meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and 20 And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of 23 And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish: 24 their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance: 25 and one he-goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, the meal offering thereof, and the drink offering thereof. 26 And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish: 27 and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance : 28 and one he-goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and the meal offering thereof, and the drink offering thereof. 29 And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish: 30 and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordinance: 31 and one he-goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, the meal offering thereof, and the drink offerings thereof. 32 And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish: 33 and their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after "the ordinance: 34 and one he-goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, the meal offering thereof, and the drink offering thereof. 35 On the eighth day ye shall have a "solemn assembly: ye shall do no servile work: 36 but ye shall offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto Yahweh: one bullock, one ram, seven he-lambs of the first year without blemish: 37 their meal offering and their drink offerings for the bullock, for the ram, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the ordinance: 38 and one he-goat for a sin offering ; beside the continual burnt offering, and the meal offering thereof, and the drink offering thereof. 39 These ye shall offer unto Yahweh in your set feasts, beside your c vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt offerings, and for your meal offerings, and for your drink offerings, and for your peace offerings. 40 And Moses told the children of Israel according to all that Yahweh commanded Moses. 301 NLAnd Moses "spake unto the "heads of the tribes" of the children of Israel, a 185 asaying, "This is the thing which Yahweh hath commanded. 2 dWhen a man voweth b 165 c 188b a vow unto Yahweh, or sweareth an oath to bind his soul with a bond, he shall not "break his word; he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth. dwhen a woman voweth a vow unto Yahweh, and bindeth herself by a bond, being 301 The law of vows here set forth is not connected directly with previous specific ordinances Lev 27 Num 6, but it regulates their general force. It plainly belongs to the collection of P, but does not appear to be from the hand of Ps. The style of the law, with its successive cases, indicates the advance of legal distinctions characteristic of Ps, and with this the phraseological indications correspond. The formula heads of the tribes' appears elsewhere only in the later Levitical additions 3 Also d 190o Other in Kings 81 (cp ) and the parallel in 2 Chron 52. expressions like bind with a bond' break his word' 2, 'rash utterance', are only found here; while afflict the soul' 13 is employed in a sense not quite harmonious with P's customary usage. The phrase 'bear her iniquity' 15 (where Sam & read 'his iniquity) shows some affinity with Ph cp 193; and it is possible that this law may have been amplified from a briefer and earlier form. 2 M profane.-In this connexion † cp Ezek 397. 4 in her father's house, in her youth; and her father heareth her vow, and her bond NL 13 20 C 92b f 163 g 12) 88c 920 189 311 And Yahweh spake unto Moses, saying, 2 "Avenge the children of a 1853 Israel of the Midianites: 'afterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy b 75 people. And Moses "spake unto the people, saying, "Arm ye men from among you for the war, that they may go against Midian, to execute "Yahweh's vengeance" on Midian. 4 Of every tribe a thousand, through a 165 5 So there were e 18r out all the tribes of Israel, shall ye send to the war. "delivered, out of the 'thousands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for "war. 6 And Moses sent them, a thousand of every dtribe, to the war, them and "Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the vessels of the "sanctuary and the trumpets for the alarm in his hand. 7 And they 'warred against Midian, 'as Yahweh commanded Moses; and they 'slew every male. And they "slew the kings of Midian with the rest of their "slain; Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they 'slew with the sword. 9 And the children of Israel took captive the women of Midian and their little ones; and all their 'cattle, and all their "flocks, and all their goods, they took for a prey. 19 And all their cities in the 'places wherein they dwelt', and all their "encampments, they burnt with 1 55 fire. 11 And they took all the spoil, and all the prey, "both of man and m 108b of beast. 12 And they brought the captives, and the 'prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and unto "Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the camp at the 'plains of Moab, which are by the Jordan at Jericho. k 107b n 12b 45 13 And Moses, and "Eleazar the priest, and all the 'princes of the congre- q 131 gation, went forth to 'meet them 'without the camp. 14 And Moses was r 120a 311 The inclusion of 31 in P is amply justified by the margins. But various reasons, both of matter and style, unmistakably indicate its secondary character, apart from the question whether the author intended to lay down any permanent law for the distribution of booty in war (et Deut 1315. 