diate control over this important and deeply interesting subject; yet the expression of its opinions and views by the legislature of a state to the Congress of the United States, in relation to the great measures of national policy depending before that body, will not fail to command a respectful attention, and be received with that deference which is due from the national government to the interests and wants of one of its constituent members. There are, however, other branches of productive industry, which properly fall within the scope of the municipal regulations of the state governments, and over which a salutary influence may be shed by legis. lative enactments, tending to protect those engaged in them against imposition and loss, and to ensure to their labour its legitimate return; such are some of the mechanic arts and other branches of business pursued by the working classes, immediately connected with them. Every legislative enactment, having for its object, to foster and encourage this useful and valuable portion of our citizens, is an incentive to a laudable emulation to excel in every species of industry embraced within its provisions; and it is a duty of the first obligation im posed upon those entrusted with the administration of Government, to infuse into the ranks of industry, a spirit of filial confidence, that their interests will not be treated with indifference and neglect by those who are bound to protect them, and to furnish the assurance, that they, too, are objects of the care and solicitude of those who emphatically are the guardians of the people's rights. veloping themselves, cannot be made available to their possessors, or to add to the general wealth and prosperity of the community, without the aid of such artificial commmunications, as will facilitate their transportation and conveyance from the places where they are produced or deposited, to such points and places where they may be profitably converted and disposed of to the uses for, which God and Nature have designed them.But to open such communications must be the work of time, to enable our citizens to reap the golden harvest, anticipated, we must not suffer our impatience to force us into measures which in the end may greatly retard, if not entirely defeat the object we have so much at heart -by attempting too much we shall only embarrass our operations, and protract the accomplishment of our designs; the credit of the state and the public confidence in its ability to meet its engagements must keep pace with the spirit of improvement to ensure it success; should these fail, the system itself must sink-against such a state of things it is our duty to guard. As a real friend to a system of internal improvement such as I have described; as one to whom the character as well as the prosperity of the state, and the comforts and conveniencies of all its citizens cannot fail to be subjects of the deepest solicitude and concern, I would take occasion respectfully to suggest, whether we would not be more likely to ensure success to the system itself, by confining, for the present, all our energies as well as all the means of the state to the works already commenced, and to the gradual extension of such as require to be extended to answer their original design or to render It will not be expected, that, on an occasion such as them useful and profitable to the public; thereby en- the present, any thing should be said in reference to suring their speedy completion and securing to the the state of the commonwealth, or the measures to be treasury an additional source of revenue which will re-submitted to the deliberations of the legislature during lieve it from embarrassment, inspire confidence in its the present session; the message of my respected preresources, and give a new impetus to the public mind decessor has presented both in detail. But I would call and feelings in favor of commencing and conducting to the attention of that portion of my fellow citizens, who successful completion, hereafter, other important ob- compose the legislative branch of the government, to jects of enterprize and public utility. one or two topics, the first of which, it seems to me, To aid, encourage, and protect agriculture, comno executive magistrate can abstain from pressing on merce, and manufactures, the three important branches the attention of the legislature, without being justly of our national industry, as well as the great sources of chargeable with a culpable neglect of duty; I mean that wealth and prosperity to our citizens, and, I may add, clause of the constitution which enjoins that "the legisof real independence to our common country, are lature shall as soon as conveniently may be, provide by powers to be exercised exclusively by Congress, and law for the establishment of schools throughout the with that care and caution which shall secure to the state, in such manner that the poor may be taught gratone, equal advantages with the other. It cannot be is," an injunction which I trust no statesman will disredenied, however, that the latter branch of our industry, gard, or philanthropist treat with neglect. This call and which is of vital importance to the people of Penn has been so frequently made by the eminent statesmen sylvania, is still in a great measure in its infancy, and who have preceded me in the executive department of requires the artificial stimulus of legislation, to bring it this government, that I fear a repetition of it now, will to that state of perfection in which it may take its rank be considered as forming a subject too stale and hackin point of prosperity with, and contribute to the suc- neyed to be productive of any beneficial effects; but as cessful advancement of the other two. It is believed some of those calls have heretofore produced favorable