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REVIEW.-The Teacher's Manual, or Hints to a Teacher on being appointed to the Charge of a Sunday School Class. By W. F. Lloyd. 12mo. pp. 140. London. Offor, 44, Newgate-street. 1824.

ON a former occasion, when a production of Mr. Lloyd's pen fell under our notice, we perused it with much pleasure; and, under the dictates of justice, spoke favourably of his work. The reappearance of his name therefore excited expectations, which an examination of the present volume has not disappointed."

mortally wounded, and little hope is entertained of his recovery. Do not, however, my dear sir, totally despair, for while there is breath, there is hope, and He "in whose hands are the issues of life," can again restore him from his distressing situation. I could have wished to say something more satisfactory respecting the feelings of his mind; but I know, that with God all things are possible, and his grace can afford consolation and hope, in the departing moments of the guiltiest sinner. That such may be the case in the present instance, and that he who is "the consolation of Israel," may support you and your family under this afflicting dispensation, is the fervent prayer of your's, with the sincerest sympathy,

Mr. Lloyd's grand aim is, to make his pupils Christians, that they may become valuable members of civil society, teaching them at once to discharge their duty to God, and to all mankind. He seems well aware that unless the mind be seized at an early" period, and cultivated with care, it will be pre-occupied with noxious weeds, which will produce a poisonous crop.

In giving directions to the junior teachers, for whose use this book is principally designed, he points out the importance of the work in which they are engaged, without concealing from their view the difficulties they will have to encounter, and the patience, diligence, and perseverance that will be required. The book contains much wholesome advice, that may be well worth the attention of numerous teachers who have been long in office; and abounds in precepts, which, if reduced to general practice, would greatly improve our Sunday schools.

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"T- Aug. 22, 1821.

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"T. D. FOWLER, "Clergyman of the parish. To G. Brampton, Esq."

When I had read through the letter, I stood "wrapped in dismal thinkings," till the tremulous voice of the afflicted father roused me from my stupor. Oh, my dear young friend," he exclaimed, " to have parted with my child under any circumstances, would have been a trial, a great trial, but for him to die an infidel, a blasphemer, the victim of his own wickedness, Oh, it is too much, 'tis too much." As he uttered these words, he fell back in his chair, deprived for a while of sense and animation. The usual remedies in such cases, were, however, beneficial, and when again recovered to a consciousness of grief, his mind appeared to be more composed, and better capacitated, to confer with me, as to what steps were most proper to be taken.

I advised him at first not to go; but advice to a parent in such a case, can have but little effect. He resolved upon going, and I determined to accompany him. Accordingly, on the following day, we started by the first stage, about 2 o'clock, p. movi

19251 25ato "MY DEAR SIR, WITH the tenderest sympathy, and the sincerest regret, it is now my painful duty to acquaint you with a circumstance, which must be productive of that intensity of anguish, only It was a beautiful afternoon, not san affectionate parent in similar cir- a cloud floated across the azure vault, cumstances can experience. Cap-not a breeze ruffled the serenity of tain Brampton, your son, has been the atmosphere-nature was clothed detected in an affair of honour, for in her loveliest dress, and the "ruler which, by the aggrieved party, he was of the day" appeared to shed upon the bsummoned to atone upon the field scenery through which we passed, the challenge was accepted the duel which was interesting, fertile, and fought and the melancholy conse-delightful, as more s than ordinary quence is, that your son has been glow but before we reached T,

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the sun had withdrawn his rays,→→→ the harmony of the birds was still,nature was sunk into repose, and we could say with a noble, but, alas! unprincipled poet,

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a paler shadow strews Its mantle o'er the mountains; parting day Dies like the dolphin, whom each pang imbues With a new colour as it gasps away, The last still loveliest,-till-'tis gone, and all is gray."

"This will not do for me,-I am lost,-lost for ever. You may find comfort in such promises as these.**** but I cannot: you have never denied his existence, never trifled with his majesty,-never blasphemed his holiness,-never laughed at his vengeance,-never defied his power; but I have; yes, I have, and can there be mercy for me? no! there is none.→→

none,-none."

Do not, my dear George, for your own sake,-for your friends' sake, "For my friends' sake? I have no friend, not one."

"My father! my injured, my neg lected father, he my friend? noimpossible."

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Immediately upon our arrival, we repaired to the tavern, whither Captain Brampton had been conveyed. and found that the worthy clergyman had by no means exaggerated the Yes, you have many friends.➡I am mournful tale. The ball had perfo- your friend, your father is your rated the left breast, below the peri- | friend,cardium, and passing through the lungs, had lodged in the integuments of the back; and such was his extreme weakness, that its extraction was altogether impracticable; but acute as were the sufferings of his body, the anguish that filled his soul was infinitely more so: and a convic-ness and his blessing. tion of his guilt, arriving too late to produce a salutary repentance, only served to fill him with horror and despair.

