must have money from any hand, from any quarter, and by any means.” King John, his father, had previously demanded ten thousand marks of a Jew, in Bristol, and on his refusal, ordered one of his teeth to be drawn every day, till he should comply. lost seven teeth, and then paid the sum required.

The Jew

NOTE II.

The public debt of Great Britain was increased during the wars of Wil

During the war with France, from 1793 to 1801, terminated by the peace of Amiens,

£15,730,439

37,750,661

31,338,689

72,111,004

102,541,819

295,105,668

335,983,164 782,667,234

28,341,463

$125,000,000

During the same war with France, which terminated by the treaty of

Paris, in 1816, and including the war with the United States, The amount of her public debt, on the 5th of January, 1832, was Its annual interest,

Being a little more than

This amount is now actually paid in cash, by the producing classes in the British Empire, for interest only.

NOTE III.

How the transfer of lands from non-residents to residents, should diminish the public revenue, is inexplicable. The ordinance of 1787, provides, that "in no case shall nonresident proprietors be taxed higher than residents." The constitution of the State provides also, (article eighth, section twentieth,) that "the mode of levying a tax shall be by valuation, so that every person shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of the property he or she has in his or her possession."

Judge Douglass, at a circuit court held in La Salle county, very properly vacated an assessment of real estate, because the property of non-residents was assessed higher than the property of residents, of equal value.

NOTE IV.

Messrs. McAllister & Stebbins decline accepting the propositions made by the State, to pay the above amount, ($261,500,) and interest in auditor's warrants. Of course, the bonds and scrip, above mentioned, remain as before, in the hands of those to whom they were sold, or to whom they have since been assigned, the law being nugatory.

It is alleged by Messrs McAllister & Stebbins, that the bonds and scrip, aforesaid, were pledged to them, on the 17th June, 1841, in security for the payment of the said $261,500, in six months thereafter, with interest. That the same were then to be sold at auction, unless the $261,500 interest were previously paid. That no part of said sum being paid, the said bonds and scrip were sold according to agreement, and a portion only of the $261,500 realized thereon.

NOTE V.

"In 1837," says the auditor of public accounts, in his report of December 5th, 1842,* "the State received $477,919 14 of surplus revenue from the General government. One law.directed that a part of this sum should be applied to pay off the debt due the school

The Auditor of public accounts at that time, was James Shields, Esq., an officer of great merit, at present a judge of the supreme court.

fand, which was at that time $335,592 32. Another law directed it to be added to the school fund; and a third, directed it to be paid to the banks, upon the stock taken by the State in those institutions. In the midst of these conflicting directions, the fund commissioner paid $335,600, to the banks, on account of stock; and the auditor added $335,592 32, not in money, but in credit, to the school fund. Upon this credit the State is still paying interest." On settling with the banks, a large amount was found due them for moneys advanced to the State, for current expenses. These debts were cancelled on such settlement, and of course the whole $808,055 39, have been expended in addition to the revenue of the State, and the $121,000 we owe for the State House.

NOTE VI.

It appears from the United States census, taken in 1840, that there were raised in Illi

Many of the above articles have increased one-half since 1840.

"Charles Dickens, Esq., and lady," having visited Illinois in 1842, and having sailed up "the great father of waters," thanking Heaven all the way, that he (the Mississippi,)

had no young children like himself”—“ an enormous ditch, sometimes two or three miles wide, running liquid mud six miles an hour;" having stopped at the Planter's House in St. Louis, "built like an English hospital, with long passages and bare walls;" and having visited one of our prairies, where he was fed on "wheat bread and chicken fixings" instead of "corn bread and common doings," and in "a linen blouse and a great straw hat, with a green ribbon and no gloves; his face and nose profusely ornamented with the stings of musquitoes;" having "met a full-sized dwelling-house coming downhill at a round trot, drawn by a score or more of oxen," "without the exhilaration which a Scottish heath inspires, or the English downs awaken"-" where he saw nothing to remember with much pleasure-or to covet the looking on again in after life and where, too, he visited the "Monk's mound," near where "a body of fanatics, of the order of La Trappe,

had once founded a desolate convent, when no settlers were within a thousand miles, and were all swept off by the pernicious climate; in which lamentable fatality, few rational people will suppose that society experienced a very severe deprivation;" our readers will not be surprised to learn, that an English gentleman of Mr. Dickens's taste, who had previously selected the Five Points in the city of New-York, as the principal objects of intetest there, should have selected and described a scene in Illinois, just as he has done. They would, however, have been surprised to hear, that the people of Illinois, (like some of their eastern friends,) took offence at Mr. Dickens's description of their prairies.

The latter speak for themselves, and require no eulogy. Those acquainted with the best English parks, can alone appreciate their beauty.

APPENDIX.

THE interest exhibited by many individuals in this community, to know something more in relation to the “life and death” of “ Joe Smith," the Mormon Prophet, has induced the author to subjoin the following remarks; premising, however, that the account here given of an event so recent. may not, in every particular, be correctly understood, and, therefore, correctly reported; especially, a thousand miles and upward from where it occurred.

