such United States assistance in any fiscal year should be disbursed until the recommendations of the Organization for that fiscal year have been made final and communicated to the donor countries. The limitation on disbursements contained in the preceding sentence should apply only to recommendations made final and communicated to donor countries prior to the fourth quarter of such fiscal year. The United States representative to the Organization should urge other donor countries to similarly implement the recommendations of the Organization.

(G) The administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering part I of this Act, or his designee, should represent the United States Government in the Organization and should carry out his functions in that capacity under the continuous supervision and general direction of the Secretary of State.

(c) Subject to subsection (d)(2), the President is authorized to participate in the Organization.

(d)(1) The administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering part I of this Act, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of State, shall prepare a detailed proposal to carry out this section and shall keep the Committee on Foreign Affairs 515 of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate fully and currently informed concerning the development of this proposal.

(2) The President shall transmit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 515 of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a copy of the text of any agreement, which he proposes to sign, that would provide for the establishment of and United States participation in the Organization no less than sixty days prior to his signature. During that sixty-day period there shall be full and formal consultations with and review by those committees in accordance with procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications pursuant to section 634A of this Act.

Sec. 465.510, 516 Authorization for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989. (a) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President, for the purpose of furnishing nonmilitary assistance for Central American countries, $1,200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989, which are authorized to remain available until expended.

(b) For the purpose of providing the assistance described in subsection (a), funds appropriated pursuant to the authorizations in that subsection may be transferred by the President for obligation in accordance with the authorities of part I of this Act (including chapter 4 of part II), the Peace Corps Act, the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, the United States Information and Education Exchange Act of 1948, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, the National Endowment for Democracy Act, and the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956.

515 Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives.

516 22 U.S.C. 2275.

Sec. 466,510,517 Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, the term "Central American countries" includes Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and regional programs which benefit such countries.

Chapter 7-Debt-For-Nature Exchanges 518

Sec. 461.519 Definition.-For purpose of this chapter, the term "debt-for-nature exchange” means the cancellation or redemption of the foreign debt of the government of a country in exchange for(1) that government's making available local currencies (including through the issuance of bonds) which are used only for eligible projects involving the conservation or protection of the environment in that country (as described in section 463); 520

or

(2) that government's financial resource or policy commitment to take certain specified actions to ensure the restoration, protection, or sustainable use of natural resources within that country; or

(3) a combination of assets and actions under both paragraphs (1) and (2).

Sec. 462.521 Assistance for Commercial Debt Exchanges.(a) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development is authorized to furnish assistance, in the form of grants on such terms and conditions as may be necessary, to nongovernmental organizations for the purchase on the open market of discounted commercial debt of a foreign government of an eligible country which will be canceled or redeemed under the terms of an agreement with that government as part of a debt-for-nature exchange.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a grantee (or any subgrantee) of the grants referred to in subsection (a) may retain, without deposit in the Treasury of the United States and without further appropriation by Congress, interest earned on the proceeds of any resulting debt-for-nature exchange pending the disburse

517 22 U.S.C. 2276.

518 Sec. 604 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 961) repealed chapter 7, as enacted in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-583), titled: “Joint Commissions on Rural Development". A new chapter 7 was added by sec. 711 of the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101240; 103 Stat. 2521).

519 22 U.S.C. 2281. All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-240; 103 Stat. 2521). Should read "Sec. 471".

The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2006 (Public Law 109-102; 119 Stat. 2206), provided the following:

"DEBT-FOR-DEVELOPMENT

"SEC. 528. In order to enhance the continued participation of nongovernmental organizations in debt-for-development and debt-for-nature exchanges, a nongovernmental organization which is a grantee or contractor of the United States Agency for International Development may place in interest bearing accounts local currencies which accrue to that organization as a result of economic assistance provided under title II of this Act and, subject to the regular notification procedures of the Committees on Appropriations, any interest earned on such investment shall be used for the purpose for which the assistance was provided to that organization.".