that the late act of Congress, “in alteration of the se- results, may I not be permitted to indulge the hope, that veral acts, imposing duties on imports" has gone far to the enlightened body, I am now addressing, will turn produce the result desired; the efficacy of the provi- their attention to the injunction itself as being one, sions of the act just mentioned to give vigor and perma- which considering the high source from which it emanency to our manufacturing establishments, will soon nates, is entitled to their unqualified deference and res be fully tested; and should the experiment made, be peet. The philanthropic design, and patriotic intention found inadequate to attain the end desired, we may of the framers of the constitution cannot, certainly, be safely confide in that august body, within whose pro- passed over, with indifference, by any legislative body vince the subject rests, that the proper remedy will which views the subject of education, in all its impor be applied. The talents and enlightened patriotism, tant bearings, as well with regard to the evils resulting too, of the delegation representing this state in the to society from a want of that moral and scholastic innational legislature, give ample assurance, that the ho-struction to which a large portion of our citizens, who nor of the state, and the true interests of its citizens, are now destitute of the means of obtaining them, is have been deposited in safe hands, and that they will doomed; as in reference to the stability and permanenneither be compromised nor neglected. That the pro-cy of our free institutions themselves; which must always tecting system will continue to be cherished by the mass of our citizens, who cannot fail to perceive that on the permanency of that course of policy, their best interests will materially depend, can scarcely admit of a doubt; and so long as the people continue to cherish the system, there will be little cause to fear, that their representatives will run counter to it. Although the legislatures of the different states can exercise no imme materially depend on the virtue and intelligence of the people. It is an incontrovertible truth, that civil liberty never can flourish in the same soil with ignorance; to be duly appreciated and rationally enjoyed, the ample privileges it confers, and the rich blessings it imparts, must be felt and understood; without the lights of education, the only true source of correct information, this never can be accomplished. That legislature therefore, 1829.] REPORT OF COMMISSIONERS OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT FUND. which shall have devised and brought to maturity a system of education, by means of primary or common schools, to be established throughout the state, and supported by its own munificence and liberality on a scale so broad and extensive as to reach every village and neighborhood, and which shall ensure to every indigent child in the commonwealth the rudiments of learning at least, will not only have contributed largely to the perpetuation of our free institutions, but reared to itself a monument of imperishable fame. 397 most distinctly marked for its own. And permit me here emphatically to say, that if there is a nation on the face of the earth, which, more than any other, is bound to be devoted to its God by all the sacred ties of gratitude and love, that nation is the American people. Having now, fellow citizens, briefly delineated to you some of the general principles, by which in the course of my adminissration I shall be governed, and adverted to others which will be cherished and maintained, I shall, in the fear, and as I humbly trust, under the guidance and direction of that all wise Being, in whose hands are the destinies of men and of nations, proceed to the discharge of my duty. REPORT Of the Commissioners of the Internal Imprwement Fund. To the Senate of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In obedience to a resolution of the Senate, of the 14th ult. the Commissioners of the Internal Improvement fund report, Our judiciary system too, would seem to require revision, and ought, it is believed, to form another subject for the serious deliberations of the legislature. Under the present system, the time of the judges of the su preme court is so constantly engrossed and occupied, and their labours have become so onerous and incessant, that there is no opportunity afforded for reading or reflection, which to inspire confidence in their deci sions on new and important questions, which are constantly arising, and which are to become the settled law of the land, are all essential and important: besides the constant accumulation of business arising from obvious causes, notwithstanding the efforts of the judges That the accompanying statement exhibits an account to keep it down, and the unavoidable delays consequent of the receipts and payments, by the commissioners of thereon, are becoming evils of no small magnitude. - the fund; from the 7th day of February, 1829, to the Whether establishing a tribunal to sit as a court of errors first day of November, 1829, and from the first day of and appeals; increasing the number of judges on the November to first December, 1829, from which it apbench of the supreme court, or so organizing the pre- pears, that on the last mentioned day, there was a basent courts as to ensure a more equal distribution of la-lance in the fund of $63,078 99. The commissioners bor among the judges of the supreme court, and those also submit the accompanying estimate of the probable of the common pleas, having a tendency to expedite receipts and payments, by them, from the first Decemthe public business, and to give more vigour and effi- ber, 1829, to the first February, 1831, inclusive. It is ciency to the administration of the