JE D

D

81 All the commandment "which I command thee this day shall ye
Dobserve to do, that ye may live, and "multiply, and go in and possess
the land which Yahweh 'sware unto your fathers. 2 And thou shalt
'remember all the way which Yahweh "thy God hath led thee these
forty years in the wilderness, that he might "humble thee, to 'prove thee,
to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest "keep his
commandments, or no. 3 And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to
hunger, and fed thee with manna, 'which thou knewest not, neither
did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth
not live by bread only, but by every thing that 'proceedeth out of the
mouth of Yahweh doth man live. 4
Thy "raiment waxed not old upon
thee, neither did thy foot swell, these forty years. 5 And thou shalt
'consider in thine heart, that, as a man chasteneth his son, so Yahweh
thy God chasteneth thee. 6 And thou shalt "keep the commandments
of Yahweh thy God, to 'walk in his ways, and to "fear him. 7 For
Yahweh thy God "bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of
water, of fountains and depths, springing forth in valleys and hills;
8 a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig trees and pomegranates;
a land of oil olives and honey; 9 a land wherein thou shalt eat bread
without 'scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose
stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass.
10 And
thou shalt Peat and be full, and thou shalt bless Yahweh thy God for the
good land which he hath given thee. 11 Beware, lest thou 'forget
Yahweh thy God, in not "keeping his commandments, and his judge-
ments, and his 'statutes, "which I command thee this day: 12 lest when
thou hast Peaten and art full, and hast built goodly houses, and dwelt
therein; 13 and when thy herds and thy flocks multiply, and thy silver
and thy gold is multiplied, and all that thou hast is multiplied; 14 then
thine heart be lifted up, and thou 'forget Yahweh thy God, which
'brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the "house of
bondage; 15 who led thee through the 'great and terrible 'wilderness,
[wherein were] "fiery serpents and scorpions, and thirsty ground where
was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the "rock of flint;
16 who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, 'which thy fathers knew
not; that he might "humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to "do
thee good at thy latter end: 17 and thou 'say in thine heart, My power
and the might of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth. 18 But thou
shalt 'remember Yahweh thy God, for it is he that giveth thee power
to get wealth; that he may establish his "covenant which he sware
unto thy fathers, as at this day. 19 And it shall be, if thou shalt 'forget
Yahweh thy God, and 'walk after other gods, and 'serve them, and
worship them, I 'testify against you this day that ye shall surely
"'perish. 20 As the nations which Yahweh "maketh to perish before
you, so shall ye "perish; "because ye would not "hearken unto the voice
of Yahweh your God.

2

L

91 Hear, O Israel: "thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, 'cities great and fenced up to heaven, a people great and tall, the sons of the "Anakim, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can "stand before the sons of "Anak? 3 Know therefore this day, that Yahweh thy God is he which goeth over before thee as a devouring fire; he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down" before thee: so shalt thou 'drive them out, and make them to 'perish quickly, 'as Yahweh hath spoken unto thee. "Speak not thou in thine heart, after that Yahweh thy God hath thrust them out from before thee, saying, For my righteousness Yahweh hath "brought me in to "possess this land: whereas for the wickedness of these nations Yahweh doth 'drive them out

4

94 These words are omitted by G, and are probably an accidental anticipation of the phrase in 5.

JE D'

D

D' P

6

from before thee. 5 Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of
thine heart, dost thou 'go in to possess their land: but for the wicked-
ness of these nations Yahweh thy God doth 'drive them out from before
thee, and that he may establish the word which Yahweh 'sware unto
thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. Know therefore,
that Yahweh thy God 'giveth thee not this good land to possess it for
thy righteousness; for thou art a 'stiffnecked people. 7 Remember,
"forget thou not, how thou "provokedst Yahweh thy God to wrath in
the wilderness: from the day that thou wentest forth out of the land
of Egypt, until ye came unto this place, ye "have been 'rebellious
against Yahweh. 8 Also in Horeb ye "provoked Yahweh to wrath, and
Yahweh was 'angry with you to have "destroyed you. 9 When I was
"gone up into the mount to receive the "tables of stone, even the tables
of the 'covenant which Yahweh made with you, then I abode in the
mount 'forty days and forty nights; I did neither "eat bread nor drink

26 And I prayed unto Yahweh, and said, O Lord Yahweh, destroy not thy people and thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed through thy greatness, which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand. 27 Remember thy servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; look not unto the stubbornness of this people, nor to their wickedness, nor to their sin: 28 lest the land whence thou broughtest us out say, Because Yahweh was not able to bring them in to the land which he promised unto them, and because he hated them, he hath brought them out to kill them in the wilderness. 29 Yet are they thy people and thine inheritance, which thou hast brought forth with thy great power and with thy stretched out arm.

