7. Robinson Tomer; bpt. at Great Harwood, July 13, 1769; died Nov. 14, 1814; buried at St. Luke's Church, City Road, London. 8. Jennet Tumer; bpt. at Great Harwood, July 13, 1769. 2. Solomon. 4. James: died Oct. 16, 1966, aged 51; buried at Wilmslow. 5. William. 7. Oswald, born 1827, died Nov., 1905; buried at Wilmslow, Cheshire. 8. Elizabeth. 6. Emanuel, born 1825: assistant comp9. Jane Turner; bpt. at Great Harwood; troller, cashier and committee clerk to the married her cousin, William Turner, M.P. Manchester Corporation from 1842 to 1857; for Blackbum, of Shrigley Hall, Co. Chester, married Hannah Boumphrey of Liverpool; and had a daughter, Ellen Tumer, who was died 1878. married, Jan. 14, 1829, to Thomas Legh, Esq., LL.D. and F.A.S., of Lyme Park, Co. Chester, and Haydock Lodge and Golborne Park, Co. Lancaster, and was the mother of Ellen Jane Legh, who in 1847 became the wife of Brabazon Lowther, fourth son of Gorges Lowther, of Hampton Hall, Co. Somerset, representative of a younger branch of the family of Lowther, raised to the peerage in 1696 under the title of Lonsdale. II. Thomas Turner of Altham Hall; bpt. Aug. 13, 1731, at Great Harwood; married. May 31, 1770, Ellen, dau. of James Aspinall of Westwell, at Whalley, and had issue :1. Thomas Turner. 2. James Turner. 3. Robert Turner, born 1790, of Shuttleworth Hall, Hopton; married Sarah, dau. of Roger Green of Whalley Abbey, and had issue :- i. Thomas Turner. ii. Roger Turner. iii. Robert Turner of Shuttleworth Hall. iv. James Turner. III. Robert Turner of Blackburn; bpt. 1734, married Ellen He died Oct. 17, 1811, and was buried at St. John's, Blackburn. She died Feb. 5, 1808, aged 72. They had issue : 1. Thomas Turner of Stokes; died 1825. 2. Robert Turner of Mill Hill and Manchester; born 1770, died March, 1842, at his residence in Piccadilly, Manchester. 3. John Turner; died 1825. 4. William Turner, born 1777; M.P. for Blackburn; of Shrigley Hall, Cheshire; married his cousin, as mentioned above, and died at Mill Hill, July 17, 1842. I am anxious to trace the connexion between this family and William Turner of Wilmslow, born 1782, who married Ellen Wilson, and had issue : 1. John, born 1811; died at Brooklyn House, Ruabon, Jan. 20, 1893; buried at Overton, Ellesmere, Salop. He married Mary and had issue :Elizabeth Hardman Turner of Thornton," Ruabon. She died Sept. 17, 1916. 66 9. Jane. 10. Ellen, born 1820: married to James Bligh. She died March 14, 1877; and he died Feb. 22, 1876. Both buried at Wilmslow. 11. Hannah; married to Christopher Batty. Mr. William Turner of Wilmslow died Sept. 28, 1865, and was buried at Wilmslow. His wife, who died Sept. 29, 1863, aged 75, was also buried at Wilmslow. The place of his birth is unknown and I have not been able to trace any record of a will. If any reader can prove the connexion with the first-named family I shall be very grateful. JAMES SETON-ANDERSON. 39, Carlisle Road, Hove, Sussex. AUTHORS WANTED (12 S. ix. 470).— "Time with a gift of tears, Grief with a glass that ran.” It has been humorously suggested that Swinburne meant to write, 4. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Vol. x. W-Wash. By Henry Bradley. (Clarendon Press. 108. net.) A LARGE proportion of the most interesting English 66 words belong to this section, which contains no 66 articles on wait," whether considered from the English Organ-Cases. By Andrew Freeman. historical point of view or from that of their (London: G. A. Mate and Son.) structure and their illustrations, are admirable. THE subject of organ-cases has the rare distinction One small criticism we may make, because it of being comparatively fresh. It sometimes seems to indicate that the makers of the great happens that a neglected subject is brought into dictionary sometimes forget how monumental a prominence by an incompetent enthusiast. Such work they are achieving. Under" wait and see a person stimulates rather than informs, functions we read: Recently often used with allusion to as a door-keeper rather than a guide. This is Mr. H. H. Asquith's repeated reply to a by no means Mr. Freeman's case. He is equipped succession of questions in Parliament.' In fifty with solid and extensive information. He knows years' time this will appear but a futile account, thoroughly well the organs and organ-cases while the precise particulars will be tiresome to throughout the length and breadth of England, find. A similar want of precision may be observed the history of the making and use of these inin the definition of "warm-blooded." Probably struments, and the principles by which the few people realize that the first uses of "waft successful construction of a good organ in its have somewhat the meaning of whiff -a taste place in a building is determined. His knowledge or flavour, then a scent carried in the air. Its nauti- of English organ-cases is illuminated by his study cal use for a flag or ensign goes back to the early of foreign