lies under Christopher Schilling, a man of considerable earning, who was rector of the college. It was customary in those times for young students, who levoted themselves to literature, to assume some Greek or Latin name, instead of that of their family. Schilling was a great admirer of this custom, and easily persuaded his scholar to change his German name of Wongler for the Greek one of Paré, both denoting the same thing in the different languages. He was christened David, because he was born on St. David's day, so that this must be a different saint from the Welch saint of that name, whose feast is kept on March the first. His father was sheriff or alderman of Francolstein, his native place, and was the son of a rich peasant, who lived above an hundred years, and saw himself a father of twenty children all living. Young Paré, for so we must now call him, soon became a great boy with his master, by his excellent parts and industrious application; and his step-mother's ill humour was presently ap peased by his success. He had not lived above three months at his father's expence, when he provided for his own support, partly by means of a tutorship in the family of an honest citizen, whose name was James Schilder, and partly by the bounty of Albertus Kindler, one of the principal men of the place, and lord of Zackenstein. Paré lodged in this gentleman's house, and wrote an Epicedium upon the death of his eldest son, which so highly pleased the father, that be not only gave him a gratuity for it, but encouraged him to cultivate his genius, setting him proper subjects, and rewarding him handsomely for every poem which he presented to him. In the mean time, his schoolmaster, not content with making him change his sirname, made him also change his religious creed, with regard to the doctrine of the real presence, turning him from a Lutheran to a Sacramentarian, as he also did the rest of his scholars. This affair brought both master and scholar into a great deal of trouble. The first was driven from his school at the instance of the minister of the place, and the latter was near being disinherited by his father; and it was not without the greatest difficulty that he obtained his consent to go into the Palatinate, notwithstanding he made use of an argument which is generally very prevailing, that he would finish his studies there without any expence to his family. As soon as he was at liberty he followed his master, who who had been invited by the elector Frederic III. to be principal of his new college at Amberg. The allowance which Paré's father gave him for his journey was so short, that he was obliged to beg on the road. He arrived at Amberg in 1566, and was sent shortly after with ten of his schoolfellows to Heidelberg, where Zachary Ursin was professor of divinity, and rector of the college of Wisdom, who, upon perusing the recommendation of their master, admitted them into his college. The university was at that time in a most flourishing condition, with regard to every one of the faculties; so that Paré had here all the advantages that could be desired, for making the most considerable profi ciency both in the learned languages, and in philosophy and divinity. He was received a minister in 1571, and in May that year sent to exercise his function in a village called Schlettenbach. This was a difficult cure, on account of the contests between the Protestants and Papists at that time. The elector Palatine his patron had asserted his claim by main force against the bishop of Spire, who maintained that the right of nomination to the livings in the coporation of Alfested was vested in his chapter. The elector allowed it, but with this reserve, that, since he had the right of patronage, the nominators were obliged by the peace of Passaw to present such pastors to him whose religion he approved. By virtue of this right he established the Reformed religion in that corporation, and sent Paré into the parish of Schlet tenbach. The Papists shut the doors against him; but they were broke open, and the images and altars pulled down; yet, after all, he could get nobody to clear away the rubbish. However, he was going to be married there before winter, when he was called back to teach the third form at Heidelberg. He acquitted himself so well in that charge, that in two years time he was promoted to the second class; but he did not hold this above six months, being made first pastor of Hemsbach in the diocese of Worms. Here he met with a much more tractable congregation than that of Schlettenbach. For when the elector Palatine, as patron of the parish, resolved to reform it, and caused the church doors to be broke open, Paré took care to have all the images taken down, and had them burnt with the people's consent. Thus happily situated, he soon resolved to be a lodger in a public house no longer; and in order to obtain a more a more agreeable home, he engaged in the matrimonial state four months after his arrival, with the sister of John Stibelius, minister of Heppenheim, and the nuptials were publicly solemnized January 5, 1574, in the church of Hemsbach, a sight which had never before been beheld in that parish. Yet such was the unhappy state of this coun try, rent by the continual contests about religion, that no sooner was Popery, the common enemy, rooted out, than new disturbances arose, through the contests and animosi ties between the Lutherans and Calvinists, who ought to 5+ have been friends. After the death of the elector Frederic III. his son Lewis, who was a very zealous Lutheran, established every where in his dominions those ministers, in the room of the Sacramentarians. By this means, Paré lost his living at Hemsbach, in 1577. On this occasion he retired into the territories of prince John Casimir, the elector's brother, and was minister at Ogersheim, near Frankentale, three years, and then removed to Witrengen, near Neustadt; at which last place prince Casimir, in 1578, had founded a school, and