See also in that Act, sec. 566, relating to authority to engage in debt buybacks or sales. 520 All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-240; 103 Stat. 2521). Reference should read “section 473".

521 22 U.S.C. 2282. All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-240; 103 Stat. 2521). Should read "Sec.

ments of such proceeds and interest for approved program purposes, which may include the establishment of an endowment, the income of which is used for such purposes.

Sec. 463.522 Eligible Projects. (a) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall seek to ensure that debt-for-nature exchanges under this chapter support one or more of the following activities by either the host government, a local private conservation group, or a combination thereof:

(1) restoration, protection, or sustainable use of the world's oceans and atmosphere;

(2) restoration, protection, or sustainable use of diverse animal and plant species;

(3) establishment, restoration, protection, and maintenance of parks and reserves;

(4) development and implementation of sound systems of natural resource management;

(5) development and support of local conservation programs; (6) training programs to strengthen conservation institutions and increase scientific, technical, and managerial capabilities of individuals and organizations involved in conservation efforts;

(7) efforts to generate knowledge, increase understanding, and enhance public commitment to conservation;

(8) design and implementation of sound programs of land and ecosystem management; and

(9) promotion of regenerative approaches in farming, forestry, fishing, and watershed management.

(b)(1) In cooperation with nongovernmental organizations, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall seek to identify those areas, which because of an imminent threat, are in particular need of immediate attention to prevent the loss of unique biological life or valuable ecosystem.

(2) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall encourage as many eligible countries as possible to propose such exchanges with the purpose of demonstrating to a large number of governments the feasibility and benefits of sustainable development.

Sec. 464.523 Eligible Countries.-In order for a foreign country to be eligible to participate in a debt-for-nature exchange under this chapter, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall determine that

(1) the host country is fully committed to the long-term viability of the program or project that is to be undertaken through the debt-for-nature exchange;

(2) a long-term plan has been prepared by the host country, or private conservation group, which adequately provides for the long-term viability of the program or project that is to be

522 22 U.S.C. 2283. All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-240; 103 Stat. 2521). Should read "Sec. 473". 523 22 U.S.C. 2284. All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-240; 103 Stat. 2521). Should read "Sec.

tudencken torng the pet-for-nature exchange or that such a paz w be prepared I amet manner, and

3 there is a govemment agency or a vocal nongovernmental organization or combination there in the host country with the capability commitment, and record of environmental congers to oversee the itng-term viability of the program or project that is to be undertaken through the debt-for-nature excrarge

Boe. 465.544 Terms and Conditions-a The terms and conditors for making grants under this chapter shall be deemed to be 1. Eled upon final approval by the Administrator of the Agency for International Development of the debt-for-nature exchange, a cerfcation by the nongovernmental organization that the host government has accepted the terms of the exchange, and that an agreement has been reached to cancel the commercial debt in an agreed upon fashion

by Grants made under this section are intended to complement, and not substitute for, assistance otherwise available to a foreign country under this Act or any other provision of law.

The United States Government is prohibited from accepting ttle or interest in any land in a foreign country as a condition on the debt exchange.

Hec. 466.25 Pilot Program for Sub-Saharan Africa.—(a) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development, in cooperation with nongovernmental conservation organizations, shall invite the government of each country in sub-Saharan Africa to submit a list of those areas of severely degraded national resources which threaten human survival and well-being and the opportunity for future economic growth or those areas of biological or ecological importance within the territory of that country.

The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall assess the list submitted by each country under subsection (a) and shall seek to reach agreement with the host country for the restoration and future sustainable use of those areas.

(1) The Administrator of the Agency for International Development is authorized to make grants, on such terms and conditions as may be necessary, to nongovernmental organizations for the purchase on the open market of discounted commercial debt of a foreign government of an eligible sub-Saharan country in exchange for commitments by that government to restore natural resources identified by the host country under subsection (a) or for commitments to develop plans for sustainable use of such resources.

