'Mrs. Sarah Wright."-6. "The Lord's loud Call to England.** -7.." Miscellanea Sacra, or divers necessary Truths."-8, "AÂ Looking Glass for Children." He was chiefly concerned in the "English-Greek-Lexicon, 1661;" containing the derivations and significations of all the words in the New Testament. An epistle of his is prefixed to it.

; JEWEL, JOHN, bishop of Salisbury. This great man was born May 24, 1522, at Buden in the parish of Berinber, Devonshire; and, though a younger brother, inherited his father's name. His mother's name was Bellamy; and he had so great an esteem for it and her, that he engraved it on his signet, and had it always imprinted in his heart; a lasting testimony both of her virtue and kindness to him. His father was a gentleman descended rather of an ancient and good, than a rich family. It is observed that his ancestors had enjoyed their estate for almost two hundred years before the birth of this great man. And yet such was the number of his children, that it is no wonder if this, when young, wanted the assistance of good men for the promoting of his studies; for it is said his father left ten children behind him. This John Jewel proving a lad of pregnant parts, and of a sweet and industrious nature and temper, was from his youth dedicated to learning; and with great care cultivated by his parents and masters, which he took so well, that at the entrance of the thirteenth year of his age, he was admitted in Merton College. During his continuance at Oxford, a plague happening, he removed to a place called Croxham, where being lodged in a low room, and studying hard in the night, he got a lameness by a cold which attended him to his grave; having spent almost four years in college, Aug. 19, 1539, he was, by the procurement of Mr. Slater, Mr. Burrey, and Mr. Parkhurst, his two tutors, removed into Corpus Christi College in the same university. On Oct. 20, 1540, he took his first degree of B. A. with great applause; when he prose cuted his studies with more vigour than before, beginning them at four in the morning, and continuing them till ten at night, so that he seemed to need somebody to put him in mind of eating. Being now attained to a great reputation for learning, he began to instruct others, and amongst the rest Anthony Parkhurst was committed to his care by Mr. John Parkhurst his tutor, which was a great argument

of

of his uncommon worth and industry. Being thus em ployed, he was chosen reader of humanity and rhetoric of his own college, and he managed this place seven years with great applause. His example taught more than any precepts could; for he was a great admirer of Horace and Cicero, and read all Erasmus's works, and imitated them too; for it was his custom to write something every day; and it was his common saying, that men "acquired more learning by a frequent exercising their pens, than by reading many books." He affected rather to express himself fluently, neatly, and with great weight of argument and strength of reason, than in hunting after the flowers of rhetoric, and the cadences of words, though he well understood them, and wrote a dialogue in which he compre hended the whole of the art of rhetoric.

On Feb. 9, 1544, he commenced M. A. the charge of it being borne by his good tutor Mr. Parkhurst, who had then the rich rectory of Cleve in the diocese of Gloucester, which is of better value than some of our smaller bishoprics. Nor was this the only instance whereby he partook of this good man's bounty, for he used twice or thrice in a year to invite him to his house, and not dismiss him without presents, money, and other things, that were necessary for the carrying on his studies. And one time above the rest, coming into his chamber in the morning, when he was to go back to the university, he seized upon his and. his companions purses, saying, "What money, I wonder, have these miserable, beggarly Oxonians?" And finding them all very empty, he stuffed them with money, till they became sufficiently weighty.

Edward VI. succeeding his father on July 28, 1546, the Reformation went on more regularly and swiftly, and Peter Martyr being by that prince called out of Germany, and made professor of divinity at Oxford, Mr. Jewel was one of his most constant hearers; and by the help of characters, which he had invented for his own use, took all his lectures almost as perfectly as he spoke them.

About this time Dr. Richard Smith, predecessor to Peter Martyr, in that chair at Oxford, who was more a sophister than a divine, made an insult upon Peter Martyr, and interrupted him publicly and unexpectedly in his lecture: the German was not to be baffled by a surprize, but extem

pore

pore recollected his lecture, and defended it with great presence of mind; the two parties in the schools being just upon the point of a tumult, the Protestants for the present professor, and the Papists for the old one. Peter Martyr, nettled with this affront, (which happened May 28, 1549,) challenged Smith to dispute with him publicly, and ap pointed him a day but Smith fearing to be called in question for this uproar, fled before the time to St. Andrews in Scotland. But then Tresham and Chadsy, two popish doctors, and one Morgan entered the lists against Peter Martyr, and there was a very sharp but regular dis pute betwixt them concerning the Lord's Supper. And Mr. Jewel, having then a large share in Peter Martyr's affections, was by him appointed to take the whole dispu tation in writing, which was printed in 1549. For the re gulating this disputation, the council sent to Oxford, Henry bishop of Lincoln, Dr. R. Cox, chancellor of that university, Dr. Simon Haines, Richard Morison, esq. and i Dr. Christopher Nevison, commissioners and moderators.