examples as well as by an evident seventeenth century. As a verb waft covers competence in architecture. His book is illustrated two origins-first, a back-formation from "wafter," by a large number of excellent photographs, (cf. L.G. wachter) a convoy, and, secondly, waff, a of which the great majority were taken by himform used in Scotland and Northern England for self, and he makes dexterous use of the illustraour wave or "waive." The two meanings tions in his text. have in use become considerably confused. The obsolete word " 'waghalter" (a “ gallows-bird") is thought to survive, in jocose use, in the substantive wag." It is curious how dignified this verb once was and how it has declined in modern speech. "Waggon "-the Dutch wagen-which has a thoroughly native English sound, is in fact a sixteenth century importation, coming from the wars and used first of military transport. As a mining term it is used for a measure of weight 24 cwt. " Waif " and "waive " come from the Norman O.F. gaif, are probably of Scandinavian origin, and appear first as legal terms. Waive," however, covers also the root signifying to move or swing. The articles on "walk may be noted for their great historical interest and for the abundance of idioms and phrases they contain. Most of these are familiar-but the old "walks 64 66 66 of the Royal Exchange, a "walk" of snipes and The articles on -ward "and -wards," both as to derivation and as to development of use, are among the most valuable of the section, or, as offering fresh discussion on an important suffix, of the whole dictionary. We had marked a large number of other words, and details in the account of words, for mention, but can hardly, in a short review, cope with such an embarras de richesses. It should, however, be said that the derivations in this section are of quite special interest. The section contains 2,559 words and 14,787 quotations. The introduction of organs into England goes back to the end of the seventh century. At first rare, owing to their cost and also to the difficulty of finding a man to play them, organs had become tolerably common by the middle of the fifteenth century. At the Reformation and during the Great Rebellion many were destroyed by the zeal of iconoclasts-a destruction greatly to be regretted because, in the old examples, the case was treated as an important addition to the adornment of the church, and had lavished on it the same skill, care and feeling for beauty as the medieval craftsman brought to the fashioning of sedilia or rood-screen. The musical development of the instrument was slow, and up to the end of the seventeenth century most English organs were of small size. For hundreds of years English organ-building was done by monks, a fact which will largely explain the traditions which grew up for the design and decoration of pipes and case. custom of gilding is mentioned by St. Aldhelm. We have in England twelve organ-cases belonging to the pre-Restoration period, of which the earliest is that at St. Stephen's, Old Radnor (c. 1500), and the latest an organ-case at Blair Atholl Castle (1650). Of these an exceedingly interesting example is that at St. Nicholas, Stanford-on-Avon, Northants, which is said to have come from Whitehall and is conjectured by our author to have contained that organ which Samuel Pepys heard played on a July Sunday-the first time he remembered to have heard the organs and singing-men in surplices." The most magnificent is at King's College, Cambridge-a case built in 1605-6 by Chapman and Hartop for an organ of Thomas Dallam's; and another, worth mentioning for its attractiveness, is that at Hatfield, also probably for an organ by Dallam. The From 1660 to 1790 English organ-building produced the most numerous and famous of the older works of the art. The Dallams, the Harrises and Father Smith designed cases which, if details may be objected to as alien from their purpose when erected in churches, were yet conceived upon plans of noble and graceful proportion, and carried out with great success. violation of duty. The word in the Prayer Encyclopedia,' to an ordinance of 1541, Book has been adopted from the primers that according to which were familiar to all in the sixteenth century, primers into which it was doubtless taken from the older English versions of St. Matthew vi. 64, e.g., Wyclif, 1382; Tyndale, 1526. his Grace perceiving now the great diversity of From this it appears that no change, so In the first edition of the English Prayer "SAPIENS DOMINABITUR ASTRIS " (12 S. ix. Book, that of 1549, the Lord's Prayer 509). This highly popular quotation is to corresponds exactly with the version in our be seen in a book published in the present Liturgy, except that there is no year before the first issue of John Owen's doxology. The names of the compilers, headed by that of Archbishop Cranmer, vancement of Learning (1605), Book II. Epigrammata,' namely, in Bacon's Admay be seen at the beginning of Jeremy xxiii. 