Ex 3211 13

It may, however, be doubted whether the homiletic address in 9-2) has not received additional illustrations from an annotator.

Such seems to be the source of the references in 22.. which break the continuity of 21 26 (? 25), and are related with a brevity compared with which the lengthy recital of the great apostasy seems quite disproportionate. It is possible that the passage 18-20 may owe its position to a similar cause, the antecedents of 17 21 in Ex 3219. being continuous :

Deut 917 21

17 And I took hold of the two
tables, and I cast them from on
my two hands, and I brake them
before your eyes. .
21 And

Ex 3219b 20

19b And Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables from his hand, and he brake them under the mount. And he took the calf which they had made, and he burned it with fire, and

I took your sin, the calf which
ye had made, and I burned it
with fire and stamped it, grind-ground it until it was crushed
ing it very small, until it was fine, and strewed it upon the
crushed fine as dust and I cast water, and made the children
the dust into the brook thereof of Israel drink of it.
that descended out of the
mount.

The dislocations of order in 99-29, however, compared with Ex 32
suggest that the recital has been rearranged. According to the
sequence of JE the retrospect would have more nearly assumed
the following form: 89 (Ex 3428) 10 (Ex 3118) 11-14 26-29 15-17 21
18-20 But 29 finds its sequel in 1olob, and 26-29 10b 11 seem to
have been deliberately removed to the end of the story, to exhibit
the instructions for departure in immediate sequence on the
divine condescension to the prayer of Moses. The question is in
this case complicated by the reference to the period of forty
days cp 99 18 25 1010. How many such mountain-sojourns are
intended? In Ex 24 32-34 only two are named 24186 and 34° 288
on occasion of the first and second gift of the tables bearing the
Ten Words. There is no mention of any third period corre-
sponding to that of intercession in 918 where the allusion to
fasting seems dependent on 99, which in its turn appears to rest
on Ex 3428a, and to be transferred as a complementary detail
from the second sojourn to the first. Ex 3232., however, does
contain a reference to an intervening ascent for purposes of
prayer and atonement, and this has been sometimes reckoned
at the same length of forty days. This was the interpretation
of the Rabbis; so Reuss among moderns; Dillmann, Montet,
Oettli, Driver, and Steuernagel, however, only recognize two
periods and identify 18 25 with Ex 3428. But the freedom with
which D handled the older traditions may well have led him to
allot the same duration for the great intercession; and it is
still possible that 918-20 with its strong Deuteronomic phrase-
ology may be founded on this incident. Addis inclines to the
view of Kosters that as the words stand they seem to indicate
a fast not mentioned elsewhere, viz one at the foot of the Mount.'
The allusion in 20 to the divine anger with Aaron implies the
presence in the older traditions of elements which have been
since eliminated. (On the apparent return to the forty days of
intercession in 1010 cp 101.) There remains the insertion 22-25,
which reads like an addition from the same hand in further
illustration of 97. If this was an afterthought, interpolated at
a later stage, it may have been in part the cause of the redistri-
bution of the elements of the narrative, and have called into
existence 25 to resume the main story.

JE D

D

water. 10 And Yahweh "delivered unto me the two tables of stone
"written with the finger of God; and on them [was written] according
to all the words, which Yahweh "spake with you in the mount "out
of the midst of the fire in the "day of the 'assembly.
11 And it came

b'

to pass at the end of 'forty days and forty nights, that Yahweh gave me
the two tables of stone, even the tables of the covenant. 12 L LAnd
Yahweh said unto me, "Arise, get thee down quickly from hence; for
thy people which thou hast "brought forth out of Egypt have corrupted
themselves; they are quickly turned aside out of the way 'which
I commanded them; they have made them a molten image. 13 ] Further-
more Yahweh spake unto me, saying, "I have seen this people, and,
behold, it is a 'stiffnecked people: 14 let me alone, that I may "destroy
them, and "blot out their name from under heaven: and I will "make
of thee a nation 'mightier and greater than they. 15 So I 'turned and
came down from the mount, and the "mount burned with fire: and the
two tables of the covenant were in my two hands. 16 And I looked,
and, behold, ye had sinned against Yahweh your God; ye had made
you a "molten calf: ye "had 'turned aside quickly out of the way which
Yahweh had commanded you". 17 And I took hold of the two tables,
and "cast them out of my two hands, and brake them "before your

eyes.

