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not merely with success, but in a manner that will render the repetition of the defence hereafter unnecessary. The parties arrayed against Dr. Paley, and who have impugned his system of moral philosophy with no slight accusations, are persons of great authority, as having been held in high esteem, both by their contemporaries and immediate posterity. It is enough to name such men as Dugald Stewart, Rev. T. Gisborne, a late prebendary of Durham, Dr. Pearson, late master of Sydney-college, and the illustrious Brown, of Edinburgh, to command the respect of every thinking being. Such is the splendid confederacy from whose hostile power Mr. Wainewright has undertaken to rescue the memory of Paley. To do justice to the manner in which he has accomplished his task, we should be compelled to insert a larger portion of his volume, than either usage or our limits would permit. We promise the reader, however, that he will find in the volume enough to repay his diligence in the clear logic, the intimate knowledge of the subject at issue, the vigorous and elegant language, and, above all, the calm and dignified courtesy towards his oppo. nents, which Mr. Wainewright has so eminently displayed in this interesting controversy. Some observations, peculiarly adapted to the present crisis, will also be found in this volume, incidentally introduced indeed, but in connection with his theme, and therefore with perfect propriety.

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and experience shall have matured his powers, he may approximate at least, to the excellence of his great master. It is creditable to the young bard, that his "melodious” voice was first heard resounding the peans of liberty. Patriotism, too, seems to blend its impulse amongst his inspirations; and the charms of woman have nearly completed his vocation for the lyre. We wish Mr. Cornish every success which his right feeling and graceful ardour amply deserve.

ART. XXXI.-The History and Topography of the United States of North America, from the earliest Period to the present Time; comprising political and biographical History, Geography, Agriculture, Manufactures, Laws, &c., with a topographical Description of the Cities, Sea-ports, Public Edifices, &c. Edited by John Howard Hinton, A.M. 4to. London: Hinton; and Simpkin and Marshall. Philadelphia: Wardle. New York: Carrill. Boston: Gray and Bowen. 1831.

WE have now before us six numbers of this work, which is published in monthly parts, and forms the first attempt that has yet been made to supply a great desideratum in American literature. Several histories of the United States are before the world, and from a number of tours, written by travellers who have visited the Republic, it would be in our power to collect a great Ideal of the information indicated in the title of Mr. Hinton's publication. But it is in his pages alone, so far as they have yet gone, that we can find the political history of the Union, combined with an account of its productions, laws, and manners, and with topographical

descriptions of its most remarkable scenery, cities, and public buildings, illustrated by engravings. Of these there are three in each part, very well executed. The whole will be comprised in about thirty parts, forming two quarto volumes, with maps of the different states. We have a specimen of the latter in one of the numbers, and must say that it is finished in a creditable manner. The narrative is well written, and, in every point of view, we consider that it is a work which every man of education and intelligence ought to have in his library.

ART. XXXII.-The Vizier's Son, or the Adventures of a Mogul. By the Author of "Pandurang Hari," &c. In three volumes. 8vo. London: Saunders and Otley. 1831.

It must be the fault of English readers, if they are not by this time thoroughly acquainted with the manners which prevail among the various castes of people who inhabit Asia. We have upon the average, three or four novels every year, devoted to that quarter of the globe, and full of the adventures of Turks and Persians, Americans, Indians, Moguls, Chinese, and Tartars, and in short, of all those who dwell between the Levant and the Yellow Sea. The author of the work now before us, is already favourably known. He has chosen for its ground-work, the cabals and intrigues of the court of Shah Jehan, and the machinations of his four sons in endeavouring to suc

ceed to the throne of Hindostan. It is dreadful to contemplate the state of demoralization which this tale exposes, as existing among the Indians, when ruled by their Mogul conquerors. We can only hope, with the author, that English example may in time produce that reformation which his volumes are calculated to promote. They are written in a very animated style, and teem with characteristic pictures of oriental life.

ART. XXXIII.-Sermons on Practical Subjects. By the late very Rev. Richard Graves, D.D., Dean of Ardagh. Edited by his Son. 8vo. pp. 401. London: C. J. G. & F. Rivington. Dublin: Watson.

1830.

