Now ere the sun advance his burning eye,
The day to cheer, and night's dank dew to dry,
I must up-fill this osier cage of ours,

8

With baleful weeds, and precious-juiced flowers."
The earth, that's nature's mother, is her tomb;'
What is her burying grave, that is her womb:
And from her womb children of divers kind
We sucking on her natural bosom find;

• I must up-fill this osier cage of ours, &c.] So, in the 13th Song of Drayton's Polyolbion:

"His happy time he spends the works of God to see, "In those so sundry herbs which there in plenty grow, "Whose sundry strange effects he only seeks to know. "And in a little maund, being made of oziers small, "Which serveth him to do full many a thing withal, "He very choicely sorts his simples got abroad." Drayton is speaking of a hermit. STEEVENS.

7

and precious-juiced flowers.] Shakspeare, on his introduction of Friar Laurence, has very artificially prepared us for the part he is afterwards to sustain. Having thus early discovered him to be a chemist, we are not surprized when we find him furnishing the draught which produces the catastrophe of the piece. I owe this remark to Dr. Farmer. STEEVENS.

1

In the passage before us Shakspeare had the poem in his thoughts:

"But not in vain, my child, hath all my wand'ring

been;

"What force the stones, the plants, and metals, have to

work,

"And divers other thinges that in the bowels of earth

do lurk,

"With care I have sought out, with pain I did them prove." MALone.

* The earth, that's nature's mother, is her tomb;]

"Omniparens, eadem rerum commune sepulchrum."

Lucretius.

"The womb of nature, and perhaps her grave."
Milton. STEEVENS.

So, in Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1609:

66

Time's the king of men,

"For he's their parent, and he is their grave."

MALONE.

Many for many virtues excellent,

None but for some, and yet all different.
O, mickle is the powerful grace, that lies

9

In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities:
For nought so vile that on the earth doth live,'
But to the earth some special good doth give;
Nor aught so good, but, strain'd from that fair use,
Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse:
Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied;
And vice sometime's by action dignified.
Within the infant rind of this small flower3
Poison hath residence, and med❜cine power:
For this, being smelt, with that part cheers each
part;

Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart.
Two such opposed foes encamp them still
In man as well as herbs, grace, and rude will;

9

-powerful grace,] Efficacious virtue. JOHNSON.

1 For nought so vile that on the earth doth live,] The quarto, 1597, reads

3

For nought so vile that vile on earth doth live.

STEEVENS.

to the earth-] i. e. to the inhabitants of the earth.

MALONE.

of this small flower-] So the quarto, 1597. All the subsequent ancient copies have-this weak flower.

MALONE.

·with that part] i. e. with the part which smells;

with the olfactory nerves. MALONE.

• Two such opposed foes encamp them still

In man-Foes is the reading of the oldest copy; kings of that in 1609. Shakspeare might have remembered the following passage in the old play of The Misfortunes of Arthur, 1587:

"Peace hath three foes encamped in our breasts,
"Ambition, wrath, and envie." STEEVENS.

So, in our author's Lover's Complaint:

terror, and dear modesty,

"Encamp'd in hearts, but fighting outwardly.”

And, where the worser is predominant,

Full soon the canker death eats up that plant..

Enter ROMEO.

ROM. Good morrow, father!

Benedicite!

FRI.
What early tongue so sweet saluteth me?—
Young son, it argues a distemper'd head,
So soon to bid good morrow to thy bed:
Care keeps his watch in every old man's eye,
And where care lodges, sleep will never lie;
But where unbruised youth with unstuff'd brain
Doth couch his limbs, there golden sleep doth
reign :7

Therefore thy earliness doth me assure,
Thou art up-rous'd by some distemp❜rature;
Or if not so, then here I hit it right-
Our Romeo hath not been in bed to-night.

Thus the quarto of 1597. The quarto of 1599, and all the subsequent ancient copies read-such opposed kings. Our author has more than once alluded to these opposed foes, contending for the dominion of man.

So, in Othello:

"Yea, curse his better angel from his side.” Again, in his 44th Sonnet:

"To win me soon to hell, my female evil
"Tempteth my better angel from my side:

"Yet this I ne'er shall know, but live in doubt,

"Till my bad angel fire my good one out." MALone.

• Full soon the canker death eats up that plant.] author's 99th Sonnet:

7

So, in our

"A vengeful canker eat him up to death." MALone.

- with unstuff'd brain &c.] The copy, 1597, reads: ·with unstuff'd brains

Doth couch his limmes, there golden sleepe remaines.

STEEVENS.

ROM. That last is true, the sweeter rest was mine. FRI. God pardon sin! wast thou with Rosaline? ROM. With Rosaline, my ghostly father? no; I have forgot that name, and that name's woe. FRI. That's my good son: But where hast thou been then?·

ROM. I'll tell thee, ere thou ask it me again, I have been feasting with mine enemy; Where, on a sudden, one hath wounded me, That's by me wounded; both our remedies Within thy help and holy physick lies;8 I bear no hatred, blessed man; for, lo, My intercession likewise steads my foe.

FRI. Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift; Riddling confession finds but riddling shrift.

ROM. Then plainly know, my heart's dear love is set

On the fair daughter of rich Capulet:
As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine;
And all combin'd, save what thou must combine
By holy marriage: When, and where, and how,
We met, we woo'd, and made exchange of vow,
I'll tell thee as we pass; but this I pray,
That thou consent to marry us this day.

FRI. Holy Saint Francis! what a change is here!
Is Rosaline, whom thou didst love so dear,
So soon forsaken? young men's love then lies
Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes.

both our remedies

Within thy help and holy physick lies:] This is one of the passages in which our author has sacrificed grammar to rhyme. M. MASON.

See Vol. XVIII. p. 475, n. 5. MALONE.

Jesu Maria! what a deal of brine

Hath wash'd thy sallow cheeks for Rosaline!
How much salt water thrown away in waste,
To season love, that of it doth not taste!
The sun not yet thy sighs from heaven clears,
Thy old groans ring yet in my ancient ears;
Lo, here upon thy cheek the stain doth sit
Of an old tear that is not wash'd off yet:
If e'er thou wast thyself, and these woes thine,
Thou and these woes were all for Rosaline;
And art thou chang'd? pronounce this sentence
then-

Women may fall, when there's no strength in men.
ROM. Thou chidd'st me oft for loving Rosaline.
FRI. For doting, not for loving, pupil mine.
ROM. And bad'st me bury love.

FRI.

Not in a grave, To lay one in, another out to have.

ROM. I pray thee, chide not: she, whom I love

now,

Doth grace for grace, and love for love allow;
The other did not so.

FRI.

O, she knew well,

Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell.9
But come, young waverer, come go with me,
In one respect I'll thy assistant be;

For this alliance may so happy prove,

To turn your households' rancour to pure love.'

9

and could not spell.] Thus the quarto, 1597. The subsequent ancient copies all have

Thy love did read by rote that could not spell.

I mention these minute variations only to show, what I have so often urged, the very high value of first editions. MALONE.

The two following lines were added since the first copy this play. STEEvens.

of