238 P'D. II. ARNOLD AND ANDRE. P'T. III. them through, by bluster and bravado. In the end these accounts were disallowed; he was tried, for his CH. IX. disrespectful language and behaviour to those in authority; and by the sentence of a court martial, reprimanded by Washington. 1780. and Revenge 3. Revenge was now added to avarice; and Arnold treason addressed a letter to Col. Robinson at New York, follow. opening, by this means, a negotiation with Sir Henry price of Clinton, in which he sold himself to the British to do himself their bidding, for the sum of ten thousand pounds, and his and a commission in the British army. The country's com blood. 4. Instigated by Clinton, he sought and obtained of He ob- Washington the command of the fortress at West tains the Point. His first measure was to scatter the army, so mand at that it might be easily cut off by the British. Major Point. André, the young and interesting aid-de-camp of Gen. Major Clinton, had been by him intrusted to plan with Arnold, Andre. how the army might be put into the power of the British. West 5. To concert their last measures, André met Arnold a little below Stony Point. They spent the whole Sept. 21. night in conference; and when the day dawned, their They arrangements were not all concluded. André was kept personal in close concealment through the day, and at night he prepared to return. By the entreaties of Arnold, he was prevailed upon to change his uniform for a common dress. have a inter view. 6. It became necessary for him to proceed towards New York by land. He took a horse from Arnold, and a passport, under the name of John Anderson. Having safely passed the American guard, and reached Andre is Tarrytown, near the British posts, three soldiers of the taken by militia crossed his way, and he passed on. One of soldiers. them thought the traveller had something peculiar in his appearance, and called him back. André inquired, "where are you from?" "From below," (intending three 2. What was done by a court martial?-3. What did Arnold's fierce passions next lead him to? For what did he sell himself? 4. What command did he obtain? Why did he scatter the army? Whom did Sir Henry Clinton authorize to plan with Arnold the delivery of the army?-5. Relate the circumstances of the interview? -6. Relate the circumstances of André's seizure? ANDRE IMPRISONED. 239 to be understood from New York,) replied the soldiers. P'T. III. "So am I," said the self-betrayed André. The soldiers P'D. II. arrested him. CH. IX. 1750. Wil 7. André plead earnestly to be released, and offered large sums of money; but the humble patriots spurned the bribe, and were deaf to the entreaty. Their Paulding, names were John Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac liams, Van Wert. They searched his person, and found pa- Wert. pers in his boots, in the hand-writing of Arnold, which disclosed the treason. They immediately conducted and Van They to the André to Col. Jameson, the officer, who commanded the advanced guard, near Peekskill. This officer could take him not be persuaded that his general was a traitor, and he permitted André to write to him. Arnold seized a boat and escaped. . What did André? What were the names of the three who seized him? What further happened to Andre and Arnold? nearest Ameri can fort. 240 P'T. III. P'D. II. Execu CORNWALLIS IN THE CAROLINAS. 8. Washington summoned a court martial, of which Greene and La Fayette were members. André appearCH. IX. ed before his judges with a noble frankness. He disguised no fact, and resorted to no subterfuge. His judges, according to the usages of war, were comOct. 2. pelled to sentence him to death as a spy. He was accordingly led from his prison to the gallows. Andre. 9. After the battle of Camden, Lord Cornwallis marched into North Carolina. He had sent before Oct. 7. him Col. Ferguson with a body of troops. They had the Br.at committed such shocking outrages, that the people, King's highly exasperated, had collected in great numbers, tain. under several commanders, the principal of whom were Campbell and Shelby. They attacked Ferguson on a woody eminence, called King's Mountain. He was killed and his party totally defeated. Defeat of Moun Br. loss 300. lis re 10. This was a severe blow to Cornwallis, and rendered his situation in North Carolina precarious, Cols. Sumpter and Marion were on the alert, and his Cornwal- troops were in continual danger of being surprised by treats to these active leaders. He therefore retired to South S. C. Carolina, and stationed his army at Winnsborough. Affair at 11. Tarleton was sent in pursuit of Sumpter. He stocks. attacked him at Blackstocks, but was compelled to Dec 2. retreat. Sumpter being dangerously wounded, his Gates is forces were disbanded. Gen. Gates was now superseded by seded by Gen. Greene. This officer found the army at Greene. Charlottetown. Black super Arnold 12. Gen. Leslie, with 1,500 men, having joined makes a Cornwallis at Winnsborough, his hopes of reducing descent North Carolina and Virginia were renewed. Arnold, Virginia. Whom the British had made a brigadier-general, had upon been sent to the Chesapeake. He landed 1600 men in Virginia, and commenced, what now seemed his favorite employment, the devastation of his country. 