N

D' P

18 And I fell down before Yahweh, "as at the first, 'forty days and
forty nights; I did neither "eat bread nor drink water; because of all
your sin which ye sinned, in "doing that which was evil in the sight
of Yahweh, to provoke him to anger. 19 For I was afraid of the anger
and hot displeasure, wherewith Yahweh was wroth against you to
"destroy you. But Yahweh hearkened unto me that time also.
20 And
Yahweh was very angry with Aaron to have "destroyed him
I prayed for Aaron also the "same "time.

21 And I took your "sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with
fire, and stamped it, grinding it "very small, until it was as fine as dust:
and I cast the dust thereof into the brook that descended out of the
mount.

N

ye

and

22 And at "Taberah, and at "Massah, and at "Kibroth-hattaavah, ye
"provoked Yahweh to wrath. 23 And when Yahweh sent you from
Kadesh-barnea, saying, "Go up and possess the "land which I have
given you; then ye 'rebelled against the commandment of Yahweh
your God, and
"believed him not, nor "'hearkened to his voice. 24 Ye
Phave been rebellious against Yahweh from the day that I knew you.
25 So I fell down before Yahweh the 'forty days and forty nights "that
I fell down; because Yahweh had said he would "destroy you.
26 And I prayed unto Yahweh, and said, O "Lord Yahweh, "destroy
not thy "people and thine inheritance", which thou hast "'redeemed
through thy greatness, "'which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt
with a "mighty hand. 27 'Remember thy servants, Abraham, Isaac,
and Jacob; look not unto the "stubbornness of this people, nor to their
wickedness, nor to their sin: 28 lest the ""'land whence thou broughtest

911 This verse has been sometimes treated as a doublet of 10. Dillm and Driver, however, see in it an addition to the statement in 10, viz that the gift of the tables took place at the end of the forty days. Horst, on the other hand, RHR xvi 32, joins 98 with 10 and 9b with 11.

=

13 H And Yahweh said unto me saying. The opening words are identical with those of 12: cp Ex 327 9. Steuernagel supposes the harmonist to have added 12 to Deut from Ex 327, and to have incorporated Deut 913 by a reverse process in Ex 329. has a curious addition, And the Lord said unto me, I have spoken unto thee once and twice saying, I have seen &c.' 18 Cp N. The reference to Aaron in 20 is probably founded on material not now preserved in JE, where the expostulation of Moses with Aaron Ex 3222. is followed by the massacre of three

thousand of the idolaters at the hands of the sons of Levi 25-29,
and the guilty Aaron unexpectedly disappears from the scene.
22 Cp »N. The further reminiscences of Israel's rebellious
temper (here marked as a possible addition by a later hand,
though they may be due simply to the expansive manner of D)
are brought back to the Horeb scenes by a second reference to
the forty days' intercession. It may be noted that the English
'so' 25, like also' 8, furthermore' 18, and so' 15, only repre-
sents the Hebrew particle usually translated 'and'e g 10 0
It is possible that 25 originally belonged to D's retrospect of
Israel's offence, and that only the words 'the forty days and
forty nights that I fell down' were added by the annotator for
purposes of identification.

18

us out say,
b"Because Yahweh was not able to "bring them into the land
which he promised unto them, and because he ""'hated them, he hath
brought them out to "slay them in the wilderness. 29 Yet they are
thy
"people and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest out by thy
great power and by thy stretched out arm.

101 At that time Yahweh said unto me, "Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark of wood. 2 And I will "write on the tables the words that were on the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark. 3 So I made an ark of acacia wood, and "hewed two tables of stone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand. 4 And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten "commandments, which Yahweh spake unto you in the mount 'out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly and Yahweh gave them unto me. 5 And I turned and came down from the mount, and put the tables in the ark which I had made; and there they be, as Yahweh commanded me.

6 NL And the children of Israel "journeyed from "Beeroth Bene-jaakan to Moserah: there "Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest's office in his stead. 7 From thence they journeyed unto Gudgodah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land of brooks of water.

8 At that time Yahweh separated the 'tribe of Levi, to bear the "ark of the "covenant of Yahweh, to 'stand before Yahweh to 'minister unto

12-16 Lili 241

* Cp Mic 68

8 1 Kings 827 |||
2 Chron 26 618
Ps 6833 1484
Neh 96+

177

u 18

v 306

w Jer 44t
x Ps 1362.+

y Ps 248 Is 1021 al

z 2850 ct 117 1619

H

a' = gift 1619

2725 Ex 238* 18. L2a 0′ Cp 2417

c' 613

d' Cp Jer 1714

e' Gen 4627 Ex 15 f' 110

a Gen 265 Josh 223 cp P39b

b 622 718
c Ex 144..

d H*

€ 131b

ƒ Num 161

g Num 1632a h Gen 74 234

i Ex 1184 j Judg 27

JE D

THE LESSON OF THE WANDERINGS

D

Deut 119

D P

him, and to bless in his name, "unto this day. 9 Wherefore Levi hath h 33b
no 'portion nor inheritance with his brethren; Yahweh is his "inheritance,
'according as "Yahweh thy God spake unto him.