12. But it can be traced back to a Taylor's Apology for Authorized and Set much earlier date. Forms of Liturgy.' Mullinger, in his His- to in Cornelius Agrippa's De Vanitate It is clearly referred tory of the University of Cambridge,' Scientiarum,' cap. xxxi., De Astrologia ii. 102, says that of the thirteen (Taylor judiciaria' :names twelve) all but one had been educated at Cambridge. Mendacium mendacio tegunt, inquientes: Sapientem dominari astris, cum revera nec astra But the trespass form of the fifth sapienti, nec sapiens astris, sed utrisque dominetur petition occurs already in Tyndale's Newe Deus. Testamente,' 1526, where, in St. Matthew The words ar found a few years earlier in vi., we have " And forgeve vs oure treas- Giovanni Nevizzano's 'Sylva Nuptialis,' pases, even as we forgeve them which Lib. ii., sect. 97:treaspas vs." . The English version of the Paternoster, which appeared in A Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for any Christian Man,' commonly called The King's Book,' in 1543, and in the editions of The Book of Common Prayer' of 1549 and 1552, seems to have been based on Tyndale's translation of the New Testament, which was published in 1525. This English version is still used by English-speaking Roman Catholics, with two slight modifications, viz., "which art" has been modernized into “who art" and "in earth" into "on earth" (the fifth petition remaining unchanged). It owed its general acceptance by the nation, as Fr. Thurston has pointed out in the Catholic Dicit tamen Bal. in c. j. ut lite pend. quòd sapiens dominabitur astris. I have not Baldus's commentaries by me, but if the phrase is quoted by him this takes us back to the fourteenth century. The Latin saying, however, has a Greek original. Aldis Wright's note on the passage referred to above in the Advancement of Learning' (ed. 1873) is : Mr. Ellis [=R. L. Ellis, co-editor of Bacon's Works] says, "This sentence is ascribed to Ptolemy by Cognatus." Compare Albumazar,' i. 7. There is no need to rummage in Ptolemy. the margin of his Life of Jesus Christ,' Jeremy Taylor gives the words we want in Part III., sect. xiii. 24 :— Δύναται ὁ ἐπιστήμων πολλὰς ἀποστρέψαι vepyeías tŵv dotépov.—Ptolem. Taylor's annotator, C. P. Eden, vol. ii., p. 538, adds the reference, Carp. 5, p. 55. The edition which Eden used was the Nürnberg one, 1535, of Terpáßißλos and Kapπós. With respect to the metrical nature of the Latin version, is it certain that it is taken PRINCIPAL LONDON COFFEE-HOUSES AND from a Latin poem? Even if occurring in TAVERNS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.such, may not the proverbial phrase have 1. Fountain (12 S. vi. 61; vii. 465; ix. 474).been independently couched in a metrical I beg to thank MR. MCMURRAY for his corform? One finds so many Latin mottoes, rections, which are noted. On turning to which are presumably not quotations, the revised MS. lists I find no entry such shaped like parts of hexameters. The as appeared at the second reference, having future tense dominabitur, apart from its reason apparently to doubt its accuracy. metrical convenience, could be explained as an example of the same tendency which we get in Love will find out a way," and which has perhaps been at work in producing the misquotation Magna est veritas et praevalebit," though some other possible reasons for this change were suggested at 11. S. x. 494. 66 66 Much Hadham, Herts. EDWARD BENSLY. GEORGE TRAPPE (12 S. ix. 354).C.A.F.H.A.R.I.N. should be CATHARIN, as the "Kayserinn" is Catharine II. of Russia. Shortly after the incorporation in the Russian Empire of the Government of Taurida, which includes the Crimean peninsula, a number of Mennonites from Prussia were settled in the new territory. The sect of Mennonites was derived from the Anabaptists under the influence of the Frisian reformer Menno Simonis (Menno, Simon's son), who was born in 1496. 6 2. Mourning Bush (12 S. vi. 61 ; ix. 474).— I am likewise obliged to MR. MCMURRAY for pointing out that this house stood in Aldersgate; I discovered the mistake shortly after passing the proof. The 3. Pie Tavern (12 S. ix. 386, 499). authority for this entry is an item in a bookseller's catalogue offering a "unique collection of 10 old Water-colour Drawings of Old Inns and Taverns in the North of London.' The detailed list ends with the note, "At the back of the drawing of The Cock is a letter, addressed to the gentleman for whom the drawings were made, dated from Hackney, 26th day of August, 1762,' and signed H. R." I delayed answering MR. POWER in the hope of being able to make an inquiry respecting the possible whereabouts of this collection, but it has been impracticable to give the necessary time. If Mr. Power cares to send me his address I should be pleased to let him have the excerpt from the catalogue to institute his own inquiries. 