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“Oh, do not say so,-do not say so, what, not too great for God to pardon? you mock me."

No, my dear George, I do not mock you; the Bible assures us, that all who seek shall find, and that Jesus Christ died for the chief of sinners. "But not for me, no, there is no hope, no mercy, no salvation for me." Do you doubt then the goodness of God? is he not able to save unto the very uttermost? will he not have all men to be saved? yns to abs

Yes, he is your friend, and longs to see you, that he

"To see me ! what to curse me?” i No, but to grant you his forgive

Here I rang the bell, and the agi tated father shortly entered.

'My son, my son !' he exclaimed, as he tottered to the bed.

"Father!" screamed the dying youth, but the effort was too great, and he fainted as the words were pro ceeding from his lips. Soon, how ever, suspended animation returned, and with it all the horrors of his mind. 6 bre

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"My child,' cried the afflicted pa rent, look at me,-speak to me, I cannot bear to see you thus. God will have mercy on you, if you seek it."art

"Oh, you tell me so, but he cannot -he cannot."

'He can, my dear George, indeed he can, he will pardon the vilest, the guiltiest, the most hardened of sinners.'

"Ah, but I am viler than the vilest, -guiltier than the guiltiest,→→more hardened than the very rocks,—and can can there be mercy for me? no, -no."

Mr. Fowler the clergyman now entered the room, and endeavoured to afford some consolation to the dying man. 4ubai 27 des

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"Why, my friend,' he said, why will you refuse to lay the burden of your sins upon the Saviour? did he not die for sinners? did he not pur chase salvation for sinners, even the chief of sinners ??

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"Candevils obtain mercy? can they ever be saved?-but I am worse than they; they never had the opportunities that I have had,-never abused the mercies that I have abused. Oh, do not do not torment me,the hand of God lies heavy on me, the flames of hell flash before my face. Oh, eternity-eternity."

Here his agitation was so extreme, as to shake the bed upon which he lay, and shortly afterwards he became insensible; his eyes rolled in all the frenzy of despair, his bosom was convulsed with unutterable anguish; -on his distorted countenance was seen the ghastly hue of death;-and the moment was evidently near, when the last solar ray would dawn upon his view, and the brittle thread of life would be separated for ever. When sense and feeling re-assumed their seat, it was only to aggravate his misery, and fill him with a more agonizing despair. His ravings were now too horrific to imagine or describe, and as eternity was bursting on his affrighted view, no ray of hope cheer ed him in the awful moment, or irra diated the fearful gloom which filled his departing soul.

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off Die, what die !no, I cannot, I cannot,-save me-save me,-will none of you save me,→see there he is! Oh, he grasps me he grasps me there, there! I am sinking to hell -to flames-to damnation." These words were attended with a groan so terrible, as to make every hearer tremble; and all involuntarily turned to the dying sufferer, but the throb bing breast was still, the rolling eyeballs fixed, the fleeting breath had issued from its vital residence, and his deathless spirit had fled to the awful tribunal of his Creator and his Judge.

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MR. EDITOR

SIR,-Having now before me more than thirty English Grammars, written by different men, I find that Dr. Ash, Dr. Lowth, Dr. Priestley, Mr. Angus, Mr. Blair, Mr. Fenning, Mr. Knowles, Mr. A. Murray, Mr. L. Murray, Mr. John Taylor, Mr. Lennie, and Mr. Wilson's Grammars, have this rule in them, "The active participle, with the article THE before it, becomes a noun, and must have the preposition of after it, or both THE and of must be left out." Sir, why must we not use the article without the preposition, nor the preposition without the article? Perhaps some grammarian will answer this question. Example. “The sum of the moral law consists in THE OBEY ING OF God, and in THE LOVING OF our neighbour as ourselves.” “The sum of the moral law consists IN OBEY ING God, and IN LOVING our neighbour as ourselves." (These, and all similar forms of construction, cannot, without the admission of gerund, be ever reducible to rule.) OBEYING and LOVING, in either form, are GERUNDS or VERBAL NOUNS, distinguished by the sense, and a preposition prefixed to them,

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Mr. A. Murray, in his Grammar, p. 52, says, it would be wrong to write thus: THE OBEYING God-or LOVING of our neighbour: but he does not tell me WHY.

