twice altered in this reign; the hood (or chaperon) and surcoat being changed from white to scarlet in the thirteenth year, and then shortly afterwards again being coloured white. When the order was first founded we learn they both were blue, and at various after intervals we find them spoken of as purple, black, again blue, violet and white; indeed, the colour of their robes was so continually changing that the Garter Knights were chaffingly addressed as Knights Chameleon, instead of Knights Companion. Not less singularor rather plural-were the numbers of garters which were broidered on their vestments; the allowance in this reign being no less than a hundred and twenty for a Duke, and gradually decreasing down to a Knight Bachelor, who was permitted to wear sixty on his hood and surcoat, or as we perhaps might now say, hat and overcoat. No restriction was placed upon the robes of royalty; and on HENRY'S hood and surcoat the number that were broidered was a hundred and seventythree. It seems rather odd to us that he selected this odd

number, but we learn from yoUNG GENTS. TEMP. HENRY THE SIXTH. FROM ASHMOLE that the fact was even so. We should certainly have fancied that a hundred broidered garters was quite enough for any single man to wear; and although the King was married, we think he might have done without the extra seventy-three.

Lawyers and Lord Mayors and other men in offices were gorgeously arrayed in gowns made rather long and full, sometimes parti-coloured, trimmed and lined with fur, and girdled round the waist. To keep their learned heads warm, they wore hoods with a long tippet, or streamer, hanging from them, whereby they were sometimes slung over the shoulder. We read in an old chronicle, which is too badly spelt to quote, that in the year 1432, when HENRY came to England after being crowned the reigning King of France (how his reigning there was stopped and how he had to mizzle, the recollection of the reader will not need us to relate) the Lord Mayor of London rode to meet him at Eltham, being arrayed in crimson velvet, and a great furred velvet hat, wearing about his middle a splendid girdle of gold, and having a golden baldrick fastened round his neck, and trailing down his back. His three henchmen, or pages, we are told, were in one suit of red, spangled with silver;" while to add to the effect, the aldermen wore scarlet gowns with purple hoods, and all the city commonalty white gowns and scarlet hoods, with divers cognisances embroidered on their sleeves.

We think if LORD MAYOR CUBITT, instead of having ballet girls and men in brass from Astley's to dance and prance before him in procession to Guildhall, were simply to array himself in crimson and in gold, and, to crown all, were to clap on a great furred velvet hat, and were then to caper, with his aldermen and henchmen, through the usual Guy Day route, he certainly would make an exhibition of himself that would be vastly more attractive than any Lord Mayor's Show which it has ever been our fortune, or our misery, to witness. By what means he could possibly prevail on his three henchmen to appear like their old ancestors in only "one red suit" between them, is a matter we confess we are unable to determine, but which possibly a spirit-rapper, or some other conjurer, might help him to decide.

A Musical Key Wanted.

THE Athenæum and the Musical World are always alluding to "The Musical Pitch." We don't know what this may be, but should say it was the very thing for grand incantation scene, like that in Der Freischütz. Perhaps DIBDIN composed all his celebrated Tar songs with this same musical pitch? or is it a kind of wash that the Ethiopian Serenaders are in the habit of using to black their faces with? Of course it is never used for light music?

A WELL-SEASONED ARMY.

It was with the greatest difficulty that HANNIBAL transported his army over the Alps by means of vinegar-but you will see that LOUIS NAPOLEON will carry his troops over with the greatest ease the moment he gets them mustered.

MARRIED TO MUSIC.

AN unusually comic "Marriage in High Life," on Saturday last week, took place, according to the Morning Post, at another Temple of Hymen than St. George's, Hanover Square. The superior classes are now out of Town, and nothing is going on at the crack matrimonial temple there but ordinary divine service. Edinburgh, not London, comprised the site of the sacred edifice wherein these nuptial rites were celebrated. The exalted couple were an Honourable of the harder sex and an Earl's daughter of the softer. The report of these aristocratic hymenæals states that the bride ". was conducted to the altar by her guardian," a Duke, and that

"As the bride advanced to the altar, the organ played HANDEL's anthem, 'Exceeding glad.'

