1802.] Durham Cathedral-Dr. Morgan's Addrefs. 135 Bury and Anthony Beck. Reverting to thete altars, they had furrounding fcreens, and on them thewed a profufion of gildings and paintings. An extraordinary creffet was fet above the centre altar, containing nine lights, fo very luminous that they not only rendered this chapel one mighty blaze, but diftributed their rays over all the church befides. This creflet burnt the whole of the night. Durham, anticipate your filent griefs? (To be continued.) wanting J. C. Vol. LXXI. p. 1093. For "I onward. fretched," write in the margin, I onward ketebed. P. 32, a 38. For " to as many Sints; have" r. "to as many Saints: the altars have." Ibid. b. 3, r. “ in this aile.” I defer my memoranda of the ideas which I conceived in this chapel, until I deferibe the view I made of it ftanding at the South end, and looking North by Weft and Eaft. Here I put a finish to the lines of my general plan of the Cathedral, which I must not dif mifs without obferving with every regret (to ay nothing of my mental refervations on this head), that I was obligated feveral times to liften to the intents and look at the drawings of the planfor the new-modeling of this church," whereby I found the Eastern half was to take the fame arrangement, and bear the fame novel dreflings as have fo changed the interiors of Salisbury and Lichfield cathedrals. The alte tations to be made were as follows: Bishop Hatfield's throne and John Nevill's high altar-fercen to be taken down; and their disjointed parts converted, with modern-fancied work, into a new organ-cafe and loft, &c. &c. the level of the choir standing fome fix or feven feet above the pavement of the Nine Altars' chapel to be carried over the fame on to the Faft termination of the faid chapel, a defign which would not only take from its elegant height, but would for ever obliterate the bafes of the columns, and the entire range of altars, and deftroy in its marked courfe the Feretory. Thus would be loft to the men of Durham, men who there drew their breath, the real objects which keep alive the memories of their Patron Saint, their moft devout and public-fpirited Bifhop and their heroic Protector. Written memoirs of past events do not ftand before the readings of the congregation in the choir of this church; but thefe witnetles of antient fkill have ever net their uplifted eyes, have ever transfufed themfelves into their grateful hearts. I have feed them admire, and I have heard them praife; and when, as by a fudden turn to downcaft recollection, Iament and figh! Do I, O men of Vol. LXXI. p. 311. Rev. Dr. MORGAN'S Address on the "Mr. WILKINSON, ITI inexpreftible fatisfaction WI prefent to you this pre cious treafure, as a token of appro bation and eficem from the Royal Humane Society; a Society, whole foundations were laid by the enlightened philanthropy of a few individuals, but which has fince been honoured by the patronage of our most gracious Sove reign, and has extended its genial influence to the extremities of the earth. The praife of men is not the legitimate object of human actions; and your whole proceeding manifeftly fhews, that you were actuated by other and better motives. But the most modeft and difinterefted may, without a bluth, acknowledge that they feel a refined pleafure when the wife and good condefcend to notice and approve their conduct, The Royal Humane Society, in thus conveying to you their honorary medal through my hands, profelfedly bears unequivocal teftimony to your profeffional fkill, your exalted philanthropy, and your manly perfe verance in the application of the refufcitary procefs to an obfcure firanger, for fo many hours before a favourable fymptom appeared. "Think not that you have in this inftance merely preferved a fingle life, and reftored one hufband and father to his defponding family; though I am confident, you would think even that a mott ample recompenfe for all you have done. Your fuccessful efforts may excite the zeal, invigorate the exertions, and fupport the perfeverance of of others; and numbers yet unborn may, in the lapfe of time, unconfcioufly experience the falutary effects, of your work and labour of love. May the Divine Being, the author of all good, who infufed into your mind fo large a portion of Chriftian benevolence, increase it more and more! and may he reward you with the peace of God, that pafleth all understanding! which is the only foundation of happinefs in this life and the fure prefage of eternal blifs." Mr. URBAN, now daily perform, my duty. I have, at my own expence, re-built the par fonage-houfe; and every thing is decent and as it ought to be, excepting that tithes are here, as every where else, confidered as a grievance. The publick are alfo told, that I am "writing a book on the crimes of Lings, which has been advertifed, but not yet published." Such an idea never entered my head. I never