2014..). (1) The vengeance to be inflicted on Midian is awkwardly placed after the instructions for Moses' death and the appointment of his successor 2712-23: Joshua is ignored, and Phinehas apparently takes the command: the reference in 2 may be due to R (Dillm), but it may also be a sign of the author's own adaptation to the previous narrative. (2) The Midianites are led by five kings 3, among them being Zur, who, however, in 2515 is only 'head of a fathers' house.' (3) The introduction of Eleazar as legislator 21.., qualifying the commands of Moses, has no parallel in P. (4) The writer seems to have been acquainted with P's story 15 L And "wroth with the officers of the host, the 'captains of thousands and the 178b 16 Behold, t 1078 captains of hundreds, which came from the "service of the war". Moses said unto them, Have ye "saved all the 'women alive? these "caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit "trespass against Yahweh "in the "matter of Peor, and so the u 164b 17 Now therefore "kill "plague was among the congregation of Yahweh. and kill every woman that hath known the "'little ones, Kevery male among 18 But all the women children, that have not man by lying with him. known man by "lying with him, "keep alive for yourselves. 19 And encamp ye without the camp seven days: whosoever hath "killed any 20 And as to 'person, and whosoever hath touched any "slain, "purify yourselves on the 146a third day and on the "seventh day, ye and your captives. 21 And "Eleazar every garment, and all that is "made of skin, and all work of "goats' [hair], and all things made of wood, ye shall "purify yourselves. 22 howthe priest said unto the men of war which "went to the battle", "This is x 188b the statute of the law which Yahweh hath commanded Moses: beit the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the "tin, and the lead, 23 m' w 143b 42 85 d' 82 g' 54b every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make to go through the fire, and it shall be 'clean; nevertheless it shall be "purified with the water y of "separation and all that abideth not the fire ye shall make to go 24 And ye shall 'wash your clothes on the "seventh 2 173 through the water. day, and ye shall be 'clean, and "afterward ye shall come into the camp. 26 a'Take the sum of the a' 84° 25 And Yahweh 'spake unto Moses, saying, "prey that was taken, "both of man and of beast, thou, and "Eleazar the priest, and the "heads of the fathers' [houses] of the congregation: b 84 27 and divide the "prey into two parts; between the men "skilled in war", that went out to battle, and all the 'congregation: 28 and "levy a 'tribute unto Yahweh of the men of war that went out to battle: one 'soul of five hundred, [both] of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the flocks: 29 "take it of their "half, and give it unto "Eleazar the priest, 30 And of the children of Israel's "half, e' 1188 for Yahweh's "'heave offering. thou shalt take one 'drawn out of every fifty, of the persons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, [even] of all the 'cattle, and give them unto 32 Now the Levites, which "keep the "charge of the "Dwelling of Yahweh. 31 And 39b Moses and "Eleazar the priest did 'as Yahweh commanded Moses. 33 and the 'prey, over and above the booty which the "men of war took, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep, threescore and twelve thousand beeves, 34 and threescore and one thousand asses, 35 and thirty and two thousand 'persons in all, of the women that 36 And the "half, which was had not known man by "lying with him. the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred sheep: 37 and Yahweh's "tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen. 38 And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which Yahweh's 39 And the asses were thirty thousand "tribute was threescore and twelve. and five hundred; of which Yahweh's "tribute was threescore and one. 40 And the persons were sixteen thousand; of whom Yahweh's "tribute 41 And Moses gave the "tribute, which was was thirty and two persons. Yahweh's "heave offering, unto "Eleazar the priest, 'as Yahweh commanded Moses. 42 And of the children of Israel's "half, which Moses divided off from the men that 'warred, 43 (now the congregation's "half was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand, seven thousand and five hundred sheep, 44 and thirty and six thousand beeves, 45 and thirty thousand and even of the five hundred asses, 46 and sixteen thousand 'persons ;) "drawn out of every fifty, both children of Israel's "half, Moses took one 3116, the same word as in 5; probably a corruption of the text for :, cp Dillm, NDJ 191. 16b This reference may be an editorial insertion (Dillm). m' 47 The unexpected plural interrupts the 29 ye shall take. sequence of the singular, 'levy' 28, and give' 29: the clause seems needless, and may be a later editorial amplification, cp 53 (so Dillm). 238 P a' 49 P i' 118b of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, which "'kept the 12b с 131 d 45a 321 "Now the children of "Reuben and the children of Gad had a very "great multitude of 'cattle: and when they saw the land of Jazer, and the land of Gilead, that, behold, the place was a place for 'cattle; 2 the children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spake unto Moses, and to a 185a "Eleazar the priest, and unto the princes of the "congregation, saying, b 3 Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and "Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, a and "Sebam, and Nebo, and "Beon, 4 the land which Yahweh "smote before the congregation of Israel, is a land for cattle, and thy servants have cattle. 5 And they said, If we have found grace in thy sight, let this land be given unto thy servants for a possession; bring us not over Jordan. e 127b 6 And Moses said unto the children of Gad and to the children of Reuben, Shall your brethren 'go to the war", and shall ye sit here? 7 And wherefore "discourage ye the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the 'land which Yahweh hath given them? 8 Thus did your fathers, when I sent them from Kadesh-barnea to 'see the land. "For when they went 3150 M Or, necklaces.-Ex 3522 t. 53 M See 32-The absence of any syntactical combination ( adds and) makes it possible that this also is an annotator's addition 29 ср (so Dillm). 