The bride ought to have been much obliged to the organ. Of course the anthem it played was performed chiefly with a devotional view, and not for a purpose analogous to that of a polka. Still, in advancing to an altar to be married before it, a young lady wants some support rather stronger than a smelling-bottle and the arm of her guardian. Common brides cry on these occasions, and sometimes faint. Nothing can be better calculated to fortify the heart and sustain the spirits of anybody in the immediate prospect of marriage than one of old HANDEL'S anthems-let it be even a funeral one; they are all so jolly. Perhaps, however, "Happy We," from Acis and Galatea, would have been even more seasonable and suitable than "Exceeding glad." Oh! say not that it would have been inappropriate to the sanctity of the edifice and the solemnity of the occasion. For read on, and you will arrive at the statement following:

"The marriage ceremony was then performed by the Very Rev. E. B. RAMSAY, Dean of Edinburgh; and as the marriage party left the chapel, MENDELSSOHN'S "Wedding March" was played on the organ."

St. John's Chapel, Edinburgh, is indeed a Temple of Hymen. MENDELSSOHN'S "Wedding March" is a movement in the secular direction considerably a-head, we suppose, of anything in the way of musical accompaniment to matrimony yet ventured on at St. George's, Hanover Square. What would the Bishop say if he heard that a marriage party had been played out of a London church with that jubilant composition-the gem of the music in the Midsummer Night's Dream? Perhaps, that no tune in the world could have been more opportune; only in the next similar case he would rather have it played just outside the church door by a German band, or, with due respect to the high order of the music and rank of the happy pair, by the orchestra of HER MAJESTY'S Theatre.

Should, however, the BISHOP OF LONDON not object to illustration of the marriage 'service by dramatic music, the example set at St. John's, Edinburgh, may be improved on at St. George's, Hanover Square. If the bridesmaids do not advance to the altar, they may at all events retire from it to the celebrated chorus and waltz assigned to their representatives in CARL MARIA VON WEBER's immortal opera. MOZART, in Le Nozze di Figaro, might also be laid under contribution to supply harmonious embellishments for marriage in high life. Then ROSSINI and the rest of the Italian school could be unlimitedly drawn upon. MEYERBEER could furnish selections from Robert le Diable; and there is no reason why Satanella should not be applied to the same purpose, except that Satanella is an English opera. Could not the whole matrimonial service be sung as well as said, responses and all; a musical clerk officiating for a bridegroom without ear?

66

Come

But the worst of all this will be that the lower orders, aping their betters, and at the same time actuated by their own inferior tastes, will also want to get married to music. Is there not a song called let us all haste to the Wedding?" This is the kind of thing you would have at St. Giles's if at St. George's you permitted "Giovinetti che fate." Then one thing would lead to another, and you would have couples in the costermongery line advancing to the altar whilst the organ played "Drops of Brandy," and dancing out of church to the "Devil among the Tailors."

St. John's Chapel, Edinburgh, is of course an episcopal chapel, and it is to be feared that the matrimonial music performed there on the auspicious occasion of a recent "Marriage in High Life," will not, if it should come to the ears of the Scottish public, induce the national mind of Scotland to renounce its definition of a church organ as a "kist fu o' whistles."

Consolation for a Royal Culprit.

It has been rumoured that MONS. VICTOR HUGO is in Naples. It might be an act of charity if the illustrious French author were to send the King, who is kept a close prisoner at Gaëta, a copy of his wellknown work, "Les Derniers Jours d'un Condamné."

SMALL CON FOR A SMALL TEA-PARTY.

Q. WHY is West India sugar unlike French sugar? 1. Because it can't be beet.

BEDCANDLE PHILOSOPHY.