THE late Dean Graves, was not only a divine of a superior order in the Established Church of Ireland, but also one of the most accomplished scholars, whom the University of Dublin has produced. Without entering into any points of doctrinal controversy, which we leave altogether to the theologians, we may nevertheless observe, that the sermons printed in this volume, are distinguished for a tone of per

suasiveness, an unction and a classical eloquence, which we have seldom seen rivalled, and, perhaps, never surpassed. They may be read with edification and advantage, by Christians of every shade of faith; and even those who differ from the preacher, cannot but acknowledge the ability, as well as the charity, which shine throughout his admirable discourses.

321

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE,

Connected with Literature, Science, and the Arts.

a third ship, that had been thrown on her beam ends.

New Zoological Society.-On the 25th ult. a meeting was held at Kennington, for the purpose of forming a Zoological Institution on the Surry side of London. The project is a most seasonable one, and deserves the assistance of every friend to science and rational amusement.

Wool Measurer.-An instrument of a novel construction has just been perfected, by M. Skiadan of Moscow, for the accurate determination of the fineness of wool. The eriometer of Dollond, used for this purpose, it is said, is infinitely inferior in point of precision, when very delicate fibres are to be measured, to the instrument invented by the Russian.

Lord Brougham's Bill.-Such is the interest which the LORD CHANCELLOR'S Bill, for the establishment of Courts of Local Jurisdiction, excites in the public mind, that the gentleman who has contributed the article in our present Number on that subject, has been induced to publish it in a separate form, as a pamphlet, with a complete copy of the Bill annexed. We have no doubt, that this little work, which, in a very high quarter, has met with the most flattering approbation, will speedily pass through several editions. It will be followed, we understand, by a Manual of Practice for the new Courts, should the Bill, as is confidently expected, eventually receive the sanction of the Legislature. The country can never sufficiently express its gratitude to Lord BROUGHAM, for originating a measure so well calculated to remove two of the most oppressive grieving the disease of cholera, as it is ances of which Englishmen have to complain, viz. the expense and delay that attend the administration of justice, grievances which existed before the period of the Great Charter, and which are now, for the first time, about to meet with an effectual remedy.

Northern Seas.-The destruction of so many of the whaling fleet last season, occurred principally in Melville Bay, where the greatest accumulation of icebergs takes place. Some of the ships were literally pressed out of the water, the ice piercing their sides, and one ship was even pushed by the ice under the bottom of another, both of which afterwards righted. A whole field of ice passed completely over

Medical Gallantry.-At the request of a number of young French physicians, who are extremely anxious to have an opportunity of study

now manifested in Russia, the Academy of Sciences at Paris, has written to the principal scientific institutions of Russia, to know if permission would be given to medical men from France to visit the hospitals containing patients afflicted with cholera, and to treat the cases as they thought proper.

Climbing Boys.-A patent has been taken out lately for a metallic lining and damper for chimneys, which is to render them fire-proof, not liable to smoke, and also to supersede the use of climbing boys, as they are in all cases easily swept by the machine.

Astrology and the Comet.-According to a very recent astrological computation, into the dread

war.

ful mysteries of which we have been initiated, it appears that at the time last month when the Comet was discovered, the Sun was hastening to an evil aspect of Mars, who was in the sign of Aries, which governs "Less Poland," threatening a protracted and sanguinary It appears further, that the Moon is in good aspect to the Comet, and Venus, who rules Taurus, (Ireland) is in square aspect to Mars, the lord of Aries, (England). The meaning of all which is that the popular cause is to triumph in England; but that any thing but union is to exist between her and Ireland.

French Jealousy.-The jealousy of the French on any point of admitted superiority on the part of the English, is still as violent and unreasonable as ever. A captain of French Artillery, (M. Vergnaud), asserts positively that the English manufacturers of poudre de chasse, (sporting gunpowder), are guilty of the quackery of mixing fulminating mercury with it. Dr. Ure, the great practical chemist, has, since this assertion was made, tested the powder, which was found to be totally free from any such ingredient.

Small Pox.-A physician at Marscilles has recently proved, by thirteen experiments, that the virus of small pox if diluted in a small quantity of cow's milk, may be used as a substitute for the matter usually employed in vaccination. He supposes, that the vaccine disease itself was first caused by the communication of small pox from man to the cow.

Leeches.-There is good evidence for believing, that the impression of the atmospheric electricity causes the blood of leeches to coagulate. They may be regarded, therefore, as a sure barometer.

