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Their slender ditties when the trees are bare.
Nor must I leave untouched (the picture else
Were incomplete) a relique of old times
Happily spared, a little Gothic niche
Of nicest workmanship; that once had held
The sculptured Image of some Patron Saint,
Or of the Blessed Virgin, looking down
On all who entered those religious doors.

But lo! where from the rocky garden Mount
Crowned by its antique summer-house-descends,
Light as the silver fawn, a radiant Girl;
For she hath recognized her honoured Friend,
The Wanderer ever welcome! A prompt kiss
The gladsome Child bestows at his request;
And, up
the flowery lawn as we advance,
Hangs on the Old Man with a happy look,
And with a pretty restless hand of love.
-We enter-by the Lady of the Place
Cordially greeted. Graceful was her port:
A lofty stature undepressed by Time,
Whose visitation had not wholly spared
The finer lineaments of form and face;

To that complexion brought which prudence trusts in
And wisdom loves.-But when a stately Ship
Sails in smooth weather by the placid coast
On homeward voyage, what-if wind and wave,
And hardship undergone in various climes,
Have caused her to abate the virgin pride,
And that full trim of inexperienced hope
With which she left her haven-not for this,
Should the sun strike her, and the impartial breeze
Play on her streamers, fails she to assume
Brightness and touching beauty of her own,
That charm all eyes. So bright, so fair, appeared
This goodly Matron, shinning in the beams
Of unexpected pleasure. Soon the board
Was spread, and we partook a plain repast.

Here, resting in cool shelter, we beguiled
The mid-day hours with desultory talk;
From trivial themes to general argument
Passing, as accident or fancy led,

Or courtesy prescribed. While question rose
And answer flowed, the fetters of reserve
Dropping from every mind, the Solitary
Resumed the manners of his happier days;
And, in the various conversation, bore
A willing, nay, at times, a forward part;
Yet with the grace of one who in the world
Had learned the art of pleasing, and had now
Occasion given him to display his skill,
Upon the steadfast 'vantage ground of truth.
He gazed with admiration unsuppressed
Upon the landscape of the sun-bright vale,
Seen, from the shady room in which we sate,
In softened perspective; and more than once
Praised the consummate harmony serene
Of gravity and elegance-diffused
Around the Mansion and its whole domain;
Not, doubtless, without help of female taste
And female care.-« A blessed lot is yours!»>
The words escaped his lip with a tender sigh
Breathed over them;-but suddenly the door
Flew open, and a pair of lusty Boys
Appeared-confusion checking their delight.

-Not Brothers they in feature or attire,
But fond Companions, so I guessed, in field,
And by the river's margin-whence they come,
Anglers elated with unusual spoil.

One bears a willow-pannier on his back,
The Boy of plainer garb, whose blush survives
More deeply tinged. Twin might the other be
To that fair Girl who from the garden Mount
Bounded triumphant entry this for him.
Between his hands he holds a smooth blue stone,
On whose capacious surface see outspread
Large store of gleaming crimson-spotted trouts;
Ranged side by side, and lessening by degrees
Up to the dwarf that tops the pinnacle.
Upon the Board he lays the sky-blue stone
With its rich freight;-their number he proclaims;
Tells from what pool the noblest had been dragged;
And where the very monarch of the brook,
After long struggle, had escaped at last-
Stealing alternately at them and us
(As doth his Comrade too) a look of pride.
And, verily, the silent Creatures made
A splendid sight, together thus exposed;
Dead-but not sullied or deformed by Death,
That seemed to pity what he could not spare.

But O, the animation in the mien

Of those two Boys! Yea in the very words
With which the young Narrator was inspired,
When, as our questions led, he told at large
Of that day's prowess! Him might I compare,
His look, tones, gestures, eager eloquence,
To a bold Brook that splits for better speed,
And, at the self-same moment, works its way
Through many channels, ever and anon
Parted and reunited: his Compeer
To the still Lake, whose stillness is to sight
As beautiful, as grateful to the mind.
-But to what object shall the lovely Girl
Be likened? She whose countenance and air
Unite the graceful qualities of both,
Even as she shares the pride and joy of both.

