THE LIFE AND DEATH OF KING RICHARD II.] But this history comprises little more than the two laft years of this prince. The action of the drama begins with Bolingbroke's appealing the duke of Norfolk, on an accufation of high treason, which fell out in the year 1398; and it clofes with the murder of King Richard at Pomfret-caftle towards the end of the year 1400, or the beginning of the enfuing year. THEOBALD.

It is evident from a paffage in Camden's Annals, that there was an old play on the subject of Richard the Second; but I know not in what language. Sir Gillie Merick, who was concerned in the hare-brained bufinefs of the Earl of Effex, and was hanged for it, with the ingenious Cuffe, in 1601, is accufed, amongst other things," quod exoletam tragœdiam de tragicâ abdicatione regis Ricardi Secundi in publico theatro coram conjuratis datâ pecuniâ agi curaffet."

"The

I have fince met with a paffage in my Lord Bacon, which proves this play to have been in English. It is in the arraignments of Cuffe and Merick, Vol. IV. p. 412. of Mallet's edition: afternoon before the rebellion, Merick, with a great company of others, that afterwards were all in the action, had procured to be played before them the play of depofing King Richard the Second; when it was told him by one of the players, that the play was old, and they should have lofs in playing it, because few would come to it, there was forty fhillings extraordinary given to play, and fo thereupon played it was."

It may be worth enquiry, whether fome of the rhyming parts of the prefent play, which Mr. Pope thought of a different hand, might not be borrowed from the old one. Certainly however, the general tendency of it must have been very different; fince, as Dr. Johnson obferves, there are fome expreffions in this of Shakfpeare, which ftrongly inculcate the doctrine of indefenfible right.

FARMER.

It is probable, I think, that the play which Sir Gilly Merick procured to be reprefented, bore the title of HENRY IV. and not of RICHARD II.

Camden calls it—" exoletam tragediam de tragica abdicatione regis Ricardi fecundi;" and (Lord Bacon in his account of The Effect of that which passed at the arraignment of Merick and others) fays, "That the afternoon before the rebellion, Merick had procured to be played before them, the play of depofing King Richard the Second." But in a more particular account of the proceeding against Merick, which is printed in the State Trials, Vol. VII. p. 60, the matter is ftated thus: "The ftory of HENRY IV. being fet forth in a play, and in that play there being fet forth the killing of the king upon a stage; the Friday before, Sir Gilly

Merick and fome others of the earl's train having an humour to fee a play, they muft needs have the play of HENRY IV. The players told them that was ftale; they fhould get nothing by playing that; but no play elfe would ferve: and Sir Gilly Merick gives forty fhillings to Philips the player to play this, befides whatsoever he could get."

Augustine Philippes was one of the patentees of the Globe playhoufe with Shakspeare in 1603; but the play here described was certainly not Shakspeare's HENRY IV. as that commences above a year after the death of Richard. TYRWHITT.

This play of Shakspeare was first entered at Stationers' Hall by Andrew Wife, Aug. 29, 1597. STEEVENS.

It was written, I imagine, in the fame year. MALONE.

King Richard the Second.

Edmund of Langley, Duke of York; uncles to the ork; } John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster;

King.

Henry, furnamed Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, son to John of Gaunt; afterwards King Henry IV. Duke of Aumerle, fon to the Duke of York. Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.

Duke of Surrey.

Earl of Salisbury.

Earl Berkley.3

Lord Rofs.

Lord Willoughby. Lord Fitzwater.

Bishop of Carlifle. Abbot of Westminster.

Lord Marshal; and another lord.

Sir Pierce of Exton. Sir Stephen Scroop.

Captain of a band of Welchmen.

Queen to King Richard.
Duchefs of Glofter.
Duchefs of York.

Lady attending on the Queen.

Lords, Heralds, Officers, Soldiers, two Gardeners, Keeper, Messenger, Groom, and other Attendants. SCENE, difperfedly in England and Wales.

* Duke of Aumerle,] Aumerle, or Aumale, is the French for what we now call Albemarle, which is a town in Normandy. The old hiftorians generally use the French title. STEEVENS,

3 Earl Berkley.] It ought to be Lord Berkley. There was no Earl Berkley till fome ages after. STEEVENS.

+ Lord Rofs.] Now fpelt Roos, one of the Duke of Rutland's titles. STEEVENS.

KING

RICHARD II.

ACT I. SCENE I.

London. A Room in the Palace.

Enter King RICHARD, attended; JOHN of GAUNT, and other nobles, with him.

K. RICH. Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster,

Haft thou, according to thy oath and band,* Brought hither Henry Hereford thy bold fon; Here to make good the boisterous late appeal, Which then our leifure would not let us hear, Against the duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray? GAUNT. I have, my liege.

K. RICH. Tell me moreover, haft thou founded him,

If he appeal the duke on ancient malice;

2thy oath and band,] When thefe public challenges were accepted, each combatant found a pledge for his appearance at the time and place appointed. So, in Spenfer's Fairy Queen, B. IV. C. iii. ft. 3:

"The day was fet, that all might understand, "And pledges pawn'd the fame to keep aright." The old copies read band instead of bond. The former is right. So, in The Comedy of Errors:

My mafter is arrested on a band." STEEVENS.

Band and Bond were formerly fynonymous. See note on the

As I upon advantage did remove,
Were in the washes, all unwarily,

Devoured by the unexpected flood." [The King dies.
SAL. You breathe thefe dead news in as dead an

ear.

My liege! my lord!-But now a king,—now thus. P. HEN. Even fo muft I run on, and even so stop. What furety of the world, what hope, what stay, When this was now a king, and now is clay!

BAST. Art thou gone fo? I do but stay behind, To do the office for thee of revenge;

And then my foul fhall wait on thee to heaven,
As it on earth hath been thy servant still.

Now, now, you stars, that move in your right spheres,

Where be your powers? Show now your mended faiths;

And instantly return with me again,

To push destruction, and perpetual shame,
Out of the weak door of our fainting land:
Straight let us feek, or straight we shall be fought;
The Dauphin rages at our very heels.

SAL. It seems, you know not then so much as we:
The cardinal Pandulph is within at reft,
Who half an hour fince came from the Dauphin;
And brings from him fuch offers of our peace
As we with honour and refpect may take,
With purpose presently to leave this war.

BAST. He will the rather do it, when he fees Ourselves well finewed to our defence.

6 Were in the washes, all unwarily, &c.] This untoward accident really happened to King John himself. As he paffed from Lynn to Lincolnshire, he loft by an inundation all his treasure, carriages, baggage, and regalia. MALONE.