wrote or publifhed any book or pamphlet of a political nature in my life, nor ever fent a paragraph to a newspaper on the fubject of politicks thef 12 years. WM. SHAW. Chelrey Parfonage, near Bristol, Feb. 20., IN your vol. LXXI. p. 1117, is an We certainly had no intention to affertion very prejudicial to my intereft, credit, and character; "that my information, a confiderable time back, from mifreprefent Mr. Shaw; but received our church is fhut up, there being no duty a done." Since 1658 till 1795 no incumbent or curate refided at Chelvey; and the parfonage-houfe and other buildings were of courfe in ruins. Since the day of my induction to the rectory I have conftantly refided ; and have done, and correfpondent whofe letter, like a thoufand others, when ufed, is committed to the flames.-We are forry Mr. S. fhould have experienced the least difficulty conceraing tithes, which are certainly due as common right to Mr. S. as well as to every other rector. Feb. 8. Mr. URBAN, HE following account of his expences for provifions and paffage is taken England in 1800. He brought no fervant with him, and of course the expence was only that of a fingle perfon. It amounts to nearly 1251. Sterling (1001. Sterling being equal to 1801. Currency.) This document will be interefting to many of your readers of the prefent day; and will probably be much more fo to thofe who turn over your volumes half a century hence. An Account of Stock, Liquors, &c. for the Voyage. A proportion of a hogfhead of corn, 1 firkin of butter, bread, flour, &c. 42 IS 12 7 5. British Monacbifm; or, Manners and Cuf rems of the Manks and Nuns of England. By Thomas Dudley Fofbroške, M. A. F.A.S. In Two Volumes. R. F. whom, as author of "The M Economy of Monaftic Life," we have had occafion to commend (LXV. 1099), has continued the fubject in the prefent work, with the double view of giving a fatisfactory idea of monaftic manners, with the exclufion only of uninftructive, liturgical, and general matter," and of "contributing fomewhat to check the fpirit of Monachifm and Popery, which has lately been revived." He could not give it elegance, because he had to tranflate moft motley materials, and did not chufe to deftroy precifion and particularity by generalizing his language." Take the following fpecimen of this his ftyle, from preface, p. vi. "Many gentlemen, to whofe learning the highest praife is due, having mention e various printed books, I hope, if I have not always adopted their recommendations, they will accept for my excufe, that the plan of this work only admitted published matter, where MS. was def-etive, as fubfidiary, connexory, or explanatory: and that the compafs of my work, nor of many volumes in folio, would contain all that could be faid on the fubject; a labour, which, if it were done, would neither gritify the reader nor pay the author; and, after all, for reafons before-mentioned, be incomplete. Where I have given MS. known to be in print, its infertion was indifpenfable." The legendary ancientry of Glaftonbury (introduct. p. 1). The Egyptian rule, according, it feems, to the me. thod of Pachomius, was the firft here known. The monks of Ireland, ad ditionally perhaps followed Patrick, who was of the fchool of Martin in Gaul, a relative of the Hibernian apoftle. Benedict was not the laft compo fer of a monaftic rule; and Fuller obferves, that "rules calculated for the Benedictines, without any grand error, will ferve all orders." Mr. F. gives that order the preference. Abftracis of the "Concordia regularum" of Dunftan, and the "Decretals" of Lanfranc, are given in chap. I. Whether the profeffion of Antiquary is a more lofing game than formerly, or Antiquarian writers more affect brevity, certain it is that Meflrs. Hutchinfon, Noble, and Foforooke, are fo fludioully concife, that they give names GENT. MAG, February, 1902, and references by halves; and the fe cond author cited in the first part of the preface is not to be known: "Dev. Vie Monaft." Tyrwh. p. 65; Jo. and Steev. ibid. "Familiar writers," "familiar ecclefiattical and national hiftorians" (p. 17). "Superannuation of ftatutes." (p. 20.) The first rule of monks that we meet with among us is the Saxon tranflation of that of Benedict, in the reign of Edgar, at Winchester. (p. 21.) There is but too much reafon to fuffpect that the account of the "Holy Sepulchre" in Redcliffe church, Brif tol, taken from a record there, Barret, 578, is a Rowleian fiction. The IId chapter is taken up with monaftic officers, abbot and abbefs; their election, duty, prerogatives, cere monials, habits. On the feafting of the abbot and prior of Gloucefter our author gives us a good fong (p. 120.) The full drefs of an abbot may be feen in Carter's Painting and Sculpture, from St. Alban's. The vices and crimes of Monachifm may be kept out of the fight of reafoning men, with whom the absurdity of their profeflion