CONFLICT, 12, gun-brig (182)T. steel 1804. SAFEGUARD, 12, brig (178)T. 1895. SNAPPER, torpedo boat destroyer. 1811. 1897. PERSEUS, 8, twin screw, cruiser, 2135T. 1897. PROMETHEUS, 8, twin screw, steel Foundered in Bay of Biscay, 9 Nov., 1810. 1806. TARTARUS, 18, fireship. Davy's Yard. cruiser, 2135T. 1898. BULLFINCH, torpedo boat destroyer, 370T. 1898. DOVE, torpedo boat destroyer, 345T. 27. BRIDPORT. 1805. ATTENTIVE, 12, brig (178) T. Taken to pieces, 1812. 1805. LAUREL, 20. Bool's Goode's Yard. 1806. FROLIC, 18, sloop; surrendered to 1806. 1806. CYANE, 20. Bass's Yard. THE real facts appear to be as follows. In the fourteenth century, as I am informed by credible correspondents (who unfortunately give no details), the surname Hugo occurs in Devon, about Exeter, and in the fifteenth century in Cornwall, with "strays" in Wilts; it is possible that the Cornish Hugos came from Devon. The first Cornish Hugo I have myself found is Sir" Richard Hugo (" Higowe "), instituted 1495 Warden of the Chantry of St. Michael the Archangel within the cemetery at St. Austell (Hammond, 'A Cornish Parish, p. 221). The name is frequently found after the introduction of parish registers; I have searched a few, and I find Hugos in the marriage registers (pub. Phillimore) of St. Breage (1584), St. Budock (1677), Constantine (1572-3), St. Ewe (1653-4), St. Gluvias (1677), St. Gorran (1671), Gwennap (1666), St. Martin-inMeneage (1617), St. Mawgan-in-Meneage (1613-4), St. Probus (1662), and Sancreed (1621); other sources give Hugos at St. Austell (1565), at St. Gorran (1583), and at Gwennap (1645), and possibly at Bodmin in 1582. I give only the date of first occurrence. All these-seem to have been related, so that their common Huguenot ancestor must have come over some years before the Reformation movement began; observe how early all these branches separated off. All these dates occur before the Revocation; one is before the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.* Never a hint is to be found of any Huguenot ancestor, never a mention of France. 1685 I have a host of Hugos, all singularly unaware of their French descent; they don't write or speak French, they marry with ،، After Tre, Pol, and Pen,"t and I must admit that they don't seem to be specially notable for that sturdy piety which we have been led to expect of the descendants, in the first generation at least, of the Huguenot exiles. The Hugo parsons seem to have been quite like the normal Hanoverian clergy. Up to 1830 practically all the Hugos in England were to be found in Devon and Cornwall, those in the former county being mostly grouped around Exeter. Those of the latter county were almost all confined to the western half of the south coast of Cornwall, i.e. to the coast-parishes from Black Head point, in St. Austell, to Land's End. I have good reason to believe that most, if not re * I am aware, of course, that the Huguenot emigrations began about 1535. Owing to the lack of parish registers, it would be difficult to discover very many Hugos in Cornwall before that date, but probably further search might show quite a number (possibly traceably related to existing Hugo branches), sufficient at any rate to show that Hugo was quite a Cornish surname before the Reformation. I myself have mentioned above Richard Hugo occurring in 1495, while correspondents tell me that the name occurs even earlier in the Duchy, and in Devonshire. a + And with Slade, Scawen, Drake, Seccombe, Gurney, etc., none of them Huguenot families. was I cannot find that the Hugos, ever in the whole course of their history, married into a single French Protestant family, or even with any person having Huguenot blood through a female line. The only French-sounding name among their marriages up till 1850 Bourchier (Gwennap, 1690). But these were not Huguenots; they may have derived from the Bourchiers, Earls of Ewe and of Bath, Viscounts Bourchier, Barons Bourchier, Berners, Cromwell, and Fitzwarine, who originated in Essex, and who held land before seventeenth century in Wiltshire, Devon, and Cornwall. The principal seat of the Earls of Bath was at Tavistock, Co. Devon, but they also held a moiety of the Manor of Killenick (alias Kelinake, Kelynack, etc.), in St. Just-inPenwith, in Cornwall. They appear in Essex at least as early as 1349. See Dugdale's 'Baronage'; I think that the pedigree can be carried even further back. 1 actually all, of these Hugos were related.