My grey-haired Friend was moved; his vivid eye
Glistened with tenderness; his Mind, I knew,
Was full; and had, I doubted not, returned,
Upon this impulse, to the theme-erewhile
Abruptly broken-off. The ruddy Boys
Withdrew, on summons to their well-earned meal;
And He-
e—(to whom all tongues resigned their rights
With willingness, to whom the general ear
Listened with readier patience than to strain
Of music, lute or harp,-a long delight

That ceased not when his voice had ceased) as One
Who from truth's central point serenely views
The compass of his argument,-began
Mildly, and with a clear and steady tone.

BOOK IX.

ARGUMENT.

Wanderer asserts that an active principle pervades the Universe-Its noblest seat the human soul-Bow

lively this principle is in Childhood-Hence the delight in Old Age of looking back upon Childhood-The dignity, powers, and privileges of Age asserted— These not to be looked for generally but under a just government-Right of a human Creature to be exempt from being considered as a mere Instrument -Vicious inclinations are best kept under by giving good ones an opportunity to shew themselves-The condition of multitudes deplored from want of due respect to this truth on the part of their superiors in society-Former conversation recurred to, and the Wanderer's opinions set in a clearer light-Genuine principles of equality-Truth placed within reach of the humblest.-Happy state of the two Boys again adverted to-Earnest wish expressed for a System of National Education established universally by Government-Glorious effects of this foretold-Wanderer breaks off-Walk to the Lake-embark-Description of scenery and amusements-Grand spectacle from the side of a hill-Address of Priest to the Supreme Being-in the Course of which he contrasts with ancient Barbarism the present appearance of the scene before him-The change ascribed to Christianity-Apostrophe to his Flock, living and deadGratitude to the Almighty-Return over the LakeParting with the Solitary-Under what circum

stances.

DISCOURSE OF THE WANDERER, AND AN
EVENING VISIT TO THE LAKE.

« To every Form of l'eing is assigned,»
Thus calmly spake the venerable Sage,
"An active principle:-howe'er removed
From sense and observation, it subsists
In all things, in all natures, in the stars
Of azure heaven, the unenduring clouds,
In flower and tree, in every pebbly stone
That paves the brooks, the stationary rocks,
The moving waters, and the invisible air.
Whate'er exists hath properties that spread
Beyond itself, communicating good,
A simple blessing, or with evil mixed;
Spirit that knows no insulated spot,
No chasm, no solitude; from link to link
It circulates, the Soul of all the Worlds.
This is the freedom of the Universe;
Unfolded still the more, more visible,
The more we know; and yet is reverenced least,
And least respected, in the human Mind,
Its most apparent home. The food of hope

Is meditated action; robbed of this
Her sole support, she languishes and dies.
We perish also; for we live by hope
And by desire; we see by the glad light,
And breathe the sweet air of futurity,
And so we live, or else we have no life.
To-morrow-nay perchance this very hour,
(For every moment hath its own to-morrow!)
-Those blooming Boys, whose hearts are almost sick
With present triumph, will be sure to find
A field before them freshened with the dew
Of other expectations;-in which course
Their happy year spins round. The Youth obeys
A like glad impulse; and so moves the Man
Mid all his apprehensions, cares, and fears,-

Ah! why

in age

Or so he ought to move.
Do we revert so fondly to the walks
Of Childhood-but that there the Soul discerns
The dear memorial footsteps unimpaired
Of her own native vigour-thence can hear
Reverberations; and a choral song,
Commingling with the incense that ascends
Undaunted, tow'rd the imperishable heavens,
From her own lonely altar?-Do not think
That Good and Wise will ever be allowed,
Though strength decay, to breathe in such estate.
As shall divide them wholly from the stir
Of hopeful nature. Rightly is it said
That Man descends into the VALE of years;
Yet have I thought that we might also speak,
And not presumptuously, I trust, of Age,
As of a final EMINENCE, though bare
In aspect and forbidding, yet a Point
On which 't is not impossible to sit
In awful sovereignty-a place of power-