laws, would afford estimated that there will be a balance in the fund on the the better remedy, is a question submitted with great first of February next, of $29,661 19. That on the deference to the wisdom of the legislature. first August next, there will be a deficiency of money in the fund, to meet the demands upon it, of $77,838 81, and that there will be a further deficiency on the first day of February, 1831, of $ 132,900. The estimate of probable receipts and payments, is confined to receipts applicable to, and payments on account of, interest on loans for canal and rail-road purposes. With an anxious desire on my part, to cultivate a spirit of friendship, harmony and good will with all those connected with the administration of the govern- -ment, and more especially with those who constitute its legislative department, I pledge myself, that to all their measures, tending to promote the public good, I will yield a cheerful and hearty concurrence, asking in return a reciprocity of good feeling on their part, together with their aid and co-operation in such measures, tending to the same object, as the executive may from time to time find it necessary and expedient to recommend. Permit me, fellow citizens, before closing this address to congratulate you on the happy state and condition of the commonwealth, and of our common country. Whilst in the old world, we find one portion of it has been visited with the desolating scourge of war, and drenched with the blood of its unoffending subjects, and other portions of it have been convulsed by internal commotions, and risings of the people, driven to desperation by the chilling hand of poverty, or the more deadly and desolating grasp of absolute famine and want, the natural concomitants of arbitrary power and oppression; We have been permitted to enjoy the inestimable blessings of a profound peace; of prosperity unexampled in the history of nations; of a government based immediately on the will of the people, and administered on the purest principles of republican simplicity; of laws mild and humane, administered peaceably but promptly, and executed even unto the death of the offender, without tumult or confusion, and without producing other sensations in the public mind than those of acquiescence in, or submission to the justice of the penalties they inflict; of liberty, civil and religious, secured to us by written constitutions, bearing in their train the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, and last, though not least, the free exercise of the rights of conscience, privileges, which it is devoutly hoped, no American citizen will ever relinquish, but with his life, whatever may be the specious pretext to induce the sacrifice. In short, we inhabit a country, which, from its earliest infancy to the present day, Providence, by the most signal manifestations of its goodness and protecting care, seems to have The actual receipts during the ensuing year, it is confidently believed, will not be materially different from the estimated receipts, except so far as the esti mate is founded on the probable receipt of canal tolls. The commissioners of the fund have not had the requisite information to enable them to make an accurate estimate on that subject. There is no probability that the receipts on account of tolls, will be less than the sum at which they have been fixed in the estimate submitted. The estimate includes all the money, that in the opinion of the commissioners, can be spared from the treasury during the ensuing year, in pursuance of the act of 22d April, 1829. All which is respectfully submitted. C. BLYTHE, Harrisburg, December 11, 1829. RECEIPTS. 779,123 88 Permanent loan, per act of 18th Dec. 1828, $800,000 00 Resolution of Board of CanalCommissioners, PAYMENTS. Treasurer of the Board of Canal Commis- 58,375 00 25,000 00 106,000 00 26,744 19 3,314,081 99 2,681,000 00 45,932 24 of 22d April, 1829, Interest on do. Balance on hand 1st Dec. 1829, Of said balance, for payment of 63,078 99 Estimate of the probable Receipts and Payments by the Balance in fund, 1st Dec. 1829, 62,161 19 FROM MANUSCRIPTS IN POSSESSION OF THE AMER. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. SWEDISH DOCUMENTS. Donation in favour of John Rysing Commissary of $209,011 23 the College of Commerce, of as much land in New Sweden as he can cultivate with 20 to 30 peasants. UPSAL, DEC. 12, 1653. We Christiana, &c. make known, that by grace and favour, and likewise in consideration of the faithful and zealous services that the Commissary of the general col. lege of comerce, our very dear and very faithful John Rysing, has heretofore and is still disposed to render so long as he shall live, we give and grant, to and by this letter patent do give and grant, to himself, his wife and to their legitimate male heirs and their descendants, as much land in the West Indies, and New Sweden, as he shall be able to cultivate with 20 to 30 peasants; Ceding to him the aforesaid country, with all its dependences,in woods, fields, fisheries, rivers and mill seats, and all other properties upon the land or water, of whatever name, to enjoy, employ and keep the same, in the same manner and with the same franchises as our nobles, and as a perpetual property.--Conformably to the conditions established by the resolution of Noorhoping of the year 1604, and other regulations, accordingly let all regulate themselves, whose duty it is, giving to the said John Rysing, or to his legitimate male heirs, in this respect no species of obstacle, prejudice or damage, we order our governor in that country to follow exactly these directions, granting to the said John Rysing so much land as he shall be able to occupy with 20 to 30 peasants, according to the terms of this our donation. Done as above. 