Bishops are the Clergy, and the Commons, as some would have it. Take heed of that, for then if two agree, the third is involved; but he is King of the three Estates.

6. The King hath a Seal in every Court, and though the Great Seal be called Sigillum Angliæ, the Great Seal of England, yet 'tis not because 'tis the Kingdom's Seal, and not the King's, but to distinguish it from Sigillum Hiberniæ, Sigillum Scotia.

7. The Court of England is much altered. At a solemn Dancing, first you had the grave Measures, then the Corrantoes and the Galliards, and this is kept up with Ceremony; at length to Trenchmore, and the CushionDance, and then all the Company dance, Lord and Groom, Lady and Kitchen-Maid, no distinction. So in our Court, in Queen Elizabeth's time, Gravity and State were kept up. In King James's time things were pretty well. But in King Charles's time, there has been nothing but Trenchmore, and the Cushion-Dance, omnium gatherum tollypolly, hoite come toite.

The King.

IS hard to make an Accommodation between the King and the Parliament. If you and I fell out about Money, you said I owed you Twenty Pounds, I said I owed you but Ten Pounds, it

agitated between High Church and Parliament. Some of the aged Bishops (he says) had their tongues so used to the language of a third estate, that more than once they run on that reputed rock in their speeches; for which they were publicly shent, and enjoined an acknowledgement of their mistake."

may be a third Party allowing me Twenty Marks, might make us Friends. But if I said I owed you Twenty Pounds in Silver, and you said I owed you Twenty Pounds of Diamonds, which is a Sum innumerable, 'tis impossible we should ever agree. This is the Case.

2. The King using the House of Commons, as he did Mr. Pym and his Company, that is, charging them with Treason, because they charged my Lord of Canterbury and Sir George Ratcliff; it was just with as much Logic as the Boy, that would have lain with his Grandmother, used to his Father; you lay with my Mother, why should not I lie with yours?

3. There is not the same Reason for the King's accusing Men of Treason, and carrying them away, as there is for the Houses themselves, because they accuse one of themselves. For every one that is accused, is either a Peer, or a Commoner; and he that is accused hath his Consent going along with him; but if the King accuses, there is nothing of this in it.

4. The King is equally abused now as before: then they flattered him and made him do ill things, now they would force him against his Conscience. If a Physician should tell me, every thing I had a mind to was good for me, tho' in truth 'twas Poison, he abused me; and he abuses me as much, that would force me to take something whether I will or no.

5. The King so long as he is our King, may do with his Officers what he pleases; as the Master of the House may turn away all his Servants, and take whom he please.

6. The King's Oath is not security enough for our Property, for he swears to Govern according to Law;

now the Judges they interpret the Law, and what Judges can be made to do we know.

7. The King and the Parliament now falling out, are just as when there is foul Play offered amongst Gamesters; one snatches the other's stake; they seize what they can of one another's. 'Tis not to be asked whether it belongs not to the King to do this or that: before when

But now they will do what is

there was fair Play, it did. most convenient for their own safety. If two fall to scuffling, one tears the other's Band, the other tears his ; when they were Friends they were quiet, and did no such thing; they let one another's Bands alone.

8. The King calling his Friends from the Parliament, because he had use of them at Oxford, is as if a Man should have use of a little piece of Wood, and he runs down into the Cellar, and takes the Spigot; in the meantime all the Beer runs about the House: when his Friends are absent, the King will be lost.

Knights Service.

NIGHTS Service in earnest means nothing, for the Lords are bound to wait upon the King when he goes to War with a Foreign

Enemy, with it may be one Man and one Horse; and he that doth not, is to be rated so much as shall seem good to the next Parliament.* And what will that be? So 'tis for a private Man, that holds of a Gentleman.

Some of the early Kings forced their subjects of 201. a year to take the order of knighthood, or exempt themselves by a fine.

Land.

WHEN Men did let their Land under foot,* the
Tenants would fight for their Landlords, so

that way they had their Retribution: but now they will do nothing for them; may be the first, if but a Constable bid them, that shall lay the Landlord by the heels; and therefore 'tis vanity and folly not to take the full value.

2. Allodium is a Law Word, contrary to Feudum,+ and it signifies Land that holds of nobody. We have no such Land in England. 'Tis a true Proposition; all the Land in England is held, either immediately, or mediately of the King.

Charles at

Elizabeth and James had exercised this right once. his coronation summoned all of 40l. a year to take the order; and in 1630 levied heavy fines on those who did not; raising 100,000l. thereby. It is said the Long Parliament soon abolished this and so many other grievances.

Every man is bound by his tenure to defend his Lord; and both he and his Lord the King and his country, &c. See Homage, Coke upon Littleton.

* Under foot, i. e. under value. Lord Bacon, in speaking of Usury, says, That were it not upon this easie borrowing upon interest, Men's necessities would draw upon them, a most sudden undoing; in that they would be forced to sell their meanes (be it Land or Goods) farre Under foot. Essay XLI. Of Usurie.

On the Etymology of the word Allodial, which has been largely discussed, there is a copious and interesting article in the "Trésor des Origines" of Charles Pougens under the word Alleu.

Language.

O a living Tongue new Words may be added, but not to a dead Tongue, as Latin, Greek,

Hebrew, &c.

2. Latimer is the Corruption of Latiner; it signifies he that interprets Latin; and though he interpreted French, Spanish, or Italian, he was called the King's Latiner, that is, the King's interpreter.

3. If you look upon the Language spoken in the Saxon Time, and the Language spoken now, you will find the Difference to be, just as if a Man had a Cloak that he wore plain in Queen Elizabeth's Days, and since, here has put in a piece of Red, and there a piece of Blue, and here a piece of Green, and there a piece of Orange-tawny. We borrow Words from the French, Italian, Latin, as every Pedantic Man pleases.

4. We have more Words than Notions, half a dozen words for the same thing. Sometimes we put a new signification to an old word, as when we call a Piece a Gun. The Word Gun was in use in England for an Engine, to cast a thing from a Man, long before there was any Gun-powder found out.

5. Words must be fitted to a Man's Mouth. 'Twas well said of the Fellow that was to make a Speech for my Lord Mayor; he desired to take measure of his Lordship's Mouth.

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