A Throne, that may be likened unto his,
Who, in some placid day of summer, looks
Down from a mountain-top,-say one of those
High Peaks, that bound the vale where now we are.
Faint, and diminished to the gazing eye,
Forest and field, and hill and dale appear,
With all the shapes upon their surface spread:
But, while the gross and visible frame of things
Relinquishes its hold upon the sense,
Yea almost on the mind herself, and seems
All unsubstantialized,-how loud the voice
Of waters, with invigorated peal
From the full River in the vale below,
Ascending!-For on that superior height
Who sits, is disencumbered from the
Of near obstructions, and is privileged
To breathe in solitude above the host
Of ever-humming insects, 'mid thin air
That suits not them. The murmur of the leaves
Many and idle, visits not his ear;

press

This he is freed from, and from thousand notes Not less unceasing, not less vain than these,By which the finer passages of sense

Are occupied; and the Soul, that would incline To listen, is prevented or deterred.

« And may it not be hoped, that, placed by Age In like removal tranquil though severe, We are not so removed for utter loss;

But for some favour, suited to our need?
What more than that the severing should confer
Fresh power to commune with the invisible world,
And hear the mighty stream of tendency
Uttering, for elevation of our thought,
A clear sonorous voice, inaudible
To the vast multitude; whose doom it is
To run the giddy round of vain delight,
Or fret and labour on the Plain below.

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Proof of the sacred love she bears for all;
Whose birth-right Reason, therefore, may ensure.
For me, consulting what I feel within

In times when most existence with herself
Is satisfied, I cannot but believe,

That, far as kindly Nature hath free scope
And Reason's sway predominates, even so far,
Country, society, and time itself,

That saps the Individual's bodily frame,
And lays the generations low in dust,
Do, by the Almighty Ruler's grace, partake
Of one maternal spirit, bringing forth
And cherishing with ever-constant love,

That tires not, nor betrays. Our Life is turned
Out of her course, wherever Man is made
An offering, or a sacrifice, a tool

Or implement, a passive Thing employed
As a brute mean, without acknowledgment
Of common right or interest in the end;
Used or abused, as selfishness may prompt.
Say, what can follow for a rational Soul
Perverted thus, but weakness in all good,
And strength in evil? Hence an after-call
For chastisement, and custody, and bonds,
And oft-times Death, avenger of the past,
And the sole guardian in whose hands we dare
Entrust the future.-Not for these sad issues
Was Man created; but to obey the law

Of life, and hope, and action. And 't is known
That when we stand upon our native soil,
Unelbowed by such objects as oppress

Our active powers, those powers themselves become
Strong to subvert our noxious qualities:
They sweep distemper from the busy day,
And make the Vessel of the big round Year
Run o'er with gladness; whence the Being moves
In beauty through the world; and all who see
Bless him, rejoicing in his neighbourhood.»>

<< Then,» said the Solitary, « by what force Of language shall a feeling Heart express Her sorrow for that multitude in whom

We look for health from seeds that have been sown
In sickness, and for increase in a power
That works but by extinction? On themselves
They cannot lean, nor turn to their own hearts
To know what they must do; their wisdom is
To look into the eyes of others, thence
To be instructed what they must avoid :
Or rather let us say, how least observed,
How with most quiet and most silent death,
With the least taint an injury to the air

The Oppressor breathes, their human Form divine,
And their immortal Soul, may waste away.»