100,000 00 $187,161 19 7,500 00 55,000 00 $187,161 19 PAYMENTS. Feb. 1. Interest on stock loan of 1826, RECEIPTS. Balance in fund, 1st February, 1830, 29,661 19 15,000 60 Letter patent by which John Rysing is nominated Commissary and assistant Counsellor of New Sweden. Upsal Dec. 12, 1653. We Christiana &c. make known, that having directed our very faithful subject, John Rising, formerly Secretary of the general College of Commerce to make a voyage to New Sweden, in order there to aid for a certain period our present Governor of the said country, agreeably to the orders and instructions which he has receiv ed from the said college, and being willing that in consequence of the hazards & fatigue he will experience du ring so long a voyage, his pay &support be there rendered certain, we command that the said Sieur JohnRysing, in virtue of this letter patent, and in the capacity of Commissary of the said general college of commerce, shall receive annually the sum of twelve hundred dollars in silver, in addition to the special appointments which he may receive from the company of the South; and that so long as he shall there continue, let all there regulate themselves agreeably hereto. And we order particularly to our General College of Commerce, to place the said John Rysing upon their list of appropriations for the said sum of 1,200 dollars, silver, causing the same to be sent to him in due time every year. Done as above, CHRISTIANA. Christiana, &c. Health to our friends and liege vassals, each and every of the counsellors of the Kingdom and of the Chamber. As we have granted and assigned to the Commissary of the College of Commerce, John Rysing, for his equipment and voyage to New Sweden, the sum of one thousand Rix Dollars, in consequence thereof we will and order, that you so direct, that he receive immediately and without delay the said 1000 Rix Dollars, particularly as our service and that of the kingdom requires that the vessel which has remained for a long time at Gottenburg, ready to sail, should depart for New Sweden, as aforesaid. By so doing you will fulfill our Gracious will, &c. Done as above. 399 without a breach of friendship with the English and Dutch, or exposing to risk what we already possess. 3. He should employ similar discretion in regard to the extension of the country itself, upon the western side of the river, so that if we can with prudence and propriety, and by means of the co-operation of the English and Dutch, without hostility or any risk to what we already possess, take possession of the land, and by that means extend our limits, we will employ to that end all our energy; proceeding along the shores of the river as far as it may be convenient for security and for com With respect to the fortress that the Dutch have built upon our coast, if he cannot induce them to abandon it by arguments and serious remonstrances and without resorting to hostilities, it is better that our subjects avoid the latter confining themselves solely to protestations, and suffer the Dutch to occupy the said fortress, than that it should fall into the hands of the English who are the more powerful, and of course the most dangerous in that country. But it is proper that a fortress be constructed lower down towards the mouth of the river, below that of the Dutch, in order to defend the passage, and render theirs useless. Employing, however, the mildest measures, because hostilities will in no degree tend to increase the strength of the Swedes in the country aforesaid, more particularly as by a rupture with the Dutch, the English may seize the opportunity to take possession of the aforesaid fortress, and become in consequence very dangerous neighbours to our possessions in the said country. 5. In order to the success of the company, and for the benefit of the country itself, it is useful to employ every To John Printz, Commandant of New Sweden, in means that may favor and facilitate commerce, therefore relation to the Company of the South. UPSAL, DEC. 12, 1653. Christiana &c. Health &c. Governor John Printz. The press of business and other obstacles have prevented us ourselves from regulating all those things which the importance and utility of the Company of the South and our own interests demand. We have, until that we shall be able to make other disposition, of the same placed this care in the hands of our general College of commerce. We therefore will and order that you regulate yourselves according to the orders of the said college, doing and executing, for our service and benefit, for those of the kingdom, and of the said company, every thing that it shall enjoin and direct. By so doing you will fulfil our gracious will, &c. CHRISTIANA. L. CANTERSTEEN. her majesty has judged it proper, and directs that immediately upon the receipt of this memoir, he observe strictly that no merchandize belonging to Swedish subjects which may arrive into or depart from the country, whether belonging to the inhabitants of New Sweden, not connected with the company, or to inhabitants of other provinces or countries, dependent upon the crown of Sweden, pay in duty or indemnity but two per cent. and even that the said merchandize be free of duty, &c. if sold immediately to, or be employed in commerce, with the savages. And so soon as they shall return here with their merchandizes, the said persons shall be exempt from all duties. But foreigners, as well for merchandizes imported into, or exported from New Sweden, shall be obliged to pay Rix dollar for every hundred, and to such it shall not be permitted to ascend the river with their vessels as they may deem fit, nor to trade with the savages, but only with the company. With respect Memoir for the Commissary John Rysing when he to the company, they shall retain the privileges already shall depart for New Sweden. I. UPSAL, DEC. 12, 1653. As it is important to her Majesty, for purposes as well of security as of commerce, that the River of the South in New Sweden, where we have established a harbour, be fortified, protected and defended as far as is practicable. The Governor of the said place should be careful, particularly, that the said river, with its harbours, its mouth, the entrance on the two coasts and its course upwards be, as far as is necessary and practicable, always in proper condition and at our disposal, as well in regard to the passage of the vessels which ascend the said river as for those which decend for the purpose of exporting those merchandizes which the country furnishes. 