321a The narrative of the settlement of the tribes of Reuben and Gad (and the half tribe of Manasseh) 1-38 presents many conflicting phenomena. There is consequently considerable diversity of critical opinion, and similar indeterminateness of result (for recent discussions cp Bacon and Addis). The assignment of the East Jordan territories to Gad, Reuben, and half Manasseh, is recognized by P Num 3414. and by D Deut 312-20, and it may be fairly assumed that their statements are based upon some earlier account. Such an account might naturally be sought in Num 32, where there are many marks of the style of J. But it becomes plain on closer examination that even the passages which display most affinity with J are in close (if not indissoluble) connexion with words otherwise peculiar to P cp 4. 18. &c. The evidence of this is exhibited in the margins, where occasional points of contact are also indicated with Ps in 31, cp 'go to the war' 6, 'be armed (arm themselves)' 17, 'flocks' and cattle' 26 (ct 1 24 ) cp 319. In 7-15 the sequence of 6 and 16 is interrupted by a hortatory digression chiefly founded on passages in Num 14, and showing indications of acquaintance with both its elements J and P, together with touches from D. The signs of duality of source seem further confirmed by slight variations of detail. The order of the names Reuben and Gad changes in 2. The list of cities built by Gad and Reuben 34-38 does not quite accord with the enumeration in 4, and neither, again, agrees with Josh 1315.. 24... The gift which is conditional in 20.. 28.., is apparently made unreservedly in 33. Yet the phraseology of 33 is not without characteristics of P in its latter clauses, while the unexpected occurrence of the Deuteronomic a 'tribe' (instead of P's usual ) has its counterpart in the narrative in Josh 22. On the whole, therefore, it seems impossible to separate the element of J from that N of a writer in the school of P, and the narrative 1-38 is accordingly ascribed to Ps who may be supposed to have freely worked up earlier materials of J and P. Under these circumstances it does not seem needful to assign 7-15 to a still later hand. The secondary and reflective character of the narrative is clear throughout, as (1) in the representation that the cities were built anew, implying their total previous destruction, whereas the older view described the Israelites as entering into cities which they had not builded Deut 610; (2) in the careful explanation 38 that the old idolatrous names were changed; (3) in the religious character of the march before Yahweh' 20.. (cp 4) contrasted with the customary expression 'before the children of Israel' 17 Deut 318 Josh 114; and (4) in the prominence given to Eleazar the priest 28, to whom (with Joshua and the heads of the fathers) the ultimate decision is referred. In the sequel however Josh 1315.., Eleazar and Joshua claim no share in the Trans-jordanic settlement, which is regarded as the work of Moses alone cp 33 1b In the order of enumeration Reuben here stands first, as the elder (cp Gen 3523). But in the rest of the story 2.. Gad takes precedence. In Sam, however, the priority of Reuben is maintained throughout, while in Gad takes the lead 2 6 33. It does not seem possible amid these variations to employ the difference as a clue to diversity of sources. 3a M In 36 Beth-nimrah. 3b M In 38 Sibmah. 3c M In 38 Baal-meon. 4 This phrase, repeatedly used of the divine action by the plagues in Egypt, is not employed elsewhere for conquest. Cp 20 7 In this section, founded on Num 14, there are points of contact both in matter and form with JP and D (see the margins). But it does not seem necessary to separate it from the rest of the narrative: thus the imperfects in -7 15 reappear in 20 23. z' Josh 1315.. up unto the "valley of Eshcol, and 'saw the land, they "discouraged the 14 d' N 19 For i if ye turn away from after him, he will "yet again leave them in the Nx' h P70 96b 96 27 92a 28 So Moses gave charge concerning them to "Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the "heads of the fathers' [houses of the m 84a "tribes of the children of Israel. 29 And Moses said unto them, If then 165 children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over Jordan, every man that is "armed to battle, "before Yahweh, and the land shall be "subdued before you; then ye shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession: 30 but if they will not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions Pamong you in the land of Canaan. 31 And the children 127 of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, saying, As Yahweh hath P said unto thy servants, so will we do. 32 We will pass over armed "before Yahweh into the land of Canaan, and the possession of our inheritance [shall remain with us beyond Jordan. 33 And Moses gave unto them, even 3216 Many critics have regarded this as the junction with a fresh narrative which has been assigned to E. But the proposal in 16 must clearly have some antecedent. The remonstrance in 6 is sufficient to explain it. The approach of the speakers to Moses with further suggestion in the middle of the interview resembles the approach of Judah to Joseph Gen 4418. 17 For the peculiar form on Knobel-Dillm propose 'armed' Ex 1318 E, Josh 114 412. This reading would lend slightly additional linguistic weight to the ascription of 16. to E. 22 But it can also be equally well explained on the hypothesis of familiarity with the language of earlier documents. 26 The word 'flocks' is the same as that translated cattle' 14 16. .319 cp בהמה and מקנה For the peculiar combination 33 This verse is probably a harmonistic addition cp 3414 Deut 312.. Josh 1315... The preceding narrative did not mention the half tribe of Manasseh, which is here included under D's term as in Josh 229. In 34-38 which forms the natural sequence to 31. the permission granted in 24 is carried into effect. |