The Sage rejoined, « I thank you-you have spared My voice the utterance of a keen regret, A wide compassion which with you I share. When, heretofore, I placed before your sight

A Little-one, subjected to the Arts

Of modern ingenuity, and made

The senseless member of a vast machine,

Serving as doth a spindle or a wheel;
Think not, that, pitying him, I could forget
The rustic Boy, who walks the fields, untaught;
The Slave of ignorance, and oft of want,

And miserable hunger. Much, too much
Of this unhappy lot, in early youth
We both have witnessed, lot which I myself
Shared, though in mild and merciful degree:
Yet was the mind to hinderances exposed,
Through which I struggled, not without distress
And sometimes injury, like a lamb enthralled
'Mid thorns and brambles; or a Bird that breaks
Through a strong net, and mounts upon the wind,
Though with her plumes impaired. If they, whose souls
Should open while they range the richer fields
Of merry England, are obstructed less
By indigence, their ignorance is not less,
Nor less to be deplored. For who can doubt
That tens of thousands at this day exist
Such as the Boy you painted, lineal Heirs
Of those who once were Vassals of her soil,
Following its fortunes like the beasts or trees
Which it sustained. But no one takes delight
In this oppression; none are proud of it;
It bears no sounding name, nor ever bore;
A standing grievance, an indigenous vice
Of every country under heaven. My thoughts
Were turned to evils that are new and chosen,
A Bondage lurking under shape of good,-
Arts, in themselves beneficent and kind,
But all too fondly followed and too far;
To Victims, which the merciful can see
Nor think that they are Victims; turned to wrongs
By Women who have Children of their own
Beheld without compassion, yea with praise!

I spake of mischief by the wise diffused
With gladness, thinking that the more it spreads
The healthier, the securer, we become;
Delusion which a moment may destroy!
Lastly, I mourned for those whom I had seen
Corrupted and cast down, on favoured ground,
Where circumstance and nature had combined
To shelter innocence, and cherish love;
Who, but for this intrusion, would have lived,
Possessed of health, and strength, and peace of mind;
Thus would have lived, or never have been born.

« Alas! what differs more than man from man!
And whence that difference? whence but from himself?
For see the universal Race endowed
With the same upright form!-The sun is fixed,
And the infinite magnificence of heaven,
Fixed within reach of every human eye;

The sleepless Ocean murmurs for all ears;
The vernal field infuses fresh delight
Into all hearts. Throughout the world of sense,
Even as an object is sublime or fair,
That object is laid open to the view
Without reserve or veil; and as a power
Is salutary, or an influence sweet,
Are each and all enabled to perceive

That power, that influence, by impartial law.

Gifts nobler are vouchsafed alike to all;

Reason,-and, with that reason, smiles and tears;

Imagination, freedom in the will,

Conscience to guide and check, and death to be
Foretasted, immortality presumed.

Strange, then, nor less than monstrous might be deemed

The failure, if the Almighty, to this point
Liberal and undistinguishing, should hide

The excellence of moral qualities

From common understanding; leaving truth
And virtue, difficult, abstruse, and dark ;
Hard to be won, and only by a few;

Strange, should he deal herein with nice respects,
And frustrate all the rest! Believe it not :

The primal duties shine aloft-like stars;
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of Man-like flowers.
The generous inclination, the just rule,

Kind wishes, and good actions, and pure thoughts-
No mystery is here; no special boon

For high and not for low, for proudly graced
And not for meek of heart. The smoke ascends
To heaven as lightly from the Cottage hearth
As from the haughty palace. He, whose soul
Ponders this true equality, may walk
The fields of earth with gratitude and hope;
Yet, in that meditation, will he find
Motive to sadder grief, as we have found,-
Lamenting ancient virtues overthrown,
And for the injustice grieving, that hath made
So wide a difference betwixt Man and Man.

<< But let us rather tørn our gladdened thoughts
Upon the brighter scene. How blest that Pair
Of blooming Boys (whom we beheld even now)
Blest in their several and their common lot!
A few short hours of each returning day
The thriving Prisoners of their Village school:
And thence let loose, to seek their pleasant homes
Or range the grassy lawn in vacancy,
To breathe and to be happy, run and shout
Idle, but no delay, no harm, no loss;
For every genial Power of heaven and earth,
Through all the seasons of the changeful year,
Obsequiously doth take upon herself
To labour for them; bringing each in turn
The tribute of enjoyment, knowledge, health,
Beauty, or strength! Such privilege is theirs,
Granted alike in the outset of their course
To both; and, if that partnership must cease,
I grieve not,»> to the Pastor here he turned,
Much as I glory in that Child of yours,
Repine not, for his Cottage-comrade, whom
Belike no higher destiny awaits

Than the old hereditary wish fulfilled,

The wish for liberty to live-content

With what Heaven grants, and die-in peace of mind,
Within the bosom of his native Vale.