10 And I stayed in the mount, as at the first time, "forty days and forty
nights: and Yahweh 'hearkened unto me that time also; Yahweh 'would
not destroy thee. 11 And Yahweh said unto me, "Arise, take thy journey
before the people; and they shall go in and possess the land, which
I 'sware unto their fathers to give unto them*.

d'

is He

12 L And now, Israel, 'what doth Yahweh thy God require of thee,
but to "fear Yahweh thy God, to "walk in all his ways, and to love
him, and to 'serve Yahweh thy God with all thy heart and with all thy
soul, 13 to keep the commandments of Yahweh, and his 'statutes,
'which I command thee this day for thy "good? 14 Behold, unto
Yahweh thy God belongeth the heaven, and the 'heaven of heavens, the
earth, with all that therein is. 15 Only Yahweh had a 'delight in thy
fathers to "love them, and he chose their "seed after them, even you
"above all peoples, as 'at this day. 16 "Circumcise therefore the "foreskin
of your heart", and be no more stiffnecked. 17 For Yahweh your God,
he is "God of gods, and Lord of lords, the "great God, the "mighty, and
the terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh "reward.
doth execute the "judgement of the "fatherless and widow, and "loveth
the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. 19 NLove ye therefore the
stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. 20 Thou shalt "'fear Yahweh
thy God; him shalt thou serve; and to him shalt thou "cleave,
and by his "name shalt thou swear. 21 He is thy praise, and he is
thy God, that hath done for thee these "great and terrible things,
which thine "eyes have seen. 22 Thy fathers went down into Egypt
with "threescore and ten persons; and now Yahweh thy God hath made
thee as the 'stars of heaven for multitude. 111 Therefore thou shalt
"love Yahweh 'thy God, and "keep his "charge, and his 'statutes, and his
judgements, and his commandments, alway. 2 And 'know ye this day:
for [I speak] not with your children which have not known, and which
have not seen the "chastisement of Yahweh your God, his greatness,
his "mighty hand, and his stretched out arm, 3 and his 'signs, and his
works, which he 'did in the midst of 'Egypt unto Pharaoh the king of
Egypt, and unto all his land; 4 and what he did unto the army
of Egypt, unto their horses, and to their chariots; how he made the
water of the Red Sea to overflow them as they pursued after you, and
how Yahweh hath destroyed them 'unto this day; 5 and what he 'did
unto you in the wilderness, until ye came unto this place; 6 and what
he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben;
how the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their
households, and their tents, and every "living thing that 'followed them,
in the midst of "all Israel: 7 but "your eyes have seen all the great work
of Yahweh which he 'did. 8 Therefore shall ye keep all the com-
mandment which I command thee this day, that ye may be strong,
and 'go in and possess the land, whither ye 'go over to 'possess it;
9 and
that ye may "prolong your days upon the land, which Yahweh 'sware

109 & according as he spake, omitting Yahweh thy God.'
11 The proposal of Bacon (Triple Trad 258) to detach 101-11
and place it before 16.., overlooks the fact that 925-29 would then
be broken off abruptly without any close; 1010 would be
obviously out of place; while to1 would be unintelligible with-
out some previous explanation to lead up to it and fix the
occasion. It would be therefore necessary to suppose that the
beginning of the retrospect was lost. The view of Horst, RHR
xvi 32 f, overcomes the immediate difficulty of separating
Iol-11 from its context, by transporting the whole series of
reminiscences to the opening of the introductory survey 1-3.
This involves, however, other perplexities, for what preceded
the story of the Golden Calf in its altered position? The

announcement of the Ten Words would be the only possible
prelude, and this is already described in 5. Is that also severed
from its natural sequel? The group of recollections is surely
more in harmony with its surroundings where it stands. In
spite of some misproportion in detail it forms a suitable arraign-
ment against Israel which is fitting in its context. But there
would be no appropriateness in opening the great address with
such a series of charges, as though this was the chief issue of
the wanderings.
15 M Or, out of.

19 On the stranger' ('sojourner,' or gêr) see Driver's note in
loc. This verse appears to be derived from Lev 1934, and has
been regarded as a later insertion here. Cp Ex 2221 239.
112 M Or, instruction.—Cp 436.