AMONG other household comforts, we see advertised some bed candles which are made "to burn half an hour only," and which require "no snuffing" and emit "no sparks." It is obvious, we think, to any ordinary intellect, that these candles are expressly constructed for young ladies, and in especial for young ladies of a sentimental turn, who nightly take a long time in "doing" their back-hair, and in heaving up a sigh or two while thinking of the locks which theyhow willingly!-could spare for ARTHUR or AUGUSTUS, if ARTHUR OF AUGUSTUS would but breathe a wish to have them. Instead of getting into bed at once and going off to sleep, there are many girls who thus stupidly dawdle at their dressing-table, and spend half the night or more in silly suspirations in the lieu of useful sleep. To check this senseless habit, these half-hour-lasting bedcandles appear to be well fitted, and no mother of a family of sentimental daughters ought to be without them.

Another of their benefits is, that they are likewise eminently fitted to put a stop to the dangerous and deleterious practice, so common with young ladies, of reading trash in bed. The stuff and nonsense which is annually emitted to the world through the economic medium of the circulating libraries, we rather think is largely read between the sheets, and keeps awake unhealthily the feeble minds whom it excites. Girls who come down in the morning with dim eyes and pallid cheeks, may safely be accused of being addicted to this practice; and to cure them, we should recommend these half-hour-lasting candles, with one of which they should be furnished every other night. In early life late hours are extremely detrimental; and, being past that age ourselves, we do not hesitate to say that children of eighteen or so, both masculine and feminine, ought nightly to be sent to bed much sooner than they are. Nothing (except, perhaps, a bad night and a headache) can be gained by sitting up to sigh about one's lovers, or by lying down to read the life of Laura the Lone One, or drop a tear upon the death of the Doomed Dove of the Dell! If a bad night and a headache were the

PAPAL CREDIBILITY.

THE opening sentence of the Allocution lately pronounced by the POPE contains one word which is very remarkable. His Holiness thus commences:

"Venerable Brethren,-It is with incredible pain and profound sorrow that we are forced to deplore and condemn new attacks, unheard of till these days. committed by the Piedmontese Government against us, the Holy See and the Catholic Church."

Incredible is the epithet of all possible adjectives which the Pontiff chooses to apply to the emotions which he declares himself to feel. Does he, then, indeed not care, and suppose that nobody can believe that he really cares, a baioccho about being relieved of his temporal power? If so, why does the Holy Father persist in making assertions which he knows can deceive nobody? Popes will be Popes; but even a Pope might be content with the assertion of that which is untrue. It is, as the common people say, cutting it rather too fat to affirm a thing with the distinct avowal that it is incredible. But no. In the present instance there can be no doubt that the POPE means what he says. There is every reason to suppose that he does really feel very acute pain and exceedingly deep sorrow at the prospect of losing his temporal authority. His Holiness may assure himself that the world will readily believe that all the suffering which he professes to endure on that account is genuine and unaffected. He does himself injustice in describing the pain with which his paternal heart is affected at the idea of resigning his earthly kingdom as incredible.

Historical Parallels.

CHARLES THE TENTH, when he was bundled out of Paris, amused himself by shooting sparrows along the road. FRANCIS THE SECOND, being summarily kicked out of Naples, has been amusing himself at Gaëta by firing off protests and protocols. Both sports are equally harmless, and we don't know which fall more dead, or which are more worthless-the sparrows or the protocols ?

TRUE IN THE END.

HOMEOPATHS make this boast-that the Allopaths dispense medicine, and they dispense with it. This may be partially true, owing to their losing their patients so very quickly.

YES, dance with him, Lady, and bright as they are,
Believe us he's worthy those sunshiny smiles,
Wave o'er him the flag of the Stripe and the Star,
And gladden the heart of the Queen of the Isles.
We thank you for all that has welcomed him-most
For the sign of true love that you bear the Old Land:
Proud Heiress of all that his ancestor lost,

You restore it, in giving that warm, loving hand.