Whale Fishery.-According to every fact with which we are ac

quainted, concerning the state of the seasons and their effects in the high northern latitudes, it would appear that the whaling expeditions to the Greenland seas, are conducted in the strangest and, indeed, the most fatal ignorance. The ships usually sail in the beginning of March, to be in time to reach the ice in April, and upon attaining that delightful stage of their expedition, there they remain, doing nothing, till August! Dr. Latta, who knows these seas from experience, says, that a vessel entering Davis's Straits early in July, will reach Lancaster Sound as soon as if she started in February, and will besides be enabled to avoid the tract through Melville Bay.

Flying. An invincible argument against the possibility of man being ever able, by any apparatus, to fly, may be drawn from the limited power he has to sustain muscular exertion. A bird that keeps itself merely in the air, does so by exerting a quantity of action which would be required to raise its own weight to a height of 26 feet 3 inches. To fly, as migrating birds fly, calls for fifty times as much exertion as this. But let a man use the utmost efforts of his hands and arms for eight hours a day, and he can put forth only as much action as would be able to raise his own weight 33 inches high, and by even concentrating the whole of the action which he exerts in the eight hours, he could do no more than keep himself thus suspended for about five minutes.

The Vine in India.-The Agricultural Committee of Calcutta, have resolved upon persevering in the attempt to establish vine cultivation in India, notwithstanding the failures which it has hitherto experienced.

Fertility of Ireland.—It is a curious fact, and one which shows

how much the natural resources of Ireland have been neglected, that the plant called Erica Mediterranea, hitherto supposed to be indigenous only to the countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, and which has been cultivated in British gardens only by the curious, has been recently found in the district of Conemarra, in the county of Galway, "growing," says Mr. Mackay, the botanist, who discovered it," in prodigious abundance."

Captain Ross.-The latest accounts of Captain Ross, now on his exploratory voyage in the north seas, were those received by professor Jameson; but they are contradictory, and of course not to be relied on.

Astronomical Problem.In the ninth book of the Paradise Lost are the following lines:

"Thence full of anguish driv'n, The space of seven continued nights

he rode

With darkness; thrice the equinoctial line

He circled; four times crossed the car of night

From pole to pole, traversing each colure,

On the eighth returned."

A correspondent proposes that some of our learned readers should resolve, how many miles (English statute) Satan performed, from the time of his departure from, to his return to, Paradise; and to state the names of the countries which he passed over.

The proposer agrees to let it be assumed that Paradise is in lat. 31. N., and in long. 47. E., and that the earth is a sphere whose diameter is 7964 English statute miles.

Lord Byron.-A satire has been left by Lord Byron, to which the "English Bards," in point of bitterness, is only a mixture of milk and honey.

James Watt.-A noble bust of James Watt, by Chantrey, was lately presented to the Mechanics' Institute of Sheffield, by the son of the illustrious mechanic.

Sports of Fortune.-A man of the name of Littlejohn, a native of Perth, and formerly a private in the 72nd Highlanders, now commands. the guards of the Prince of Bagdad! It is through him, we have no doubt, that recent proposals have been made to the British government, to sanction a steam communication on the Euphrates! Verily, the old adage is true, that a Newcastle grindstone and a Scotchman are to be found in every part of the globe.

Remarkable Calculation.-To ascertain the year in which the existing Pope is to die, take, says an Edinburgh Journal, the title of the preceding Pope, the title of the reigning Pope, and add ten, prefixing the century. Thus :Pius 6th Pius 7th Pius 7th Leo 12th 10 10

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Leo 12th Pius 8th

10

18:30

Fires in London.-In the year 1830, there were no less than 287 fires in London and its neighbourhood, which were attended with the loss of 21 lives!

Deaths.-Madame de Genlis at Paris, on the 27th Dec., 1830.— Niebuhr, at Bonn, on the 4th ult.— Rodolphe Kreutzer, the celebrated violin player at Geneva, on the 6th ult.-Henry Mackenzie, Esq., Author of the Man of Feeling, on the 14th ult.

Egypt.-An English engineer is about to proceed to Egypt at the request of the Pacha, in order to remove the difficulties which at present exist, to the completion of a canal between the Nile and Alexandria. This is agreeable news, especially as we hope that the visit of

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