adaptation of the Renaissance was erected on St. Denis Street out of the large funds of the seminary. The first floor is occupied by the law faculty, the second by the faculty of medicine. This faculty was formed by an amalgamation in 1891 with the Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery, which had existed since 1843. It is attended by 300 students.

The Seminary of St. Sulpice undertakes the theological teaching for the Montreal branch of Laval University, and a portion of the work in arts. Its buildings extend from Sherbrooke Street up the slope of the mountain and include the grand seminary and the Seminary of Philosophy. There are more than 600 students in residence with 40 professors. Two towers, the remains of the fort constructed in 1671, still stand in front of the seminary.

St. Mary's College is conducted by the Jesuits and adjoins the Church of the Gesu on Bleury Street. Here 1,200 students are assembled and receive an excellent training in classics. The Sisters of the Congregation of Notre Dame was established in 1653. These ladies have 91 educational establishments in Canada and the United States with a thousand nuns and over thirty thousand pupils. The mother house, Villa Maria, was burned in 1895, but it is now being replaced on a new site.

The Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary inhabit the Hochelaga Convent for a mother house. They have thirty-six minor houses in which 10,000 children are taught.

Hospitals.-The Hotel Dieu, 275 beds, founded in 1643, occupies a pile of buildings erected in 1859. During the Iroquois wars and ever since this hospital has done good service. It is attended by the surgeons of Laval.

The Montreal General Hospital was founded in 1819, and opened in 1822. During the year 1903 indoor patients to the number of 3,066 were treated; in the outdoor department there 35,984 consultations. There were 238 deaths, a mortality of 7.7 per cent. The ordinary expenditure was $105.453.

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The Royal Victoria Hospital was founded, erected and endowed between 1888 and 1893 by Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal and Baron Mount-Stephen. In 1903 there were admitted 2,931 patients, and 23.638 consultations were given in the outdoor department. There were 142 deaths, a mortality of 4.88 per cent. The ordinary expenditure was $120.419. The cost per patient per day was $1.61, and the total number of hospital days, 74,835.

Other hospitals are the Notre Dame with 125 beds, which is now erecting new buildings with accommodation for contagious cases, the Western General Hospital with 40 beds, and the enormous hospital of the Soeurs Grises for foundlings and the aged infirm. The "Alexandra Hospital for contagious diseases is being erected by the Protestant community at a cost of $200,000.

Other public buildings are: the City-hall, an imitation of the Hotel de Ville in Paris; the Court-house, in a classical style with a dome; the Art Gallery, with some good pictures but not equalling those held in private collections; the Fraser Public Library with 30,000 volumes; the Canadian Pacific Railway Station, a fine castellated structure. Many of the private residences are fine, and the general material of con

struction being gray limestone gives to the city an appearance of dignity.

Navigation and Trade.- Montreal stands at the head of ocean navigation and a channel of at least 30 feet in depth extends to the sea. Twenty-nine per cent of the exports of Canada, and 32 per cent of the imports come through Montreal. As a grain-shipping port, Montreal, during the season of 1903, ranked third on the continent, its exports of grain being exceeded only by those of New York and New Orleans. Large new docks, elevators and freight sheds are now under construction at a cost of $8,000,000. In 1903 navigation opened on the 12th of April and closed on 28 November. The number of sea-going vessels was 802 with a tonnage of 1,890,904. The inland vessels numbered 15,338 with a tonnage of 2,415,791. The exports included 25.497,707 bushels of grain, 2,389,848 boxes of cheese, 225,486,695 feet of lumber, and 147,216 cattle. The value of the merchandise entered for export was $70,937,510, and for import $78,527,078. The customs dues were $12,538,189.

Montreal is the banking centre for Canada. There are 34 banks in Canada, many of which have their head offices in Montreal and nearly all have branches. On the 31st of August 1904 these banks had on deposit $467,697,996. The total capital was $100,546,666; the reserve $52,320,981 and the notes in circulation $60,227,074. The total clearing of the banks in Montreal for the year 1903 was $1,113.978,000. The highest for one day, 12 June, being $7,008,196.

The Grand Trunk Railway with a mileage of 4,177 miles, and the Canadian Pacific, with 10,158 miles, have their headquarters in Montreal with general offices and large works. Twobridges span the St. Lawrence. The Victoria Bridge, 134 miles long, tubular, costing $6,300,000, was designed by Robert Stephenson, and the work was inaugurated by the Prince of Wales in 1860. It was long regarded as one of the engineering feats of the world, but in 1898. it was converted into a structure more suitable for modern needs with two tracks, a driveway, and foot-path. The Canadian Pacific railway bridge, light and graceful, crosses the river at Lachine. It is built on the cantilever principle, and has two spans each 408 feet long.

The population of Montreal, according to the census of 1901 was 266,826. Including residents in the suburbs, it is now estimated at 373,000, of which 225,000 are French. There are approximately 50,000 dwellings.

The civic income in 1903 was $3.554.428. Interest charges required $1,089,531; schools $355,ooo, and the general administration $2.401,843. In addition there was a water tax amounting to $707,694. The water service is expensive and antiquated and the insurance rates are high in consequence. The assessment of property for 1904-05 amounts to $206,856,475 and the revenue is derived from a rate of 1 per cent, with two fifths of I per cent for Protestant school purposes, 14 per cent only is paid by Catholics for their schools.

The public schools are controlled by boards of commissioners, one for Catholics and one for Protestants. These are elected by the legislature and the city council. The schools are in the main effective, though the commissioners. are chiefly clergymen, and education is free.