Serious difficulties (for a long time previous to the late tragedy, the death of Smith, in Carthage, Hancock county, Illinois,) had existed among the Mormons, of the nature and extent of which we are ignorant. They caused, however, a new paper, (the Nauvoo Expositor,) to be established in the "Holy City," which in a short time became obnoxious to the ruling party. An order of the common council, (of which "the prophet," was president,) being made for " its abatement, as a nuisance," the order was executed, and the press of the Nauvoo Expositor, without any legal authority whatever, was improvidently destroyed. A warrant was, thereupon, issued against Smith and others for a riot.

Previous however to this, some difficulties had occurred at Nauvoo in the execution of process sent thither to be served, and the officers to whom that duty had been assigned were forcibly obstructed, under, and by virtue of the city ordinances before adverted to. (See page 398.) The people in that vicinity, thereupon (and perhaps justly,) became excited; and the question whether" the prophet" and his followers, should set the laws and authority of the State and Nation at defiance, became one of fearful import.

The militia of the adjacent counties having been assembled, some two or three thousand in number, and some armed bands from Missouri and Iowa, having congregated in the vicinity of Nauvoo; Governor Ford, apprised of their intention to commit violence upon the Mormons, and dreading its consequences, repaired in person to the scene of action; and with that promptness which has hitherto marked his official course, and reflected great credit on him, both as an officer and a citizen, allayed for a while the storm that was brewing.

On Monday, the 24th of June, 1844, Lieutenant General Joseph Smith, (“ the prophet,") and General Hyrum Smith, his brother, having received assurances from Governor Ford of protection; in company with some of their friends, left Nauvoo for Carthage, in order to surrender themselves up as prisoners, upon a process which had previously been issued, and was then in the hands of a public officer to be executed. About four miles from Carthage, they were met by Captain Duna and a company of cavalry, on their way to Nauvoo, with an order from Governor

488

Ford for the State arms in possession of the Nauvoo legion. Lieutenant General Smith having indorsed upon the order his admission of its service, and given his directions for their delivery, returned with Captain Dunn to Nauvoo, for the arms thus ordered by Governor Ford to be surrendered. The arms having been given up in obedience to the aforesaid order, both parties again started for Carthage, whither they arrived a little before twelve o'clock, at night. On the morning of the 25th, an interview took place between the Smiths and Governor Ford. Assurances of protection by the latter were repeated, and the two Smiths were surrendered into the custody of an officer. Bail having afterward been given for their appearance at court, to answer the charge for "abating the Nauvoo Expositor," a mittimus was issued on the evening of the 25th, and the two Smiths were committed to jail on a charge of treason, "until delivered by due course of law." On the morning of the 26th, another interview was had between the governor and the accused, and both parties seemed to be satisfied. Instead of being confined in the cells, the two Smiths, at the instance of their friends, were put into the debtors'-room of the prison, and a guard assigned for its, as well as their security. During this time their friends, as usual, had access to them in jail, by permission of the governor. On the same day, (June 26,) they were taken before the magistrate who had committed them to prison, and further proceedings, on the complaint for treason, were postponed until the 29th. On the morning of the 27th, Governor Ford discharged a part of the troops under his command, and proceeded with a portion of the residue, a single company only, to Nauvoo; leaving the jail, the prisoners, and some two or three of their friends, guarded by seven or eight men, and a company of about sixty militia, the Carthage Grays, a few yards distant in reserve.

About six o'clock in the afternoon of the 27th, during the absence of Governor Ford, the guard stationed at the prison were overpowered by an armed mob in disguise; the jail was broken and entered, and the two Smiths, (Joseph and Hyrum,) without any pretence of right or authority whatever, were wantonly slain. Having effected their object, all of which was accomplished in a few minutes, they immediately dispersed. Governor Ford, with the company of milita above mentioned, having repaired to Nauvoo, and explained to the Mormons what "they might expect in case they provoked a war:" on his return from thence, in the afternoon, was accosted by a messenger from Carthage, about three miles from the city, and informed of the fatal occurrence which had transpired in his absence. He thereupon hastened to Carthage, and found its whole population alarmed-many had already fled with their families, and others were preparing to go. He thereupon directed General Deming, with a few troops, " to observe the progress of events; to defend property against small numbers, and to retreat if menaced by a superior force;" and proceeded himself to Quincy, about fifty miles distant, where he established his head-quarters, and on the 29th of June, issued the following order:

HEAD QUARTERS, QUINCY, June 29, 1844.

It is ordered, that commandants of regiments in the counties of Adams, Marquette, Pike, Brown, Schuyler, Morgan, Scott, Cass, Fulton, and McDonough; and the regiments comprising General Stapp's brigade, call their respective regiments, together immediately upon the receipt of this order, and proceed, by voluntary enlistment, to enrol as many men as can be armed in their respective regiments. They will make arrangements for a campaign of twelve days; and will provide themselves with arms, ammunition, and provisions accordingly; and hold themselves in readiness immediately to march upon the receipt of further orders.

The independent companies of riflemen, infantry, cavalry, and artillery, in the above