* After that period I find Cornish Hugos in other parts of England, e.g. London, Manchester, etc., and in many other parts of the world, e.g. Channel Islands, Canada, U.S.A., New Zealand, Australia, etc.† The principal existing English Hugo families are: (1) The Hugoes (sic) of Veryan, (2) the Hugos of Crediton, and (3) the Hugos of Guernsey. The first is a presumed cadet of St. Just-in-Roseland, perhaps through Hugo of St. Probus. The second derives immediately from Thomas Hugo, surgeon, of Crediton, by his wife, née Jane Arundel (? Arundell) Phillips. § This Thomas derived, I understand, from the Rev. Walter Hugo, Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral, sometime Rector of Michaelstow in Cornwall, who was, as we have seen, probably of the Rosecassa Hugo line. The third family, Hugo of No. 15, Allez Street, St. Peter-Port, Guernsey, C.I., is to be clearly distinguished from the really French Hugos of Hauteville House in St. Peter-Port, derived from the poet, Victor Hugo. There is absolutely no connection of any sort between them. The Hugos of Allez Street came from Cornwall in the person of Samuel Hugo of St. Feock and Truro, who was born about 1802, and left Cornwall in 1840, in which year he settled in Guernsey, sey, and died 22 July, 1855, aged 53, at No. 15, Allez Street, now the property of his grandson, Mr. G. W. J. L. Hugo.|| The said Samuel was younger son * I am alive to the danger of assuming all persons of the same name occurring in adjacent districts to be of one family. But there is some danger in going to the opposite extreme. † For a note on some Hugos of Ireland see 'N. and Q.' clv. 191, et seq. The Hugos of S. Africa seem to be of Dutch origin. Of this family was Luke Hugo, alias Hugoe, of Veryan, who m. 1766 Barbara, dau. and coh. of William Pijlle, alias Pyl, Pyle, Pylle, Capt. R.M. (of a Dutch family), by his wife Anne (wid. of Thos. Tresahar, gent., who d.s.p.), only dau. and h. of Capt. Richard Trevanion, Governor of Pendennis Castle. Tredinnick belonged to (or was a leasehold of) the Trevanions, and came by this marriage to the Hugoes. The grandmother of the poet Byron was a Cornish Trevanion. I believe that some of the Byron family were buried at St. Michael-Caerhayes. § The Temple Hugos of Oxford also derive from this Thomas; they descend from one of his younger sons, William Henry Hugo, L.S.A., who m. 1839 Stowe Margaret, sister of the late Archbishop Temple of Canterbury and dau. of H. E. Major Octavius Temple, Governor of Sierra Leone. My father. (his elder bro. Daniell, or Daniel, from whom Boase may have had some of his details, founded another branch) of Peter Hugo of St. Feock (d. 1821, aged 75), by his wife Mary, wid. of John Daniell, alias Daniel, and sister of Andrew Nicholas, Capt. R.N. Peter Hugo was 3rd son (? and eventual heir male) of George Hugo (the 1st given by Boase), apparently son of Peter Hugo of St. Feock, an executor in 1714, who died in 1774. They were a long-lived family. As we have seen, these Hugos may have derived from those of Rosecassa in St. Just-in-Roseland. Most of the scattered Hugos of England and the Empire can be traced back to Cornwall and Devon. I am, of course, aware that there are now settled in the British Dominions, several French, German, and Dutch Hugos (there were Hugos in the King's German Legion, temp. Geo. III, but I have no evidence to show that they settled in England), but I feel sure that it would be rather an exception to be able to prove any Hugo in England to be of foreign male-line descent. con I admit that the Hugo arms are distinctly foreign in type (Burke blazons them, “Az., on a bend engr. ar. three trees eradicated vert."). But I cannot find them in tinental armouries for the very good reason that they are thoroughly English. The trees are yew-trees, a punning allusion to the surname Hugo, an allusion which does not occur if the arms are blazoned in French (I credit my readers with knowing that a yew-tree is un if" in French). Even to a Frenchman who knows English the sound of the word yew " is quite unlike the sound of the surname Hugo" pronounced in the French manner. The crest (A lion ramp. ppr. holding in the dexter paw a standard ar., charged with a cross gu.) looks quite English-the lion with the cross of St. George. Only the motto (Pro cruce fero) could possibly refer to Huguenot descent. I find various Hugos in Normandy before the loss of that Duchy (1204) and a few later. The first occurs, if I remember rightly, in 