will outweigh every confideration; the reft is for the vul gar, who would tical parade, and be fhocked at their gape at their hypocri fecret enormilies; enough of which are here, p. 117 & feq. without feeking after the fecrets of the abbot of Waltham, which have not yet been found. See our vol. LVII. p. 383. Among officers attached to abbots, the attornatus ad fećtam hundredi," p. 136, may be the fame with the hundredarius" of St. Alban's, who has an epitaph in the church of South Mimms. abbot, and he alfo had his fuite; and The prior was the next only to the under him was a fub-prior. There were the fame diftinétions of tion of all thefe is followed by an apofficers in nunneries. The enumera pendix of fupplementary matter, which concludes vol. I. fitors, and ftrangers; libraries and writing-rooms. The fuppofed, writing of a nun, a fhocking fcrawl, the lines ir regular, the letters variouйy fized and rudely made, fill exifts in MS. Cott. Cleop. c. ᏙᎥ . p. 200*. Studies, mifericords, or relaxations, farm-houfes, fanctuaries, dependent churches, veftiaries and habits, granges, fong-fchools, mints, gardens, &c. &c. Thefe articles, we think, might have been better arranged. The work concludes with fome unpublished matter on the diffolution of religious houfes; fome valuable emendations of Bp. Gibson's Verfion of the Saxon Chronicle, which are introduced in "a note communicated by Mr. Henry Ellis, fellow of St. John's college, Oxford, of whofe pure archæological tafte and unwearied industry the publick poffeffes a fatisfactory fpecimen in the Hiftory of Shoreditch;" and an animated Ode, under the title of "The Triumphs of Vengeance; or, The Count of Julian," founded on an interefting event in the Spanish hiftory, related in Heylyn's Colinography, p.213. 6. Munimenta Antiqua; or, Offervations on antient Cafles; including Remarks on the whole Progrefs of Archite&ture, ecclefiaftical as well as military, in Great Britain; and on the corresponding Changes in Manners, Languages, and Cuflems; tending bath to illuftrate modern Hiftory and to clucidate many inte efling Paffages in various antient Claffic Authors. By Edward King, Ffq. F.R.S. and AS. Volumes I. and II. THE firft volume of this work, which feems likely to grow to a veluminous extent, was published in 1799, and treated folely of the earliest periods in Britain, before the invafion of the Romans, 66 Norman genius. Over the foul and foolith abominations of horrible idolatry among the Druids Mr. K. wifhes a veil fhould be for ever drawn. The object of his purfuit, with all its difliculties, blundering fervants, blurred memoranda, roads almoft impaflable, repeated vifits, and treacherous memory, has been to “ elucidate truth, and inveftigate the real hittory o paft ages; one of the most noble and interefting employments that can occupy the human mind." He began this inveftigation with two memoirs on cafiles and caftellated manfions. in the Archeologia, vols. IV. and VI. and purfued it in examining the veftiges of Oxford caftle, which is to ferve as an appendix to this larger work. He diftinguishes the different alterations of the most noted cattles, Rochefter, Norwich, and Canterbury, and expreffes them by the drawings of Mr. John Sanders, now of Bath, and his own niece, Anne Copfon, now married to the Hon. Henry Windfor. Mr. K. afcribes the origin of the canibal difpolition of the Caribbee Indians and New Zealanders to a fort of imagined neceflity. We have obferved that canibalifin arofe from reverence to friends, and from revenge to enemies. Thus feveral Indian nations devour their parents and their prifoners taken in war. Thus the Numidian mentioned by Livy, difabled and dying on the body of his laughtered foe, tore it in pieces with his teeth. The first dawnings of architecture were derived by this country from the Phoenicians. far the account of the Hyperboreaus, Mr. K. endeavours to afcertain how in Diodorus Siculus, applies to our the days of primaval fimile, and whether the double hareeft plicity and rudenels, the days of Dru- related to both corn and hay, and the difin, and of patriarchal manners;" in phænomenon of the moon to their tatreating of which, the author has been king more notice than other people of Jed very much, by conclufions even on different grounds, to agree with the zontal moon, or that they had a farther the comparative largenets of the Lorilearned Doctor Stukeley, and to a add new and additional light to the ob- degree of optical and attronomical fervations of Rerland, Borlafe, and knowledge than even Cæfar was aware of But he is of opinion the feience as yell as magnificence of the Druids has been eftimated too highly. others. The fecond volume relates to the works of the Romans in this island, and the improvements introduced by them. A third, ready for the prefs, will contain the hiftory of what truly relates to Sacon times, and the fourth, the