settled there all the professors that had been driven from Heidelberg. This rendered Witzingen so much more agreeable, as well as more advantageous; and upon the death of the elector Lewis, in 1583, the guardianship of his son, together with the administration of the Palatinate, devolved upon prince Casimir, who restored the Calvinist ministers, and Paré obtained the second chair in the college of Wisdom at Heidelberg, in September, 1584, He commenced author two years afterwards, by printing his Method of the Ubiquitarian Controversy." He also printed the German Bible with notes, at Neustadt, in 1589. In January, 1591, he was made first professor in his college, and counsellor to the ecclesiastical senate in November, the following year, and in 1593 was admitted doctor of divinity in the most solemn manner. He had already held several disputes against the writers of the Augsburg Confession, but that of 1596 was the most considerable. Ainong other things, he produced a Defence of Calvin against the imputation of his favouring Judaisin, in his Commentaries upon several Parts of Scripture. Two years after this he was promoted to the chair of divinity professor for the Old Testament in his university, by which he was eased of the great fatigue which he had undergone for fourteen years, in governing the youth who were educated at the college of of Wisdom; an employment so toilsome that Zachary Up sin declared he was happy in being banished by the dreadful charge of ruling these untractable and head-strong youths. Daniel Tossanus, professor of divinity for the New Testament, dying in 1602, Dr. Paré succeeded to that chair, and a few years after he bought a house in the suburbs of Heidelberg. Herein, in 1607, he built in the garden an apartment for his library, which he called his Pareanum. He took great delight in it, and the whole house went afterwards by that name. The elector honoured it with several privileges and immunities, and the Doctor had two inscriptions, one in German, and the other in La, tin, put upon the frontispiece. At the same time his reputation, spreading itself every where, brought young stu dents to him from the remotest parts of Hungary and Pofand. In 1617, there was kept an evangelical jublilee, in memory of the church's deliverance from Popery an hundred years before. The solemnity held three days, during which there were continual orations, disputations, poems, and sermons, on the occasion. Dr. Paré also published some pieces upon the subject, which drew upon him the resentment of the Jesuits of Mentz, who wrote a sharp censure of his work, and the Doctor published a suitable answer to it. The following year, 1618, at the instance of the States General, he was pressed to go to the synod of Dort; but he excused himself, on account of his age and infirmi ties, which he said would not permit him to undertake so long a journey, nor bear the inconveniences of such an alteration of diet as must unavoidably attend it. Otherwise he was a proper person for that assembly, being a great enemy to all innovations in points of doctrine. He would not suffer any man to deviate a tittle from the catechism of his master Ursin. The apprehensions which he had of the ruin, which his patron the elector Palatine would bring upon himself, by accepting the crown of Bohemia, put him upon changing his habitation. When he saw the workmen employed in improving the fortifications of Heidelberg, he said it was so much labour lost; and considering the books which he had wrote against the Pope and Bellarmine, he looked upon it as the most dreadful calamity that could happen to him, to fall into the hands of the monks, and for that reason gladly complied with the advice that was given him, to provide in time for his own safety. Accordingly he chose for his sanctuary the town of Anweil, in the duchy of Deux Ponts, near Landau, and arrived there in October, 1621. However, he left that place some months after, and went to Neustadt; nor did he stay long there, for he determined to return to Heidelberg, in the resolution to fetch his last breath at his beloved Pareanum, and so to be buried near the professors of the university. Accordingly his wish was fulfilled. He died at Pareanum in June, 1622, and was interred with all the funeral honours, which the universities in Germany are used to bestow on their members. Dr. Paré's exegetical works were published by his son at Frankfort, in 1647, in three volumes, folio. Among these are his "Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, in 1617," which gave great offence to king James I. of England, because it contained some anti-monarchical principles. PARKER, MATTHEW, the second Protestant archbishop of Canterbury, was born August 6, 1504, in the parish of St. Stephen's, Norwich. He had the misfortune to lose his father when he was only twelve years of age; but his mother took a very particular care of his education. In September, 1520, he was admitted into Corpus Christi, or Ben'et College, Cambridge; of which house he was chosen scholar, or Bible-clerk, March 20, following; and applying himself closely to his studies, took the degree of B. A. in 1523; but, according to others, in 1524. In April, 1527, he was ordained deacon; in June, priest; and in September, created master of arts, and chosen fellow of his college. By this time he had rendered himself so conspicuous for learning, that he was one of those eminent scholars who were invited from Cambridge, to the magnificent foundation of cardinal Wolsey's [now Christ's Church] College, in Oxford; but by the persuasion of his friends he staid where he was, diligently following his studies. And having, within five or six years, read over the fathers and councils, and rendered himself an accomplished divine, he became a licensed, and frequent preacher, at court, at St. Paul's Cross, and other public places and occasions. In 1533, or 1534 he was made chaplain to queen Anne Boleyn; VOL. III-No. 72. 3 U who |