not, conscious sinner, to draw near, to confess and supplicate: It is not a Being of inexorable wrath, displaying the terrors of His justice in the consuming fire of Sinai, but a God reconciled in Christ, whom thou art invited to approach. Come, lay thine hand upon the head of the (true) sin-offering, and it shall be accepted for thee, as a full atonement for all thy sins.*

* Levit: i. 4.

ESSAY III,

ON THE GENERAL CONFESSION.

PRAYER is the motion of the heart towards God. It is the breath of the regenerate soul, the result of Divine life communicated from above. The language of the lips is not essential to it. That Omniscient Friend of sinners, to whom it is addressed, discerns the secret and yet unformed desire. But various reasons may be given, why on certain occasions, and for certain persons, it is expedient to clothe the desires of the soul in words, even when in secret they appear before the throne of grace. In the public assembly it is absolutely necessary; otherwise the great end of our religious associations would be frustrated. There an individual must be the mouth of all, for the prevention of confusion, and the promotion of edification. In a general confession of sin, however, it seems proper that every private worshipper should accompany the minister unto the throne of the heavenly grace,' not only with a pure heart,' but also with an humble voice,' saying after him,

Almighty and most merciful Father; we • have erred and strayed from Thy ways like lost sheep. We have followed too much the devices and desires of our own hearts.

fended against Thy holy laws. undone those things, which we

We have of

We have left ought to have

done; and we have done those things, which • we ought not to have done; and there is no health in us. But Thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us miserable offenders: Spare Thou them, O God, which confess their faults: restore • Thou them that are penitent; according to Thy 'promises declared unto mankind in Christ Jesu our Lord. And grant, O most merciful Father, for His sake, that we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to the glory of Thy holy name. Amen.'

The titles, by which God is addressed in Scripture, are not used promiscuously and at random ; but are adapted to the subject, with which they are connected.* It would be easy to shew the truth of this remark, by a reference to a variety of passages. Probably the same observation will hold good with respect to the service of our church. When we use the confession before us, we come before God, as criminals that deserve punishment. What then are those attributes of

* Thus Jehovah is never used in connection with a relative pronoun. But the relatives are always joined to some name that refers to the covenant of grace.

Deity, to which on such an occasion it becomes us to have recourse? Does not the Omnipotence of Jehovah prove that He has no need of us, and can suffer no loss by our annihilation? That He is able, on supposition that the whole race of mankind were according to their just deserts to be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of His power,' to bring into existence in a moment, by a single act of Omnipotence, another race of reasonable creatures, who should shew forth His praise? It certainly does. The mention of this perfection of the Godhead also puts us in mind that it is not through want of ability, if He delay or forego the fulfilment of those threatenings in His word, which are pointed against transgressors of His law. Almighty' therefore is properly introduced here with a view to promote holy fear and trembling in the sinner's bosom. But then the recollection of this attribute is also absolutely necessary to an hope of pardon. For were not our God Almighty,' the atonement of Christ could never have been consummated by His resurrection; and, apart from this consideration, finite power could never have created us anew, that so by the merit of His death we might be made meet to become 'partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light.'* And, since His mercy is equal to His

+ 2 Thess. i. 9.

* Col. i. 12.

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power, our hope of acceptance is built on a firm foundation, when we address Him as Almighty • and most merciful;' especially when we add to these most gracious and glorious appellations that peculiar relation, in which He condescends to stand to penitent sinners in Christ Jesus. God was our Father' by creation: but we have unhappily forfeited the relationship, and are no more worthy to be called His children.' In Christ He renews the connection; and, as the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, becomes our • most merciful Father,' also.t Coming to an • almighty God,' who is also our most merciful Father,' we may comfortably indulge the hope of forgiveness, and be encouraged to make a free and undisguised confession of all our sins.

We open the first prayer of our public liturgy with a general acknowledgment of sin; We • have erred and strayed from Thy ways, like • lost sheep.' Beautiful and energetic is this scriptural illustration of our wretched state. Folly is a striking characteristic of the class of animals, here mentioned, which appears in their proneness to wander from the shepherd, under whose care they remain in safety, and the pasture that supplies their wants. The Apostle Peter has noticed this, and applied it to the disciples of

+ It was a wise saying of Martin Luther, Nolo Deum absoTutum.'