hiftory of the firenpous efforts of It would be worth engraving in facfimile. Ebiz. "To difcover what effects of feience mains of British Antiquity, and with are certainly apparent among the rewhat fort of care any kind of derivative advantage feem to have been purfed, either by the Britons themselves, or by their various fuccellors, in a long fucceffiont fucceffion of ages, will be the purport of the enfuing theets." Book I. After an introductory view of the progrets of fociety, from the favage to the prefent fiate, among us, chap. I. treats of the form and confiruction of Brith huts. An arrangement is then made of, 1. Britith poits, or firong holds; 2. Stones of memorial; S. Circles of memorial, of obfervance and obfervation; 4. Sacred circles, with altars of oblation; 5. Altar for facrifice and divination; 6. Kiftvaens, or tombs; 7. Barrows and Cairns; 8. Logans, or rocking-ftones; 9. Tolmen and batinftones. The oldeft British town Mr. K. finds at Ambrefbury bank, near Copthall, Eflex, in which they dwelt in huts of reeds and wood, like the Gauls. Whether Rowland found the foundations of thefe huts in Anglefea is to us uncertain. As hill-fortreffes Mr. K. gives the camps of Moel Arthur; Herefordshire beacon; Britt, in Staffordthire; Moely-gaer, in Flintshire; one near Montgomery; Caer Caradoc, co. Salop; Trer Cacri, Penmaen Mawr, Carn Madryn, Boduan, and Dinas, all co. Caer narvon; Pen-y-parc, and Pen-y-Cryg, co. Brecnoc; Kambre hill, the white and brown Catterthun, in Augas; Mouline, co. Perth; Knockferrel, in Rofs and Galloway; Wharton crag, Old Ofweftry, Old Winchefter, Vandlebury, co. Cambridge; dpe Wood calile, Caer bran, Cafile Dinas, Barline hill, all three in Cornwall; Maiden castle, co. Dorfet; Maiden bower, co. Bedford. Hill-fortreffes with flone buildings added, or their names greatly changed: Crag-y-Dinas, Merionethfhire; Billington, berry, and Castle hill, co. Stafford; Hungborough, co. Northampton; Mownflow cafile, co. Derby; Caergirle, co. Flint; Delvin, in Strathmore. Caves, or hiding-places: at Royfion, Crayford, Feversham, Tilbury, and in the ile of lay. Hiding-pits [abfurdly enough] called inverted barrows, on Coomb hills, near Croydon; on Mouthold hill, Norfolk; car Winchefter; Piddleton, Lewes, Winfier; on South downs, Suflex'; and on the black mountains, co. Caermarthen; and Pen pits, co. Somerfet; and in the vale of White Horse; fometimes on hill-fortrefles, as at Thetford: odd ones at Hawthornden, and in Lowth: dif ferent kinds in Cornwall; near Kildmay caftle, Scotland; in the Western ifles; the giant's cave near rith. Earth-houfes in the Wetlern ifles, and near Leith. Similar fortrefles, called Racks, in Ireland, with their little hil locks for kitchens. Smaller mounts even for private habitation in Ireland. Excavations in fome antient mountains. Defcription of Old Sarum, Badbury rings and Wood caille, Anaudale. Obfervations concerning the drelles, armour,nd appearances, of the antient Brous and their cars. Many of thefe earthworks Mr. K. takes on (raft from other people's view and defcription ; whereas, in a collection of them on an extended plan like his, every thing fhould have pailed under his own eye. Elle, what fecurity have we from the bluudering of fervants, blotted notes, and fhort memories of other defcribers? Many of these Mr. K. himself never faw; yet, fpeaking of Apifwoodhill camp, which he defcribes after Dr. Plot, he adds, "It would be an omiffion, on this occafion, not to make fome mention of it." It is the misfor tune of writers attached to an hypothefis, that they firain conjecture beyond the bounds of probability; as here, in the inftance of Elden-kole, which Mr. K. would fain perfuade himfelf to have been fimilar to the hiding-place of Jofephus at Jotapata. Not lefs imaginary is the fcene, compofed by Mr. Sanders, of antient Britifh prielts and foldiers, and the golden fickle or hook of the Druids, found in Cornwall, which Dr. Lort, with his ufual fagacity, turned, at once from gohi to brass (fee Archæologia, XII. 415). Rowland's and Sammes's portraits of antient Britons are the creatures of their own brain; for, it may reafonably be doubted if any cotem porary reprefentation of them exifts. Mr. K. admits inaccuracy in Sammes's figures of the British cars, yet he himfelf reduces the antient Britith cars and huts to modern Welth fledges, or carts without wheels, and pigties. Stones of nemorial are of univerfal erection. Circles (ftones fet up in form of circles), whether for memorial, obfervance, or obfervation, are not fo general. To us it appears that the great ftones fet up on Mount Ebal were put or laid together, to form one mals or block, called an altar, to be plattered and infcribed; and the prohibition of using an iron tool implies only that they fhould be fet up in their rude and natural fate, without affecting flat or finooth ferfaces; as is exactly the cafe |