And we 'll claim, too, the omen. Fate's looking askance,
And Fate, only, knows the next tune she will play,
But if JOHN and his Cousin join hands for the Dance-
Bad luck to the parties who get in their way.

The Scarlet Scold.

"UNJUST, cruel, impious, detestable, hypocritical, impudent, sacri legious, insolent, atrocious," are specimens of the epithets applied to VICTOR EMMANUEL, his Government, and his acts, in the Papal Allocution; which is full of abusive language. His Holiness the POPE calls himself the successor of the Fisherman. His language, however, smacks less of the Fisherman than of the Fishwife.

The HON. MRS. BLAND was voted into the Chair; and after an interesting discussion of about an hour upon the beautiful wedding presents made to LADY EMMA TALBOT, the elegance of the left-hand figure in the last plate in Le Follet, the wretched weather which has nipped the autumn flirtations so sadly, and the extreme stupidity of most of the new novels, it was proposed that the Meeting should proceed to business. The Chairwoman said that she wished somebody else had been put into the Chair, for she had not the slightest idea of what was wanted of her, and she had really only come in to please her friend MRS. DE CRAPAUD, who had insisted on bringing her.

Amid cries of "O my dear," "You really must," "Her rank, you know," &c., MRS. BLAND was induced to retain her seat.

Mrs. Bland. Well, my dear creatures, it's sadly unbusinesslike to choose the very worst President you could find; but just as you please. Now, MRS. NANGLES, will you kindly state what we are here for. Fido, darling dog, do lie down.

Mrs. Nangles. At last justice is done us, so far as mere words go. At last, Women, Man, from his hall of council, has been compelled to proclaim our superiority. Hitherto, as every married lady present can testify, we have only had to open our lips upon any political, legal, or social topic of the day, to be apprised that we could not understand it, that we did not know its various bearings, and that we had better confine ourselves to our own proper spheres. Do you not hate the words Proper Spheres, Ladies? (Vehement applause.) But I am happy to say that we are not likely to be again exposed to such tyrannical impertinence. A speaker at the Glasgow Congress declared, and the brutes -men, I mean-around him gave in their long withheld adhesion to the sentiment, that Law cannot be reformed unless We "take it in hand," and that "Ladies are the Best Law-Reformers." (Applause.) Any admission being made, I need only ask you whether it would be womanly not to take the fullest advantage of it? (Laughter and applause.) I am answered; and I therefore propose that a Society be formed, to be called the Ladies' Law Reform Association, and that we proceed to "take in hand" the question of the Reforms which we shall demand of the authorities. This Meeting, of course, is only preliminary. We have a wide field before us, and I hope that we shall not imitate the timid, niggling, bit-by-bit policy of men, but do the thing all at once and thoroughly, as you would make your servant clean out a

Mrs. Brompton. Upon my word I didn't look, but I know somebody said it was an English opera.

Mrs. Bland. It is by MR. MACFARREN, an intensely clever man, my dears, and a musician worth a dozen of VERDI. And I assure you that it is not the thing, now, to pretend to know nothing about English people. Excuse the hint.

Mrs. De Crapaud (in extacies). O, MRS. BLAND, my dear! Any hint from you, I'm sure!

Mrs. Sallowby. There ought to be a law that when any of those dreadful cases occur, like (Cries of Yes, yes)-you know, and the ridiculous policemen cannot find out who did it, everybody who is near

the place shall be cast into prison and kept on bread and water till they confess. (Great applause.)

Mrs. Tufton. I really think that the present state of the law about debts is very wrong. The other day a case occurred under my own knowledge. CAPTAIN SWOSHINGHAM, some of you have seen him at my house-well, I don't say that he is the wisest creature in the world, but he is excessively handsome-he had an action brought against him by a perfumer. Soldier-like, he tossed the papers in the fire, and did not condescend to take the least notice of the matter.

Miss Gusher (enthusiastically). Brave creature! I like that.