At least, whatever fate the noon of life
Reserves for either, this is sure, that both
Have been permitted to enjoy the dawn;
Whether regarded as a jocund time,
That in itself may terminate, or lead
In course of nature to a sober eve.

Both have been fairly dealt with; looking back
They will allow that justice has in them
Been shewn-alike to body and to mind. »

He paused, as if revolving in his soul Some weighty matter, then, with fervent voice And an impassioned majesty, exclaimed, O for the coming of that glorious time When, prizing knowledge as her noblest wealth And best protection, this Imperial Realm,

While she exacts allegiance, shall admit
An obligation, on her part, to teach
Them who are born to serve her and obey;
Binding herself by Statute to secure
For all the Children whom her soil maintains
The rudiments of Letters, and inform
The mind with moral and religious truth,
Both understood, and practised,—so that none,
However destitute, be left to droop

By timely culture unsustained; or run
Into a wild disorder; or be forced

To drudge through weary life without the aid
Of intellectual implements and tools;
A savage Horde among the civilized,
A servile Band among the lordly free!
This sacred right, the lisping Babe proclaims
To be inherent in him, by Heaven's will,
For the protection of his innocence;
And the rude Boy,-who, having overpast
The sinless age, by conscience is enrolled,
Yet mutinously knits his angry brow,
And lifts his wilful hand on mischief hent,
Or turns the godlike faculty of speech

To impious use—)
e-by process indirect

Declares his due, while he makes known his need.
-This sacred right is fruitlessly announced,
This universal plea in vain addressed,
To eyes and ears of Parents who themselves
Did, in the time of their necessity,

Urge it in vain; and therefore, like a prayer
That from the humblest floor ascends to heaven,
It mounts to reach the State's parental ear;
Who, if indeed she own a Mother's heart,
And be not most unfeelingly devoid
Of gratitude to Providence, will grant
The unquestionable good; which, England, safe
From interference of external force,
May grant at leisure; without risk incurred
That what in wisdom for herself she doth,
Others shall e'er be able to undo.

<< Look! and behold, from Calpe's sunburnt cliff, To the flat margin of the Baltic sea, Long-reverenced Titles cast away as weeds; Laws overturned;-and Territory split, Like fields of ice rent by the polar wind, And forced to join in less obnoxious shapes, Which, ere they gain consistence, by a gust Of the same breath are shattered and destroyed. Meantime the Sovereignty of these fair Isles Remains entire and indivisible;

And, if that ignorance were removed, which breeds
Within the compass of their several shores
Dark discontent, or loud commotion, each
Might still preserve the beautiful repose
Of heavenly Bodies shining in their spheres.
-The discipline of slavery is unknown
Amongst us,-hence the more do we require
The discipline of virtue; order else
Cannot subsist, nor confideuce, nor peace.
Thus, duties rising out of good possessed,
And prudent caution needful to avert
Impending evil, equally require

That the whole people should be taught and trained.
So shall licentiousness and black resolve
Be rooted out, and virtuous habits take

Their place; and genuine piety descend, Like an inheritance, from age to age.

«With such foundations laid, avaunt the fear Of numbers crowded on their native soil, To the prevention of all healthful growth Through mutual injury! Rather in the law Of increase and the mandate from above Rejoice!-and Ye have special cause for joy. -For, as the element of air affords An easy passage to the industrious bees Fraught with their burthens; and a way as smooth For those ordained to take their sounding flight From the thronged hive, and settle where they list In fresh abodes, their labour to renew ; So the wide waters, open to the power, The will, the instincts, and appointed needs Of Britain, do invite her to cast off

Her swarms, and in succession send them forth;
Bound to establish new communities

On every shore whose aspect favours hope
Or bold adventure; promising to skill
And perseverance their deserved reward.