CA Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a grantee (or any andygrantees of the grants referred to in section (a) may retain, without deposit in the Treasury of the United States and without further appropriation by Congress, interest earned on the proceeds of any resulting debt for nature exchange pending the disbursemonta of auch proceeds and interest for approved program pur

FETENE Fh All are tione in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Devilqument and Finance And of tunu d'ublic Law 101 240, 103 Stat. 2521). Should read “Sec. Cada 3300 All sections in chapter 7 are misnumbered, as enacted by the International Devebquent and Finance Act of tonn (Public Law 101 240, 103 Stat. 2521). Should read “Sec.

poses, which may include the establishment of an endowment, the income of which is used for such purposes.

Chapter 8-International Narcotics Control 526

SEC. 481.527 POLICY, GENERAL AUTHORITIES, COORDINATION, FOREIGN POLICE ACTIONS, DEFINITIONS, AND OTHER PROVISIONS.

(a) POLICY AND GENERAL AUTHORITIES.—

(1) STATEMENTS OF POLICY. (A) International narcotics trafficking poses an unparalleled transnational threat in today's world, and its suppression is among the most important foreign policy objectives of the United States.

(B) Under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and under the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the parties are required to criminalize certain drug-related activities, provide appropriately severe penalties, and cooperate in the extradition of accused offenders.

(C) International narcotics control programs should include, as priority goals, the suppression of the illicit manufacture of and trafficking in narcotic and psychotropic drugs, money laundering, and precursor chemical diversion, and the progressive elimination of the illicit cultivation of the crops from which narcotic and psychotropic drugs are derived.

526 Sec. 109 of the FA Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226) added chapter 8. See other legislation on international narcotics control in Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2005, vol. I-B, particularly the establishment of the President's Council on Counter-Narcotics (title VII, sec. 709, of Public Law 105-277), and the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act (title VIII of Public Law 105-277).

527 22 U.S.C. 2291. Sec. 1519(a) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-550; 106 Stat. 4060) amended sec. 481 at subsec. (a) by redesignating former subpara. (E) as (F), and inserting a new subpara. (E).

Sec. 1519(b) of Public Law 102-550, furthermore, amended sec. 481(e) to require a report on major money laundering countries.

Sec. 4 of the International Narcotics Control Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-583; 106 Stat. 4914), however, substantially amended and restated sec. 481. Sec. 4(a) struck the section designation, section heading, and subsec. (a), and restated these through subpara. (F).

Chapter 8 was originally added by sec. 109 of the FA Act of 1971. See other legislation on international narcotics control in Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 2005, vol. I–B. The original sec. 481 read as follows:

"It is the sense of the Congress that effective international cooperation is necessary to put an end to the illicit production, trafficking in, and abuse of dangerous drugs. In order to promote such cooperation, the President is authorized to conclude agreements with other countries to facilitate control of the production, processing, transportation, and distribution of narcotic analgesics, including opium and its derivatives, other narcotic drugs and psychotropics and other controlled substances as defined in the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-513). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any country or international organization, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the control of the production of, processing of, and traffic in, narcotic and psychotropic drugs. In furnishing such assistance the President may use any of the funds made available to carry out the provisions of this Act. The President shall suspend economic and military assistance furnished under this or any other Act, and shall suspend sales under the Foreign Military Sales Act and under title I of the Agriculture Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 with respect to any country when the President determines that the government of such country has failed to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970) produced or processed, in whole or in part, in such country, or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their dependents, or from entering the United States unlawfully. Such suspension shall continue until the President determines that the government of such country has taken adequate steps to carry out the purposes of this chapter.".

Sec. 481(a) had been amended previously by sec. 503 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972, sec. 11 of the FA Act of 1973, sec. 1003(a) of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985, sec. 4502 of the International Narcotics Control Act of 1988, and sec. 17 of the International Narcotics Control Act of 1989.