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Entered according to Act of Congress in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-nine

BY CALLAGHAN & CO.,

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, DC.

STATE JOURNAL PRINTING COMPANY,

PRINTERS AND STERLOT?PERS,

MADISON, WIS

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE.

JK 31

482

1.2

THE title of the first volume of the German edition .of this work is Verfassung und Democratie der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Believing that the literal translation of that title would not convey to the American reader as correct an idea of the contents of the distinguished author's book as: "The Constitutional and Political History of the United States," the translators of the first volume agreed to call the work in English by the latter name. This was done without any previous consultation with the author himself. Professor v. Holst, however, has given this second volume the title-which is to be preserved in those that are yet to -Verfassungsgeschichte der Vereinigten Staaten seit der Administration Jacksons-or "The Constitutional History of the United States from the Administration of Jackson." It is due to Professor v. Holst and the public to say that the author himself is of opinion that the title chosen by the translators for the first volume raises a claim which that volume does not entirely support. This second volume fulfills the promise of the translators' title, and hence the reader will find the scope of this second volume somewhat different from that of the first.

come

Those acquainted with the German edition will notice. that the Einleitung (Introduction) to the second volume is

not here translated. The reason of its omission is that it was intended by the author only for the German edition.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to the kindly criticism of Professor William F. Allen, of the University of Wisconsin, General James M. Lynch, of Milwaukee, and Alfred B. Mason, counsellor at law of Chicago, my collaborator in the translation of the first volume, whose withdrawal from the continuation of the task has not diminished his interest in a work, the great merits of which he was one of the first to recognize.

JOHN J. LALOR

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE REIGN OF ANDREW JACKSON

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Jackson Inaugurates Government by Politicians.-Crawford's De-
cline.-King Caucus.-Jackson's Career and Character.- The Elec-
tion of Adams over Jackson in 1824.- Kremer's Charge against
Clay. The Electoral College and the Direct Vote Theory.— Jack-
son's Election a "People's" Victory.-The Spoils System.- Jack-
son's Inauguration.— Disregard of the Great Questions of the Day.—
Professional Politicians and Corruption in Politics.-The Albany
Regency.-Van Buren its Soul.- Adams' View of the Civil Serv-
ice. Marcy Proclaims the Doctrine: "To the Victor Belong the
Spoils."― Jackson's Cabinet.-The Eaton Scandal.- Jackson the
Embodiment of Typical American Traits.- His Demoniacal Will.—
The Bank Question. — Charges against Mason as President of the
Portsmouth Branch Bank.-The Administration Thwarted and En-
raged.― Jackson's Charges against the Bank.— National Conven-
tions.-The National Republicans Nominate Clay for President,
1831.- Money Power of the Bank in Election of 1832.- Democratic
Party Discipline.- Veto of the Bank Bill. Discussion of the Veto
Power. The Veto Message Appeals to the Masses.- Cabinet
Changes.― Jackson's Bank.- Agency Plan.- The Deposits.-Taney
Becomes Secretary of the Treasury.— His View of the Removal of
the Deposits.- Cabinet Officers, Their Duties and Accountability.—
Congress and the Deposits.- Presidential Usurpation.-Resolution
Censuring Jackson Expunged from Senate Records.-Jackson's In-
terpretation of the Constitution.—The Rights of the President.—
Jackson's Political Heirs.-Trading Politicians and a Republic.—
Jackson's Career Promotes Politician Rule.

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CHAPTER II.

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THE ABOLITIONISTS AND THE SLAVERY QUESTION IN CONGRESS. 80
The Early Anti-Slavery Societies not Abolition Societies in a Polit-
ical Sense.- Missouri Question Awakens Popular Knowledge and
Fear of Slavocracy's Rule.-The First Abolitionists.- Lundy and

Garrison.- Moral and Religious Awakening.-Formation of Anti-
Slavery Societies.- Negro Uprisings.- Nat. Turner.- The Negro and
the Gospel.-Emancipation Efforts in Virginia.- John Marshall's
View of Slavery.— Abolitionists Accused of Inciting Negroes to Re-
volt.-Laws against Slave Education.- Prudence Crandall's Negro
School in Connecticut.-Abolitionists Mobbed in New York.- The
Garrison Mob in Boston.-Character of Abolitionism.- Municipal
Character of Slavery.— Abolition Appeals to Congress.— South Offers
Rewards for Garrison and Tappan.-South Demands Suppression of
Free Speech on Slavery.— Slavery Doomed.— Fugitive Slaves.— Abo-
litionism an Infamous Crime in the Southern States.- Rifling of the
Mails.- Postmaster-General Kendall Proscribes Abolition Mail Mat-
ter.-Jackson's Message Indorses Him.-The Bible Not Allowed to
be Given to Slaves.- Calhoun's Bill against Abolition Mail Matter
Exalts State Above United States Laws.- Calhoun a Lover of the
Union. His View of the Necessity of Slavery.- Admission of Mich-
igan and Arkansas.— Missouri Enlarged and the Compromise Vio-
lated. The Sacs and Foxes.- Magnanimous Northern Assistance
of the Slavocrats in Congress.-The Shame of the North.

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CHAPTER III.

VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRATION. I. HIS POLITICAL CAREER. THE
CRISIS OF 1837 AND THE INDEPENDENT TREASURY......... 147
Change of Administrations in America.- Van Buren, the First
Politician President.- Characters of Jackson and Van Buren.- The
Latter's Career.- His Contract for the Presidency.— Rivalry with
Calhoun, Jackson's War on H. L. White.- The First National Po-
litical Convention.- Van Buren's Pledge to the South.- Van Buren
Popularly Held Responsible for Jackson's Economic Policy.—English
Capital and Speculation.— Internal Improvements.— Increase of
Small Banks.- Changes in the Monetary Standards.- Public Land
Sales.-Southern Drafts on Foreign Capital.- Plantations and Slaves
Held as Security.- King Cotton.- The Surplus from Public Land
Sales. Jackson's Specie Circular Hastens the Crisis of 1837.- The
Crisis Inaugurated by the Bank of England. - Suffering in the
South. Causes of the Crash.- Van Buren's Creditable Conduct
Through the Crisis.- His Plan of an Independent Treasury.- Cal-
houn's Position on the Question and His Political Relations. - The
Whigs' Attack on the Independent Treasury Plan.- Clay Declares
the Plan Impossible.- New York Turns against Van Buren.-Dan-
ger of National Insolvency.- Extra Session of Congress, 1837.-

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