2. As however the river is useless at those places where the country on either coast does not belong to her majesty, nor the company of the South, the Governor should content himself with securing the country by extending our possessions upon the two coasts as much as is possible, agreeably to justice and good faith, but granted to them by her majesty, that is to say, that there as well as here, upon the transportation or exportation of its merchandizes, whether of the kingdom of Sweden, or of New Sweden, it shall pay neither duty nor import 6. to the crown. With respect to the duties which shall be levied upon foreigners or our own subjects, as well as the excises and other similar imports which shall be established in the country, it is the will of her majesty that they be employed in the defence of the country, to the profit and advantage of the company of the south, until her majesty shall hereafter explain herself in relation thereto. 7. To encourage the cultivation of the land in New Sweden, her majesty has resolved and ordained, and it is the duty of the governor on the part of her majesty to assure every one, that all who wish to purchase portions of land, either from the company or the savages, as subjects recognizing the jurisdiction of the crown of Sweden, shall enjoy in respect to the lands thus purchased, all franchises and allodial privileges, themselves and their descendants forever; being assured that they shall be admitted into the company, or secured in the franchi Before the Governor of New Sweden leaves that country to return here, he shall render the Commissary Rysing an exact account of all the affairs of justice and police, and of the revenues of the company and similar subjects. But he shall place, in the mean time, and until new orders on our part, into the hands of John Amund son, all that relates to the military and to the defence of the country; establishing in the interim, a council formed of the best instructed and most noble officers in the country, of which Rysing shall be director-in such a manner, however, that neither he, in his charge, nor, John Amundson as Governor of militia, in his, shall decide or approve any thing, without reciprocally consulting each other. The whole for the service and advantage of her majesty and of the company. To which end, the Governor shall give to them, until they shall receive new instructions from us, written directions which shall serve for their guide in order that all be executed with justice and security, and that the government of the place be duly maintained. Should, however, the Gov. ernor remain longer in the country, he shall accept, as commissary and assistant counsellor, the aforesaid John Rysing, and in the council those whom he shall judge the most proper; causing, as he has been directed, the same to decide all affairs after deliberation and with a unanimous agreement. 9. Given as above. 32 28 .40 .01 CHRISTIANA. In relation to these things the care of which has been particularly confided to Commissary John Rysing, the College of the Chambers confers upon him the full pow er and permission that her majesty has conceded to him, in which the instructions and memoirs which to him have been given, will serve as his rule of conduct. 29 5 29 5 29 4 43 48 50 Clear Cloudy 629 4 29 4 294 394547 | Cloudy | Cloudy 29 129 028 8 40 44 45 11 29 1 12 29 5 Rain Rain 29 4 29 4 29 4 | 37 45 48 | Cloudy | Sunshin. 10 29 0 28 9 28 9 48 50 47 Rain Cloudy 29 229 2 32 34 30 Cloudy | Sunshin. 29 529 5 22 27 30 Sunshn. Cloudy 13 29 6 29 6 29 5 48 27 28 Clear Cloudy 14 29 4 29 4 29 4 32 38 37 Cloudy Cloudy 15 16 29 6 29 295 | 30 | 41 | 43 17 29 2 29 2 29 2|46|51|| 53 18 29 2 29 2 29 2 37 465) 19 29 1 29 2 29 2 37 | 39 | 40 | 20 29 5 29 5 29 5 22 29 34 2129 629 629 630 35 36 22 23 289 289 2895042 38 2429429 4 29 4 27 30 30 25 29 5 29 5 29 5 25 30 35 26 29 5 29 5 29 5 31 34 35 27 29 6 29 6 29 6 20 29 33 28 29 7 29 7 29 7 18 35 37 29 Before 8-993 is the number of degrees of the Ther mometer during the month. 993-30 = 3 add before 8. 1137:30=39 add at Sunset. An idea of the value of property in Market street may be formed from the terms on which two stores are about to be erected near Fourth street. The lot is about thirty feet front, and is leased for ten years at the rent of $1,400 per annum. Two brick stores are to be built upon the lot by the lessee, which at the end of the term, become the property of the owner of the ground.-V. G. Another idea of the value of property in Market street may be formed from the fact, that the rent of a certain store not a great distance from the lot above mentioned; has, within the last ten or twelve years, ranged from six hundred to sixteen hundred dollars.-Phila. Gaz. Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F. GEDDES, No. 59 Locust Street. Philadelphia; where, and at the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, second door back of the Post Office, (back room) subscriptions will be thankfully received. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, payable annually by subscribers residing in or near the city, or where here is an agent. Other subscribers pay in advance. |