PAGE examples-The Shays rebellion-Arguments of those who favor NO. VII. THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Causes for dissensions among States if disunited enumerated. First, destruction of life and property; then, standing armies, ex- tension of executive power, the rise of the military over the civil power-Objections to the Union on this score answered-Army not dangerous to liberty, if there is a Union-Examples of Greece and Danger of these troubles in republics, and the argument thus afforded to the advocates of despotisms-The advantage of a Confed- eracy-Historical examples-Montesquieu's views-Distinction be- tween confederation and consolidation-Nature of a confederacy- Danger of faction in the United States as elsewhere-Nature of a No. XI. THE UTILITY OF THE UNION IN RESPECT TO COM- Foreign nations jealous of our commerce-Need of uniformity of Commerce the best source of wealth, and increases the ability to No. XIII.-ADVANTAGE OF THE UNION IN RESPECT TO 73 One civil list instead of many-Small confederacies will be formed, each as expensive as the single Confederacy proposed-Reasons for No. XIV. OBJECTIONS TO THE PROPOSED CONSTITUTION Distinction between a republic and a democracy-Errors as to No. XV.-THE INSUFFICIENCY OF THE PRESENT Confed- ERATION TO PRESERVE THE UNION. Evil results of the present Confederation-Analysis of the defects of the Confederation-The true purposes of government-Impotence of the Confederation for efficient government-Experience under the No. XVI.-THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Experience of other confederacies - The present Confederation leads to domestic war, foreign influence, national ruin, and military 76 The objection that the reserved rights of the States will be invaded -The real danger the other way-Federal governments tend to No. XVIII. THE SAME SUBject ContinuED No sanction to its laws, no power to exact obedience, no power to No. XXII.—THE SAME SUBJect Continued No power to regulate commerce-Evils of this lack of power- Raising troops by quota-Evils of such a system-The evils and dangers arising from the equal vote of the States in Congress-The want of a judiciary power-The organization of Congress utterly im- proper for the exercise of suitable powers.-The present Confedera- tion never ratified by the people. No. XXIII.—THE NECESSITY OF A Government as Ener- The objects of the federal government-The common defence of the States and the powers necessary-Reasons why these powers should not be limited-Failure in this respect of the Confederation -Remedies of the Constitution. No. XXIV.-THE POWERS NECESSARY TO THE COMMON Objection as to standing army answered-These powers given to No. XXV. THE SAME SUBJect Continued Objection that States can provide for common defence answered- The common defence cannot be entrusted to the separate States be- cause it would be oppressive to some States, might become dangerous to all, would create jealousies between the States, and might imperil the authority of the Union-Provisions of the Confederation in this respect-A mistake to restrain the discretion of Congress in keeping or raising armies-Disadvantages of militia-Standing armies some- times necessary when there is no foreign war-Example of Pennsyl- vania and Massachusetts-Dangerous to restrain too much the fed- PAGE Its origin-Not in favor here—The exclusion of military establish- The objection that the new government will require the military force to administer its laws considered-The national government not in danger of popular ill-will any more than those of the States- Reasons for believing that the federal government will be better ad- ministered than those of the States-Less liability to sedition against federal government-Less likely to require force than that proposed by the opposition-Reasons for this-The laws of the Union, so far Cases in which the federal government must use force-Equally necessary in plan of opposition-Employment of force controlled by Congress-If Congress prove unfaithful there is the original right of self-defence-The States' security against Federal usurpation-Fur- ther security in the extent of territory and the limited resources of the No. XXIX.-CONCERNING THE MILITIA Regulation of militia must be confided to federal government to Such power necessary to every constitution-Evil effects of want of such power-Results in present Confederation-Objection that Con- gress should be limited to external taxation answered-Evils and de- fects of the system of requisitions-Without general power existing funds would be diverted in time of war-The general power will bring out the resources of the country and give confidence to lenders. No. XXXI.—THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED The importance of first principles-In morals and politics-Rea- No. XXXII.—THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED Objection that the general power of taxation would interfere with Objections to incidental powers of taxation considered-These No. XXXIV.—The Same Subject Continued Concurrent authority concerning taxation the only alternative to Reasons for not restricting federal government in the matter of No. XXXVI.—THE SAME SUBJECT Continued Representation further considered with reference to taxation-The PAGE 180 185 189 194 200 207 |