MICHIGAN CITY-MICHOACAN

ing is the Chinese government exhibit at the New Orleans Exposition, presented to the University in 1885. The general library in 1903 numbered over 130,000 volumes, not including pamphlets; special libraries aiso belonging to the University are the medical library (12,000 volumes), the law library (19,600 volumes), the homeopathic library, and the dental library; of these, the two medical libraries are shelved in the general library building; the other two are in the buildings of their respective departments. The main observatory, erected by the citizens of Detroit and known as the Detroit Observatory, contains a meridian circle constructed by Pistor and Martins of Berlin, and a refracting telescope with an object-glass of 13 inches diameter; there is also a small observatory near this main building, containing a 6-inch equatorial telescope. Two hospitals are connected with the University, one under the direction of the Department of Medicine and Surgery, the other under the charge of the Homeopathic Medical College; with each of these is connected a training school for nurses. Ample provision is made for physical culture and athletics; besides the two well-equipped gymnasiums, already mentioned, there is an athletic field of 30 acres; the general supervision of athletic sports is vested in a board of control of nine members, on which the faculty is represented by five members chosen from the University senate, and the students by four members chosen by the directors of the Students' Athletic Association. Important among student organizations is the University Oratorical Association, established by the students of the Department of Literature, Science and Art to foster an interest in oratory and debate; this association is affiliated with , the Northern Oratorical League, composed of similar associations of the universities of Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Chicago, and Oberlin College and Northwestern University; and with the Central Debating League, in which the universities of Chicago and Wisconsin, and Northwestern University are also represented. In 1903 the total income was $741,000, including the State appropriation; the fees to students are small, being somewhat less for residents of the State than for non-residents. In 1903 the number of students was 5.383; not including the pupils who attended the summer session. The president is H. B. Hutchins.

administrative officials are elected by the council or appointed by the mayor subject to the approval of the council. The waterworks are owned and operated by the city. Pop. (1890) 10.776; (1900) 14,850; (1910) 19,027.

Michigan College of Mines, at Houghton 1885 and opened in 1886. The school is located (q.v.) in the State of Michigan, was founded in in the midst of the mining region of the State, thus giving the students exceptional opportunities for observation and study. Practical work in mine surveying and mining is carried on for five weeks, forty-five hours each week. The mapping a mine in the "copper country" or in first two weeks are devoted to surveying and the iron mining district; the last three weeks are given to the examination of mining methods, and to making sketches of mines in the vicinity. The courses of study lead to the degrees of Bachelor of Science and Engineer of Mines.

The school is well equipped with all neceslaboratory is a brick building; and the oresary apparatus. The metallurgical and assay dressing building, or stamp mill, is a wooden building. A reverberatory roasting furnace stands near the mill.

Michigan State Agricultural College, chartered in 1855, and opened in 1857, situated at Lansing. It was the first institution for agricultural education established in the United States. The Michigan State constitution provided that "The legislature shall as soon as practicable provide for the establishment of an agricultural school." In 1850 the legislature petitioned Congress for a grant of land for an agricultural college within the State, but no attention was paid to this petition. In 1855, however, the legislature appropriated land and money for such a college, and located it on a farm of 684 acres. From that time until 1862 the college was supported by State appropriations; and in that year received control of the Federal land grant. The courses offered in the college include the full four years' courses in agriculture, mechanical engineering, and domestic science; and short courses (varying from four to twelve weeks) in chemistry, beet sugar production, cheese making, dairy husbandry, creamery management, live-stock husbandry, and fruit culture; graduate work is also provided for. The college organizes Farmers' Institutes throughout the State, which are under the supervision of memMichigan City, Ind., city in Laporte bers of the faculty; in 1901, 204 institutes, with County; on Lake Michigan, and on the Chicago, an attendance of 84,780, were held. The experiI. & L., the Michigan C., and the Lake E. & W. ment station is also connected with the college, R.R.'s; about 40 miles east of Chicago. The and receives a separate Federal appropriation of place was visited frequently in the 18th century $15,000 annually. Women are admitted to all by missionaries, explorers, and traders, but the courses, but form a small proportion of the first permanent settlement was made in 1833. graduates. The farm consists of about 684 The incorporation was made in 1837. It has exacres, and the buildings are valued at $440,000. cellent transportation facilities which contribute The library in 1910 contained 33.000 volumes. to its commercial and industrial growth. Its The income for that year was $450,000; the chief manufactures are hosiery, knit underwear, students numbered 1,500, and the faculty 110. chairs, lumber, railroad cars, and furniture. It has a large trade in iron ore, salt, lumber, and farm products. It has the Northern Indiana State Prison, a United States life-saving station, and on the lake front a park. Its educational in stitutions are a high school, public and parish schools, and a public library.

The city is governed under a charter of 1867, since amended, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a common council. The

Michipicoten, mish-ě-pě-kō'těn a bay in the western part of the province of Ontario, in Canada. It is an arm of Lake Superior, on the northeast shore; about 100 miles north of Sault Ste. Marie. At the entrance to the bay is Michipicoten Island.

Michoacan, mē-chō-ä-kän', Mexico, a state, on the Pacific Ocean; bounded on the north by the states of Guanajuato and Jalisco,