1189. The most interesting is Sabina, wife of William Hugo of the parish of Ste. Marie at Flottemanville-au-Bocage, near Valognes (? fl. circ. 1250-1300), who, being deaf and dumb, was miraculously cured ('Vita et Miracula Beati Thomse Heliæ, auctore Clemente,' in 'Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France,' vol. xxiii., p. 564, par. K). Some of these Hugos held land by knight-service. The first Hugos in England seem to occur in 1272 in the Rot. Hundredorum (see The Norman People,' not, however, a very reliable work*). I have found no evidence of any connection between the English and Norman Hugos. Of course, many of the Conqueror's companions retained their Norman lands after 1066, and their descendants are therefore found with lands on both sides of the Channel until 1204. If it could be shown that the direct ancestors of the Cornish Hugos were before 1204 tenants on the lands of an_English baron on whose Norman lands were Hugo tenants, then perhaps we might justifiably conclude that the Cornish Hugos were of Norman origin. Up to now I have no evidence of any such thing. An added difficulty would be that surnames were not finally fixed till later than 1204. Even if we found a Peter Hugo holding land in Devon under a Courtenay, say, and a Peter Hugo holding land at the same date in Normandy under the same lord, I should feel rather chary of immediately hailing the two as relatives; it might be that the Norman Peter Hugo was merely Peter son of Hugh," and possibly his son Ralph would appear as "Radulphus ،، fil. Petri." ،، ،، same Hugh or Hugo is a very fashionable Christian name about 1250-1300, which, note well, is just when surnames are becoming fixed in all classes. It is agreed that the great advantage of fixed surnames was the distinction they drew between persons of the Christian names.* About 1270 there must have been hundreds of Englishmen named John, whose fathers had borne the name Hugh. To dub these all John Hugo would have defeated the very raison d'être of a surname. Only in exceptional circumstances would it have been a distinction at this period to bear the surname Hugo, so that when surnames were becoming fixed this surname would not be bestowed. In fact, I find only three persons of the name at this period. See 'Rot. Hundredorum,' quoted above. Perhaps, as the mixture of Saxon and French, now called the English language, gradually became the ordinary speech of all classes, the Norman-Latin form Hugo was regarded as a little foreign, for I find the surnames from this root occurring in the forms Higgins, Huggins, Hutchins, Hutchinson, etc., etc. Hugo remained a rare surname in England, so rare indeed that an average Englishman sets every Hugo down as a Frenchman. Only in Cornwall is the name Hugo not regarded as foreign. ،، دو F. H. M. HUGO. 15, Allez Street, Guernsey, C.I. air Paradoxical as it seems, the reason why the surname Hugo is so rare in this country is probably the fact that the Christian name Hugh was once very common. Many of William I.'s companions bore the name Hugh; one out of every eleven persons commemorated on the monument to them at Dives bears it (the Herald and Genealogist, vol. i., pp. 193-208, prints with comments this list of the reputed companions.”) But the name Hugh goes out somewhat among the landed classes by 1200-30. In the same century the reputation of St. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln (b. in Burgundy, circ. 1140, d. 1200), and the (very doubtful) story of the child-saint, Hugh of Lincoln (d. 1255), himself probably named after the Bishop, popularised the name Hugh among the Saxon elements. The Welsh found Hugh sufficiently like Hu," while the Scots adopted Hugh as an anglicised version of the Gaelic Aodh," surnames in the early Tudor period. "Aiodh"; besides THE FRIEND SHIP. The nautical of the Embankment is increased by the or * This does not apply to Wales, where legal means were applied to make the Welsh take The measure was intended to break down the difference between Welshmen and Englishmen. The same attack on national sentiment caused similar enactments to be passed concerning the Irish aborigines. Why the surname "Hugo" is rare in Wales, in spite of the fact that the Christian name Hugh is frequently found there, is probably because the Welsh adopted fixed surnames at a time when most legal documents were being written in English. "Evan ap Hugh is therefore set down as Evan Hughes, or Evan Pugh. " |