An Introduction to the Study of Experimental MedicineMacmillan, 1927 - 226 sidor First English translation of the classical work on the principles of physiological investigation in life sciences. |
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Sida 59
... inner force , which presides over mani- festations of life more and more independent of general cosmic in- fluence ... nature , they are all devoid of spontaneity . As the manifestation of their prop- erties is therefore absolutely bound up ...
... inner force , which presides over mani- festations of life more and more independent of general cosmic in- fluence ... nature , they are all devoid of spontaneity . As the manifestation of their prop- erties is therefore absolutely bound up ...
Sida 61
... inner force that rules all its acts and liberates it from the influence of ... environment . But if we consider it , we shall soon see that the spontaneity ... environment appears only in complex higher animals . Inferior beings , such as ...
... inner force that rules all its acts and liberates it from the influence of ... environment . But if we consider it , we shall soon see that the spontaneity ... environment appears only in complex higher animals . Inferior beings , such as ...
Sida 62
... environment . It is the same again with cold - blooded animals ; the ... inner force seems to join combat with these influences and in spite of them ... environment comes less easily into equilibrium with the external cosmic environ- ment ...
... environment . It is the same again with cold - blooded animals ; the ... inner force seems to join combat with these influences and in spite of them ... environment comes less easily into equilibrium with the external cosmic environ- ment ...
Sida 63
... conditions of the internal environment in which they are immersed . In our explanations we suppress this inner en- vironment and see only the outer environment before our eyes . But the real explanation of vital phenomena rests on study ...
... conditions of the internal environment in which they are immersed . In our explanations we suppress this inner en- vironment and see only the outer environment before our eyes . But the real explanation of vital phenomena rests on study ...
Sida 76
... environment ; but to establish the science of experimental biology , we must also conceive an inner environment . I believe I was the first to express this idea clearly and to insist on it , the better to explain the application of ...
... environment ; but to establish the science of experimental biology , we must also conceive an inner environment . I believe I was the first to express this idea clearly and to insist on it , the better to explain the application of ...
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An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine Claude Bernard Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 1957 |
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine Claude Bernard Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 2012 |
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine Claude Bernard Begränsad förhandsgranskning - 1957 |
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absolute anatomists anatomy animals applied believe biological science blood carbon monoxide carnivora cause chemical chemistry chemists chyle Claude Bernard Collège de France complex cosmic environment counterproof criterion curare deduction defined definite determinism discoveries disease empirical empiricism ence established experimental idea experimental medicine experimental method experimental reasoning experimental science explain facts gland glycogenesis histological units hypothesis influence inner environment inorganic bodies investigation knowledge laws living bodies logical Longet manifestations means mechanism medi ment mind natural phenomena necessarily necessary nerve never nomena ologists organic environment ourselves oxygen pancreatic juice pathological perimental phenomena of living phenomenon philosophic physi physicians physicists physico-chemical conditions physico-chemical sciences physics physiology point of view preconceived idea properties prove relation scholasticism sciences of observation scientific medicine scientific method sources of error starting point statistics sugar theory therapeutic things tion tissues to-day truth urine verify vital phenomena vitalistic vivisection warm-blooded word
Populära avsnitt
Sida 13 - The art of investigation is the cornerstone of all the experimental sciences. If the facts used as a basis for reasoning are ill-established or erroneous, everything will crumble or be falsified; and it is thus that errors in scientific theories most often originate in errors of fact.
Sida 15 - Where then, you will ask, is the difference between observers and experimenters ? It is here: we give the name observer to the man who applies methods of investigation, whether simple or complex, to the study of phenomena which he does not vary and which he therefore gathers as nature offers them. We give the name experimenter to the
Sida 37 - we start from an axiom or principle whose truth is absolutely necessary and conscious, freedom no longer exists; truths once established are immutable. Geometricians are not free to question whether the three angles of a triangle are or are not equal to two right angles; consequently they are not free to reject the logical consequences deduced from this principle.
Sida 41 - proper moment, in the sense that there is a necessary and ordered sequence in the appearance of scientific discoveries. Great men may be compared to torches shining at long intervals, to guide the advance of science. They light up their time, either by discovering unexpected and fertile
Sida 222 - before them, becomes at once their sole torment and sole happiness. Those who do not know the torment of the unknown cannot have the joy of discovery which is certainly the liveliest that the mind of man can ever feel. But by
Sida 18 - in conditions which nature often has not yet achieved. With the help of these active experimental sciences, man becomes an inventor of phenomena, a real foreman of creation; and under this head we cannot set limits to the power that he may gain over nature through future progress in the experimental sciences.
Sida 59 - animals, their more acute sensitiveness brings with it still more notable reactions and disturbances. Many physicians and speculative physiologists, with certain anatomists and naturalists, employ these various arguments to attack experimentation on living beings. They assume a vital force in opposition to physico-chemical forces, dominating all the phenomena
Sida 222 - by a whim of our nature, the joy of discovery, so sought and hoped for, vanishes as soon as found. It is but a flash whose gleam discovers for us fresh horizons, toward which our insatiate curiosity repairs with still more ardor. Thus, even in science itself, the known loses its attraction, while the unknown is always full of charm.
Sida 139 - if based on statistics, medicine can never be anything but a conjectural science; only by basing itself on experimental determinism can it become a true science, ie, a sure science. I think of this idea as the pivot of experimental medicine, and in this respect experimental physicians take a wholly different point of view from so-called observing physicians.