In 1551, Mr. Jewel took his degree of B. D. when he preached an excellent Latin sermon, which is extant almost perfect; taking for his text the words of St. Peter, 1 Peter iv. 11. If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God," &c. Upon which words he raised such excellent doctrines, and made such wise and holy reflections in so pure and elegant a style, as convinced every body of his great ability and deserts.

About the same time, Mr. Jewel took a small living near Oxford called Sunningwell, more out of a desire to do good, than for the salary, which was but small; whither he went once a fortnight on foot, though he was lame, and it was troublesome to him to walk; and at the same time preached frequently both privately in his own college, and publicly in the university.

Besides his old friend Mr. Parkhurst, amongst others, Mr. Curtop a fellow.cf the same college, afterwards canon of Christ Church, allowed him forty shillings a year, which was a considerable sum in those days; and Mr. Chambers, who was entrusted with distributing the charity of some Londoners to the poor scholars of Oxford, allowed Mr. Jewel out of it six pounds a year for books.

Edward VI. dying July 6, 1553, and queen Mary suc ceeding him, and being proclaimed the 17th of the same

month,

month, Jewel was one of the first that felt the fury of this tempest, and, before any law was made, or any order given by the queen, was expelled from the college by the fellows, upon their private authority, who had nothing to object against him, but, 1. His following Peter Martyr; 2. His preaching some doctrines contrary to Popery; 3. and his taking orders according to the laws then in force: but Fuller in his Church History says, he was expelled for refusing to be present at mass. As for his life, it was acknowledged to be angelical and extremely honest, by John Moren, a fellow of the same college; who yet at the same time could not forbear calling him Lutheran, Zuinglian, and, heretic.

Having taken leave of his lecture, fellowship, and college, he was reduced to great poverty and desertion: but he found for some time a place of harbour in Broadgates Hall, another college in the same university. Here he met with some short gleams of comfort; for the university of Oxford, more kind than his college, and to alleviate the miseries of his shipwrecked estate, chose him to be her orator, in which capacity he curiously penned a gratulatory letter or address (as the term now is) to the queen, on the behalf and in the name of the university, expressing in it the countenance of the Roman senators in the beginning of Ti berius's reign, exquisitely tempered and composed, to keep out joy and sadness, which both strove at the same time to display their colours in it; the one for dead Augustus, the other for reigning Tiberius. And upon the assurance of several of her nobles, that the queen would not change the established religion, expressing some hopes she would abide by this assurance, which was confirmed then to them by the promise the queen had made to the Suffolk and Norfolk gentry, who had rescued her out of the very jaws of

ruin.

Being ejected out of all he possessed, he became obnoxious to the insolence and pride of his enemies, which he endeavoured to allay by humility and compliance, which yet could not mitigate their rage and fury; but rather, in all probability, heightened their malice, and drew more affronts upon the meek man. But amongst all his enemies, none sought his ruin more eagerly than Dr. Marshal, dean of Christ Church, who had changed his religion now twice already; and did twice or thrice more in the reign of VOL. III, No. 53.

I

queen

queen Elizabeth: he having neither conscience nor religion of his own, was very desirous to make Jewel's conscience or life a papal sacrifice. In order to this, he sent to Jewel by the inquisitors a bead roll of popish doctrines to be subscribed by him upon pain of fire and faggot, and other grievous tortures; the poor man having neither friend nor time allowed him to consult with, took the pen in his hand, and saying, "Have you a mind to see how well I can write?" subscribed his name hastily, and with great reluctance. But this no way mitigated the rage of his enemies against him; they knew his great love to, and familiarity with Peter Martyr, and nothing less than his life would satisfy these blood hounds, of which turn coat Marshal was the fiercest: so being forsaken by his friends for this his sinful compliance, and still pursued like a wounded deer by his enemies; but more agitated by the inward remorses and reproaches of his own conscience, he resolved at last to flee for his life. And it was but just in time; for if he had staid but one night longer, or gone the direct way to London, he had perished by their fury: one Augustin Berner, a Switz, first a servant to bishop Latimer, and afterwards a minister, found him lying upon the ground almost dead with vexation, weariness, (for this lame man was forced to make his escape on foot), and cold, and setting him upon a horse, conveyed him to lady Ann Warcupps, a widow, who entertained him for some time, and then sent him up to London, where he was in more safety.

Having twice or thrice changed his lodgings in London, sir Nicholas Throgmorton, a great minister of state in those times, furnished him with money for his journey, and procured him a ship for his transportation beyond the seas. And well it had been if he had gone sooner; but his friend Mr. Parkhurst hearing of the restoring of the mass fled forthwith; and poor Mr. Jewel knowing nothing of it, went to Cleve, in Gloucestershire, to beg his advice and assistance, being almost killed by his long journey on foot in cold and snowy weather, and being forced at last to return to Oxford, more dejected and confounded in his thoughts than he went out; which miseries were the occasions of his fall, as God's mercy was the procurer both of his escape and recovery.

For being once arrived at Francfort in the beginning of the second year of queen Mary's reign, he found there Mr.