4. Cannon Coffee-house (12 S. ix. 517).I thank MR. BLEACKLEY for his information; this house was ' listed at 12 S. vi. 59. 5. Philazers' Coffee-house (12 S. vi. 126).The sole authority I can find for this house is G. A. Sala's William Hogarth (1866, at p. 128), where says the author : 2 I delight to fancy that the successful party [in the litigation] straightway adjourned to the Philazers' Coffee-house, in Old Palace Yard, and there, after a slight refection of hung beef and Burton ale, betook themselves to steady potations of Lisbon wine in magnums. What further authority is there for the existence of this house? I should be obliged for any assistance; having never met with it coffee-house literature," I am wondering whether I have been the dupe of a gifted writer who possessed a remakably fertile imagination. J. PAUL DE CASTRO. in any 66 VICE-ADMIRAL SIR CHRISTOPHER MINGS (12 S. ix. 461, 513).-The funeral of Sir Christopher Mings forms the subject of a brilliant little sketch by Colonel Drury, A Deputation from the Lower Deck,' published in his 'Men-at-Arms' (Chapmån and Hall, Ltd., 1906). Colonel Drury writes with justifiable warmth: Oliver Cromwell had buried Admiral Blake with splendour in Westminster Abbey: Nelson, in a later age, was accorded a national funeral in St. Paul's. Let it be remembered to Charles II.'s lasting shame that he permitted the gallant Myngs to be borne to the tomb with as little ceremony as an obscure pauper. Neglected at his death, the gallant sailor VERLAINE AT STICKNEY (12 S. ix. 429, 472, 518).—MR. T. PERCY ARMSTRONG says: "No doubt in a vagabond life like Verlaine's there is an opening for literary discovery." It may be news to many readers of Verlaine's works that the author's so-called "vagabond life" has been very much exaggerated by all his biographers. Verlaine was a good actor on and off the literary stage, and, as Gustave Vapereau justly remarked, his great ambition was to be advertised and widely known as a nineteenth-century Villon, without making any allowances for the distance of time. fact, Verlaine intended at one time to write a "biographical study" of the old French vagabond" poet. In Paul Verlaine in reality heartily detested a long residence in a country district. The 23, Weighton Road, Anerley. fields and meadows were all very well in the summer, he said, but the long winter 'THE BEGGAR'S OPERA' IN DICKENS months in such places were only suitable (12 S. ix. 309).- cannot altogether agree for natives of the soil. His principal object with C. W B. that literary allusions and in coming to England was to secure a quotations are not numerous in the works | French literature lectureship at an imof Dickens. It seems to me he was rather portant educational institution in London. fond of a certain humorous type of character He made applications for positions at King's who is continually larding his speech with College, University College, and a ladies' fragmentary quotations from songs, plays and other light literature. This type is at least as old as Beaumont and Fletcher's Knight of the Burning Pestle.' Examples in Dickens are Jingle inPickwick' Vincent Crummles in Nicholas Nickleby' Dick Swiveller in The Old Curiosity Shop,' and Silas Wegg in Our Mutual Friend.' The two last named both quote trom The Beggar's Opera.' In The Old Curiosity Shop,' chap. Ixv., Dick Swiveller exclaims :Speak, sister, speak, pretty Polly say." and in the following chapter : 66 "Since laws were made for every degree, to curb vice in others as well as in me-and so forth, you know-doesn't it strike you in that light?" : In Our Mutual Friend,' Book III., When the heart of a man is depressed with cares, M. H. DOdds. WILLIAM SPRY OF EXETER (12 S. ix. 511). -Several members of the Harston family had Spry as a Christian name. This might assist C. H. S. CECIL CLARKE. Junior Athenæum Club. college near Cavendish Square, but having no influence all his efforts were fruitless. He even afterwards wrote to W. E. Gladstone with reference to a position in the British Museum library, and to Thomas Carlyle about the London Library, but received no replies. Paul Verlaine is sometimes credited with having contributed numerous anti-English articles to Parisian newspapers, but he told my uncle and brother that this information was without foundation. He had no personal ill-feeling against the English, and the published with his own name. few essays on England he wrote were ANDREW DE TERNANT. 36, Somerleyton Road, Brixton, S.W. HATCHMENTS (12 S. ix. 310, 337, 377, 397, 433, 476, 497).-Sixty years since there were the Galilee, Durham. many of these hanging above the arches in I have a photograph which shows them. And they have left their marks on the walls. They were certainly not all peers' coats of arms. Some years ago I asked the sub-verger, Mr. Thos. Atkinson, what had become of the hatchments. He said, "They are in the triforium-like a vast else." About the year 1857 I remember a hatchment over the door of a house in the Bailey, |