Gerund, which, in English, has the same formation as the present active participle, is an inflexion of the verb, by which we describe a sort of transi tory meaning to that of the principal verb, with which it is connected ; as, From knowing distress ourselves, we learn to pity others, we clearly perceive that the word knowing, expresses only an unfixed kind of import dependent o Reader, wouldst thou escape such on the verb learn, and without which an end? then avoid the causes that it can have no precise signification. led to it; and, oh, never forget that Note, that gerund is not susceptible of religion only can support thee in the either gender or number, neither does trials, preserve thee in the temptait admit of any kind of change in its

termination. It governs the possessive and objective cases, and to distinguish it from the present participle, we have only to observe that it is always preceded by a preposition either expressed or understood.

Mr. James Giles, in his English Parsing, page 61; Mr. A. Murray, in his Grammar, page 68; and Mr. L. Murray, in his Grammar, page 155, rule 14, call hearing a participle in this sentence; I am weary with HEARING him. If hearing be a participle, what does the preposition with govern? Where is their authority for this expression? L. Murray, A. Murray, J. Knowles, Dr. Ash, R. Harrison, and E. Devis, call writing a participle, in this sentence: I am writing a letter. Writing in this sentence is not a participle, it is an active verb; for Am, joined to the perfect participle, makes a passive verb; this I believe all grammarians allow; if so, I say that Am, joined to the active participle, makes an ACTIVE VERB. Am writing agrees with its N. c. I, in number and person: and am writing governs the noun letter in the o. c. the same as all other active verbs govern the o.c. It may be asked, Where is your authority? See Mr. Wiseman's Grammar, pages 185 and 228. 201

PARSING.

Anoun may, in general, be distinguished by its taking an article before it.

A is an indefinite article-noun is a noun, 3d. p. s. n. neuter gender, N. c. to the verb may be distinguished-may be distinguished is a regular passive verb, in the potential mood, p. t. 3d. p., s. n. agreeing with its N. c. noun. In general is an adverbial phrase. By is a preposition. Its is a pronoun, 3d. P., s. n., neuter gender, in the possessive case, governed by the verbal noun or gerund, taking. Rule. A participle, with a preposition before it, and still retaining its government, answers to what is called in Latin the gerund: Dr. Lowth. A gerund, says Dr. Johnson, is a kind of verbal noun.-Gerunds are a sort of nouns expressing the

action of the verb in general, or in the abstract: Mr. T. Buddiman's Latin grammar, p. 68. Gerunds, says Mr. Ward, are verbal nouns ending in ing. Taking is a verbal noun, in the objective case, governed by the preposition by. An is an indefinite article. Article is a noun, 3d. p., s. n., neuter gender, in the o. c. governed by the verbal noun, taking. Rule. Sometimes the active participle becomes a verbal noun, governing the possessive case; and at the same time it governs the objective case; as, "Much depends on John's observing the rule, and error will be the consequence of his neglecting it." In this sentence, the words John's and his are in the pos sessive case, governed by the parti ciples observing and neglecting; while these participles, having here every character of a noun, admit the objec tive case after them: Dr. Crombie.

Rule. No part of speech governs the possessive case, but nouns, or words and phrases which operate as nouns.-Mr. John Taylor's Gr. p. 99. That these participial words are some times real nouns is undeniable.-Dr. Louth: see my Gr. p. 94. Before is a prep.-it is a personal pronoun, 3d p., s. n,, neuter gender, o. C., govern→ ed by before.

7- .ds

For yourselves know perfectly, that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night.

1 zeleni For is a copulative conjunction yourselves is an emphatic personal pro noun, 3d p., pl. n., mas. gen., N. c. to the verb know-know is a neuter verb, ind. mood, p. t., 3d p., pl. n., because its N. c. is plural-perfectly is an ad verb of quality that is a conjunction

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the day of the Lord is the N. c. to the verb cometh-of the Lord is an inseparable adjunct to the noun day. The adjuncts of a noun are adjectives, ge= nitives, words in opposition, and rela tive clauses-so is an adverb cometh is a neuter verb, ind. mood, p. t., 3d p., agreeing with its N. c. in number and person as is a comparative a is an indefinite article thief is a common regular noun, 3d p., s. n., mon gender of two, N. c. to the verb cometh, understood; as, "For yourselves know perfectly, that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief cometh in the night.” In the night is an ad

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*We may remark their difference, in the active voice also, by using them both with the same verb; as, I saw him GOING home; I saw him IN GOING home; where, in the first instance, the participle implies a reference to the third person, him, that is, he was going home when I saw him; in the second, the gerund evi-verbial phrase, shewing the manner of dently denotes a relation to the first person, I, coming. The adjuncts of a verb are that is, I was going home when I saw him infinitives and adverbs. The primary

that gentleman was really the author of Junius. M. Henrichs should have stated the particu lars of this supposed proof.