-Yes,» he continued, kindling as he spake,

"

Change wide, and deep, and silently performed,
This Land shall witness; and as days roll on,
Earth's universal Frame shall feel the effect
Even till the smallest habitable Rock,
Beaten by lonely billows, hear the songs
Of humanized Society; and bloom

With civil arts, that send their fragrance forth,
A grateful tribute to all-ruling Heaven.
From Culture, unexclusively bestowed
On Albion's noble Race in freedom born,
Expect these mighty issues; from the pains
And faithful care of unambitious Schools
Instructing simple Childhood's ready ear:
Thence look for these magnificent results!
Vast the circumference of hope-and Ye
Are at its centre, British Lawgivers;

Ah! sleep not there in shame! Shall Wisdom's voice
From out the bosom of these troubled Times

Repeat the dictates of her calmer mind,

And shall the venerable Halls ye fill

Refuse to echo the sublime decree?

Trust not to partial care a general good;
Transfer not to Futurity a work

Of urgent need.-Your Country must complete
Her glorious destiny.-Begin even now,

Now, when Oppression, like the Egyptian plague
Of darkness, stretched o'er guilty Europe, makes
The brightness more conspicuous, that invests
The happy Island where ye think and act :
Now, when Destruction is a prime pursuit,
Shew to the wretched Nations for what end
The Powers of civil Polity were given!»

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To the Lake's margin, where a Boat lies moored
Beneath her sheltering tree.»-Upon this hint
We rose together: all were pleased-but most
The beauteous Girl, whose cheek was flushed with joy.
Light as a sunbeam glides along the hills
She vanished-eager to impart the scheme
To her loved Brother and his shy Compeer.
-Now was there bustle in the Vicar's house
And earnest preparation.—Forth we went,
And down the Vale along the Streamlet's edge
Pursued our way, a broken Company,
Mute or conversing, single or in pairs.
Thus having reached a bridge, that overarched
The hasty rivulet where it lay becalmed
In a deep pool, by happy chance we saw
A two-fold Image; on a grassy bank

A snow-white Ram, and in the crystal flood
Another and the same! Most beautiful,
On the green turf, with his imperial front
Shaggy and bold, and wreathed horns superb,
The breathing Creature stood; as beautiful,
Beneath him, shewed his shadowy Counterpart.
Each had his glowing mountains, each his sky,
And each seemed centre of his own fair world:
Antipodes unconscious of each other,

Yet, in partition, with their several spheres,
Blended in perfect stillness, to our sight!

« Ah! what a pity were it to disperse,
Or to disturb so fair a spectacle,
And yet a breath can do it!»>

These few words
The Lady whispered, while we stood and gazed
Gathered together, all, in still delight,
Not without awe. Thence passing on, she said
In like low voice to my particular ear,
<<I love to hear that eloquent Old Man
Pour forth his meditations, and descant
On human life from infancy to age.
How pure his spirit! in what vivid hues

His mind gives back the various forms of things,
Caught in their fairest, happiest attitude!
While he is speaking, I have power to see
Even as he sees; but when his voice hath ceased,
Then, with a sigh, I sometimes feel, as now,
That combinations so serene and bright,

Like those reflected in yon quiet Pool,
Cannot be lasting in a world like ours,
To great and small disturbances exposed.»
More had she said-but sportive shouts were heard;
Sent from the jocund hearts of those two Boys,
Who, bearing each a basket on his arm,
Down the green field came tripping after us.
-When we had cautiously embarked, the Pair
Now for a prouder service were addrest;
But an inexorable law forbade,

And each resigned the oar which he had seized.
Whereat, with willing hand I undertook
The needful labour; grateful task!-to me
Pregnant with recollections of the time
When, on thy bosom, spacious Windermere!
A youth, I practised this delightful art;
Tossed on the waves alone, or 'mid a crew
Of joyous Comrades.-Now, the reedy marge
Cleared, with a strenuous arm I dipped the oar,
Free from obstruction; and the Boat advanced

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