Mrs. Tufton. The wretched perfumer went on, my dears, with the aid of his horrible attorney, and one day CAPTAIN SWOSHINGHAM, while he was dressing himself, was actually dragged off to prison at the instance of that contemptible perfumer.

Mrs. Bowker. But he had had the perfumes, I suppose?

Mrs. Tufton. Of course he had, and used them, or had given them away, for he is the most generous creature breathing. There ought to be a law to prevent such disgusting impertinence in tradesmen.

Miss St. Clair. I only wish I was the Judge, or Chancellor, or whatever you call it, and a paltry ugly mean-looking tradesman came before me to annoy an officer and a gentleman.

Several voices. Ah!

Mrs. Meekham. I think there ought to be a law for preventing the lower classes from smoking their pipes in the streets. Really the whiff's of tobacco one gets in walking are perfectly dreadful. I would make it transportation for any common person to smoke anywhere except in one of his own apartments.

Mrs. Tufton. I don't think that gentlemen would support the putting down smoking in the streets. Officers are very fond of Weeds, as they wittily call them, and

Mrs. Meekham. My dear, I did not mean that for an instant. I mean bricklayers, clerks in public offices, and that sort. Indeed, it would be better (thoughtfully) in a philanthropic point of view, if such persons were forbidden to smoke, because they could put the tobaccomoney into the savings banks for their families. (Applause.)

Mrs. Spoonbury, Well, now there's another thing. The beggars, what a nuisance they are, and yet one don't like to be harsh with them, poor things, especially when they have children (applause), but it is quite wrong that they should torment you in the street, and keep the poor little things out in the cold. I think we ought to have some sort of law about that.

Mrs. Frackleton, I think that any lady who sees a beggar, should give her a card, and this should be shown to a policeman, who should immediately be obliged to see to the poor creature's being clothed and fed, and sent home with a little money in her pocket. Mrs. Spoonbury. And the expense?

Mrs. Frackleton. Of course I have thought of that. It is a great shame that such large salaries should be given to lawyers, and bishops, and those kind of people, while the poor starve. So I would cut down all those salaries, and use the money for the relief of the poor.

Mrs. Bland. My dear soul, I have not a word to say for the lawyers, but perhaps as I accidentally happen to be a little more among the bishops than some of you, I may assure you that the high payment is perfectly essential. There are a thousand reasons why it is absolutely necessary. I have had it explained to me fifty times, and-you must omit the bishops from your plan.

Mrs. De Crapaud. Oh, my dear MRS. BLAND! Why, you know everything.

Mrs. Tufton. Why, it stands to reason that a bishop's business is with the religion of the aristocracy, and what respect can a Duke or Earl have for a two-penny curate?

Mrs. St. Rubric. I must be allowed to say that I do not think you quite understand that subject. The two-penny curate, as you are pleased to call him, is as much part of the Church

Mrs. Bland (laughing apologetically). May I say Order, Order? I think we had better confine ourselves to Law Reform. I'm afraid that if we get into ecclesiastical matters we shall find differences among us.

Mrs. Tufton. I don't want to say anything. I was only supporting your view of the matter, and remarking that you can't expect noblemen and that kind of personages to be instructed by scrubby curates. Mrs. St. Rubric. I won't have curates called scrubby. Mrs. Tufton. I beg your pardon-you won't?

Mrs. St. Rubric. I won't. I suppose curates, who are educated gentlemen, and have been to College, are as good as stupid officers with their mouths full of smoke and slang.

Mrs. Tufton. An officer is

Mrs. Bland (interfering). Is my brother, and another of my brothers is a curate, so I may be allowed to speak for both of them, and assure you that they are both very good creatures in their way, but we did not meet to discuss their merits.

Mrs. De Crapaud. O, my dear MRS. BLAND! How clever you are. What tact!

Mrs. Raleigh-Buster. Now, ladies, women, wives, mothers-let us talk of something of more consequence than theology. About the