8. What course did Washington pursue? What was the fate of Andre?-9. Describe the operations of the British? Who had committed outrages? Who were the leaders of the people? Describe the affair of King's Mountain?-10. Why did Cornwallis now retire to South Carolina ?-11. Give an account of the affair at Blackstocks? By whom was Gates superseded? Where did Green find the army?-12. What can you relate of Arnold? THE GREATNESS OF A MAN OF BUSINESS. 241 CHAPTER X. Robert Morris.-Revolt of the Pennsylvania line.-Cornwallis at the South. CH. X. 1. It is scarcely possible to conceive a situation P'T. III. more trying than that of the American Congress. P'D. II.. They were striving, not for conquest, but for existence; their powerful foe was in full strength, in the heart of their country; they had great military opera- Perplexi tions to carry on, but were almost without an army, ties of and wholly without money, as their bills of credit had ceased to be of any value. 1780 congress.. tax to raise national 2. But instead of sinking in despair, they redoubled their exertions. They directed their agents abroad to They lays borrow, if possible, from France, Spain, and Holland. a direct They resorted to taxation, and they determined on introducing thorough reform, and strict economy. They money.. accordingly appointed as treasurer, the excellent Ro- Morris bert Morris, of Philadelphia. By a national bank, to founds which he obtained the approbation of congresss, he the first contrived to draw out the funds of wealthy indivi- bank. duals; and by borrowing, in the name of the government from this bank, and pledging freely his private Franklin. credit, he once more put the government in funds. Franklin had obtained from Louis XVI. a gift of six millions of livres; and his guarantee to the States General of Holland, which, on this security, lent to congress the sum of ten millions of livres. 3. Before these measures had imparted vigor to the fainting republic, an event occurred which threatened its subversion. The Pennsylvania line, amounting to near 1,500 men, were suffering the extremity of want. A violent tumult broke out on the night of the 1st of January. The soldiers declared that they would march, with arms in their hands, to the hall of congress, and demand justice. It was in vain that their CHAPTER X.-1. What difficulties had congress to encounter? -2. What course did they take? Whom did they make treasurer ? What measures did Morris adopt? What had Franklin obtained?-3. Give an account of the mutiny of Jan. 1781 ? obtains money from France and Holland.. 1781. Jan. 1. Revolt of the Pa. line. 242 P'D. II. REVOLT QUELLED.—THE COWPENS. PT. III. officers attempted to appease them. Their most popular leader, La Fayette, was constrained to quit the Gen. Wayne presented himself boldly among them, with a pistol in his hand, but they menaced his life, and pointed their bayonets, as if to execute their threats. 1781. Jan. A pacific course ington and by con 4. Sir Henry Clinton, informed of these affairs, sent advised three American loyalists, to make them the most by Wash- tempting offers. The commissioners of congress offered them at the same time, the earliest possible payadopted ment of arrears, an immediate supply of necessary gress. clothing, and an oblivion of past conduct. The muClinton's tineers accepted these proposals; and congress, in due emissa time, fulfilled the conditions. The Pennsylvanians hanged. then delivered up the emissaries of Clinton, who were immediately hanged. The troops of New Jersey next Jersey erected the standard of revolt. Washington marched troops revolt against them with so powerful a force, that he compelled them to submit; and chastising their leaders ished. with severity, the army was no longer disturbed by sedition. ries New and are pun Greene separates 5. Gen. Greene separated the southern army, which consisted of 2,000 men, into two parts; and at the the head of one division he encamped at the confluence southern of Hicks' creek with the Pedee; while Col. Morgan, into two at the head of the other, moved by his direction into Jan. 17. the western part of the state. army divisions. Battle of the Cow 6. Cornwallis detached Tarleton, who finding Morpens. gan's division at a place called the Cowpens, attacked Br. loss, 800. with his usual impetuosity. After one of the severest Am. loss, and best fought engagements of the whole war, the wounded British were entirely defeated, with heavy loss. 12 k., 60 7. Cornwallis pursued the victorious party. Each Morgan pursued army exerted themselves to reach the fords of the wallis. Catawba, before the other. Morgan succeeded; having crossed the river two hours only, when the British by Corn 3. What was done to overawe, and what to appease the mutineers ? -4. What did Sir H. Clinton? How was the difficulty settled? What was done to Clinton's emissaries? What happened in regard to the troops of New Jersey?-5. How did Gen. Greene proceed in regard to the southern forces? Relate the affair of the Cowpens, mentioning the loss? Give an account of the race between the two armies? -6. 7. |