and Arambys. Thence we came to the great river Lixus, [or Morocco,] which flows from Libya. On its banks the Lixitæ, a shepherd tribe, were feeding flocks, amongst whom we continued some time on friendly terms. Beyond the Lixitae dwelt the inhospitable Aethiopians, who pasture a wild country intersected by large mountains, from which they say the river Lixus flows. In the neighbourhood of the mountains lived the Troglodytae, men of various appearances, whom the Lixitae described as swifter in running than horses.

Having procured interpreters from them we coasted along a desert country towards the south two days. Thence we proceeded towards the east the course of a day. Here we found in a recess of a certain bay a small island, containing a circle of five stadia, where we settled a colony, and called it Cerne, [probably at the spot now called Arguin or Ghir]. We judged from our voyage that this place lay in a direct line with Carthage; for the length of our voyage from Carthage to the Pillars was equal to that from the Pillars to Cerne.

We then came to a lake which we reached by sailing up a large river called Chretes, [which appears to have been the river of St. John, about sixty miles to the south of Arguin]. This lake had three islands, larger than Cerne; from which proceeding a day's sail, we came to the extremity of the lake, that was overhung by large mountains, inhabited by savage men, clothed in skins of wild beasts, who drove us away by throwing stones, and hindered us from landing. Sailing thence we came to another river, [the Senegal,] that was large and broad, and full of crocodiles and river-horses; whence returning back we came again to Cerne.

Thence we sailed towards the south twelve days, coasting the shore, the whole of which is inhabited by Aethiopians, who would not wait our approach, but fled from us. Their language was not intelligible even to the Lixitae, who were with us. Towards the last day we approached some large mountains covered with trees, the wood of which was sweet-scented and variegated. Having sailed by these mountains for two days, we came to an immense opening of the sea, [probably the mouth of the Gambia]; on each side of which, towards the continent, was a plain; from which we saw by night fire arising at intervals in all directions, either more or less.

Having taken in water there, we sailed forwards five days near the land, until we came to a large bay, which our interpreters informed us was called the Western Horn, [now called the Gulf of Bissago]. In this was a large island, and in the island a saltwater lake, and in this another island, where, when we had landed,

we could discover nothing in the day-time except trees; but in the night we saw many fires burning, and heard the sound of pipes, cymbals, drums, and confused shouts. We were then afraid, and our diviners ordered us to abandon the island. Sailing quickly away thence, we passed a country burning with fires and perfumes; and streams of fire supplied from it fell into the sea. The country was impassable on account of the heat. We sailed quickly thence, being much terrified; and passing on for four days, we discovered at night a country full of fire. In the middle was a lofty fire larger than the rest, which seemed to touch the stars. When day came we discovered it to be a large hill called the Chariot of the Gods, [either Mount Sagres, or the Mountain of Lions which overhangs Sierra Leone]. On the third day after our departure thence, having sailed by those streams of fire, we arrived at a bay called the Southern Horn, [or Sherbro' Sound]; at the bottom of which lay an island like the former, having a lake, and in this lake another island, full of savage people, the greater part of whom were women, whose bodies were hairy, and whom our interpreters called Gorilla. Though we pursued the men we could not seize any of them; but all fled from us, escaping over the precipices, and defending themselves with stones. Three women were however taken; but they attacked their conductors with their teeth and hands, and could not be prevailed upon to accompany us. Having killed them, we flayed them, and brought their skins with us to Carthage. We did not sail farther on, our provisions failing us.

INDEX.

castes in India, according to Megas-
thenes, ib.; the seven Aegyptian
castes, according to Herodotus, 482;
the Priests or piromis, ib.; the Sol-
diers, 483; the Herdsmen, 485; the
Swineherds, 486; the Traders, ib.; the
Interpreters, ib.; the Steersmen, 487.
Aegyptians, manners and customs of,
480; physical characteristics of
487; Herodotus's memoranda of
the contrasts between their customs
and those of other nations, 489;
their food, 492; carried round the
image of a corpse at drinking parties,
494; preserved an ancient dirge
called Maneros, ib.; manner of
mourning, 495; embalming, 496;
art of medicine, 498; geometry, 499;
their modes of writing, ib.; ship-
building, 501; feticism, 502; main-
tenance of animals, 503; established
mode of sacrifice, 507.
Aenea, 119.
Aenira, 107.
Aenus, 126, 128.