adjuncts belong to a noun or a verb; secondary, to an adjective or an adverb. Prepositions and their cases deAncient Literary Manuscript.-A few months pend sometimes on the principal since, Dr. Goering published at Lubeck an words in a sentence, and sometimes account containing some very curious partion their adjuncts; as, I saw him in culars respecting an old manuscript, in which London. Habits formed in youth, acwere found extracts from the Letters of Senacompany us through life. The butter-a, from the Ten Books of Diogenes Laertins, and from the Institutes of Justinian. This

fly, child of the summer, flutters in the sun. Happily for us, she escaped.

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manuscript is now in the library at Magdeburg.

Literary Curiosity-One of the passengers just arrived in the Lord Castlereagh East In diaman has brought with him a translation of the New Testament in the Chinese language, written or engraved on slips of the leaf of plant or tree, strung together.

Scientific.

Longitude. The board of longitude has voted the sum of £500 to Mr. Peter Barlow, for his simple invention for correcting the lo cal attraction of ships. It consists of a plate of iron abaft the compass, which being regulated so as to correct the effects of the ship in any one place, does the same in all places. This mode of avoiding error must be of incalculable value to navigation.

The Fine Arts in America.-Colonel Trumball, who was employed by the Congress of the United States to paint four large pictures, commemorating the principal events of the American Revolution, has just finished his fourth composition. It represents Washington returning his military commission to the Congress assembled at Annapolis, on the 23d of December, 1783.

Trial of Mr. Smith, in Demerara.-Since the first article in this number has been in the press, we have perused with much attention the trial of this unfortunate victim, printed by order of the House of Commons. The whole process is calculated to excite an interest, which can only be equalled by the dissatisfaction and disgust which the result occasions. It places colonial justice in a conspicuous light, and fully confirms the opinion which the friends of humanity have long entertained, respecting the genuine character of slavery. We learn also from its perusal, that to look with commiseration on the degraded condition of the unhappy Africans, and to sympathize with them in their distress, is an approximation to high treason, for which the life of the transgressor must atone. On the reign of terror in France, and on the horror of the inquisition, we have been long taught to look with Gaseous Baths The French and German abhorrence, as the two greatest evils that ever physicians are adopting this remedy in all afflicted mankind under the forms of law. cases of diseases of the skin, and all chronic With these we may now associate the ad- affections; and by their example, baths of a ministration of criminal justice in some of our similar nature have been recently established insular possessions. This triad will hence- by an eminent surgeon in Bury-street, St. forward furnish a subject of comparison, to il- James's. It proceeds upon the principle of lustrate any proceedings that are cruel and administering medicine of many sorts, but parvindictive. These objects, like buoys dyed in ticularly chlorine, mercury, sulphur, and opium, will float on the stream of time, to through the pores of the skin; and, no doubt, rn future generations by the memorials with more safety and expedition than through which they sustain; and when any thing, ap- the medium of the stomach. pearing unattainable, consigns expectation to despair, the climax of description may be furnished by saying: We might as well expect humanity from Robespierre, mercy from the inquisition, or justice from Demerara.

Mrs. SMITH and Mrs. ELLIOT have just arrived in London. The former has barely escaped with life, being almost worn to a skeleton. The account she gives of the treatment her husband received, is truly tragical.

Education. A free day school is shortly about to be established, under the sanction of many respectable ministers, for the sons of seamen, watermen, lightermen, and others intended for the sea service; in the neighbour, hood of St. Catherine's, London.

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Palm-oil Gas.-We understand the result of a late trial made with the palm oil for obtaining gas has been most satisfactory. The gaseous product is rather greater than that from whale oil, and the quality quite equal or superior. As this oil is a vegetable substance, and could, it is believed, be procured in any quantity at the present price, if a certain demand existed, it may be considered as affording a complete security against those occasional fluctuations in the price of whale oil, which it was thought would operate injuriously on oil-gas establish ments.

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Damp Detector-An ingenious little instrument, under this name, which denotes its use, has been invented by Mr. Essex. It of a small ivory box, about an inchie ter, in which is a needle turning on a pivot, like the small pocket compasses. Being set to zero, it either proceeds or recedes, as the surrounding atmosphere is moist or dry. Thus the state of the atmosphere may be ascertained by invalids; but, perhaps, the greatest utility of the instrument can be experienced by travellers, since, by placing it for only a few

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