ib.; traces the deities of Greece to
an Aegyptian origin, ib.; effect pro-
duced on the modern student, ib.;
religious conceptions of the Aegyp-
tians themselves, dependent upon
the spiritual and mental state of the
worshipper, 439; modern ideas of
Aegyptian deities dependent upon
the student's own state of religious
culture, ib.; identification of Ae-
gyptian conceptions with revealed
truths, contradicted by the idolatry
and conduct of the people, ib.; va-
luable character of Herodotus's in-
formation, 440; Aegyptians the most
pious of mankind, and the first who
instituted the forms and ceremonies
of religious worship, 441; astrology,
ib.; prodigies, ib.; omens, ib.; di-
vination, ib.; oracles held in the
highest veneration, 412; Aegyptian
deities divided by Herodotus into
three classes, viz. the eight great gods,
the twelve gods, and the gods sprung
from the twelve, ib.; no heroes wor-
shipped, ib.; chronology of the gods,
ib.; explanation of the triple divi-
sion, 443; primeval belief in one
great God, ib.; 1st Class of gods-
deified attributes, ib.; 2nd Class-Aeolidae, 80.
lower emanations, ib.; 3rd Class-
physical objects, abstract ideas, etc.,
ib.; identification of the eight prim-
ary gods with Egyptian deities, 444;
confusion between the second and
third class deities, 453; miscellane-
ous divinities mentioned by Herodo-
tus, 454; Osiris, Isis, Horus, and
the calf Apis, 461.

Aegyptian architecture, its religious
character contrasted with the aes-
thetic architecture of Greece, ib.;
plan of an Aegyptian temple, 368;
approached by an avenue of sphinxes,
ib.; colossi and obelisks before the
grand entrance, ib. ; interior, con-
sisting of an open court, a portico,
an hypostile hall, and a holy recess,
ib.; frequent multiplication of the
entrances, courts, porticoes, and
halls, both in front and on each side
of the holy recess, ib.; names and
descriptions of the several parts, 369;
the sacred enclosure, or ieron, 370;
the avenue, or dromos, ib.; the en-
trance, or propylaea, ib.; the open
court behind the propylaea, ib.; the
portico, or pronaos, ib.; the second
pronaos, or hypostile hall, ib.; the
proper temple, or naos, 371; cham-
bers, galleries, and passages, for the
use of the priests, ib.

Aegyptian castes, 481; two castes
omitted by Diodorus, ib.; seven

Aeolians, to be considered as Pelas-
gians, 33; their eleven cities on the
continent, and seven on the islands,
216; inhabited Ilium, 228.

Aeschrionian tribe of Samians occupy-
ing the city Oasis, 560.
Aeschylus, his geographical know-
ledge, 8.

AETHIOPIA, Asiatic, its inhabitants con-
trasted with the Aethiopians of Li-
bya, 299; strange head-dress, ib.;
country identified with Gedrosia, or
Beloochistan, ib.

Aethiopia, general description of, 515;
Aethiopia of Herodotus, its wide
signification, 521; his description of
the land and people, ib. ; Arab races
in Aethiopia, 522; three Aethiopian
nations mentioned by Herodotus,
viz. Aethiopians above Aegypt, ib.;
Automoli, 524; Macrobians, 526.
Aethiopians above Aegypt, 522; wor-
ship of Dionysus, and sacred city of
Nysa, ib.; nomades, ib.; Ichthy-
ophagi, 523; Troglodytae, ib.; con-
quests of Cambyses, ib.; costume
and equipment of the Aethiopians in
the army of Xerxes, ib.; city of Me-
roe, 524; worship of Zeus and Dio-
nysus, ib.

AETOLIA, scattered potices of, 84.
Aetolians of Elis, 45.
AFRICA, imperfect state of its geography,
335; considered by Herodotus to be
surrounded by water, excepting at
the Isthmus of Suez, ib.; story of
its circumnavigation by Phoenicians,
ib.; voyage of Sataspes, ib.; possi-