Sumter, and all the calamities of the cutting and slaying, right and left, cousins subsequent conflict. It would have cut and kin, never stopping to reflect-if we us lose from all connection with slavery, had we shouldn't have fought any more! and we might have stood up before the Well, when I'd helped to thin the Southern world in the stature of a great and free ranks considerably, and done deeds that nation; free from the curse, shame, and only whiskey and excitement could have weakness that have weighed us down for made a man do, I spied a fine, tall young half a century. I can see no way out of fellow making full tilt at me with his the bog of these difficulties except by bayonet. I jumped aside, gave one lunge separation; and so far as I can work, by at him, and run him through, but oh, my pen or tongue, I shall labour for this God, I hadn't more than done it, before alternative. I am inclined to believe that, I discovered it was my own sister's son after a litte more of the bitter experience I'd killed! There were the blue eyes and of war, the people of the North will begin the black curly hair his mother was so to side in favour of such a separation. proud of, and just as he fell, bloody all For, although by their superior power, in over, he gasped out Oh! uncle, is it you? men and means, they may succeed in sub- is it you?' Oh! that dying look! I can duing the physical strength of the South, never forget it! it's burned and branded they cannot subdue human nature; they into my soul for all time and eternity!cannot subdue the new and bitter enmity There was the noble little boy I'd hugged of the Seceded States to a union with their to my heart many a time-there was the subduers. Unless this spirit that now fine, dashing young man that had grown burns in their hearts shall be subjugated, up so good and so handsome, it wasn't any it will require a standing army of several wonder his mother was proud of him. And hundred thousand men to keep them in now I'd murdered him, my own sister's subjection; and the north would not sus-child, my sister's only boy! Oh! if I tain the onus and the odium of such a could bring him back again, and restore force and attitude. My only hope, there- him to his mother! But tears nor blood fore, of peace, justice, and freedom, is in can't do that! Well, well, a soldier the separation of the Confederate States mustn't cry." into a temporary nationality; to be brought back into the union, one by one, by compensated emancipation. To show the nature of the war, I append the following incident, connected with the late battle at Bull's Run : 6 National Prejudice. E. B. they have long been trained by the Barnacles and Stiltstalkings, who were always proclaiming to them officially and unofficially, that no country which failed to submit itself to those two large families, would possibly hope to be under the protection of Providence; and who when they believed it, disparaged them in private as the most prejudiced people under the sun. -Little Dorritt. In the third place, they had a notion that it was a sort of divine visitation upon a "To those who are fond of the 'pomp foreigner that he was an Englishman; and and circumstance of war,' the sight of that that all kinds of calamities happened to immense army of occupation' marching his country because it did things that Engthrough our streets into Virginia, with flash-land did not, and did not do things that ing bayonets, and flaunting flags, and England did. In this belief, to be sure, nodding plumes, and rolling drums, and stirring bugles, must have been a glorious spectacle, but oh! to see that army in its return, routed, wounded, tattered and torn, bleeding, bruised and famishing, must have touched any Christian heart with pity. Some incidents of the battle must have been inexpressibly touching. There was one simple recital that affected us exceedingly. It was that of a regular soldier. Said he; 'I've been on the battle fields of Mexico, and nobody could ever say I was a coward there, but fighting foreigners is not like fighting one's own flesh and blood! I confess I felt qualmish, and if it hadn't been for a strong glass of bitters just as we moved forward, I should have showed the white feather right at once. Well, the word was given, and on we rushed madly, EXAMINATION.-A young man, being examined for his degree, failing in every subject upon which he was tried, complained that he had not been questioned upon the things which he knew. Upon which the examining master took off about an inch of paper, and, pushing it towards him, desired him to write upon that all he knew. War versus Christianity. MOREOVER: the origin of war is, to my us. (6 come wars and I where authorizes or sanctions self-defence by means of deadly weapons, or any other means than that of moral resistance.* find innumerable passages to the contrary. "Resist not evil; but whosoever shall smite thee on the one cheek, turn to him the other also." Peter was engaged in defensive war, when Christ bade him return his sword to its scabbard; and added, "All they that take the sword shall perish by the sword." And Christ, through this apostle, commands me not to render "evil for evil, nor railing for railing, but contrariwise blessing." And then comes Paul with a precept—a direct command-so grand and so sublime that he shall be a god who shall obey it— Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, written, Vengeance is mine: I will repay, but rather give place unto wrath; for it is saith the Lord. Therefore, if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink; for in so doing, thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head." And then the climax to this noble teaching, "Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with created a-fresh; to be born again. How than this against armed force in selfgood." Can anything be more conclusive then, can these two natures exist together-defence? Can words more clearly inculcate can War and Christianity be consistent? the spirit of non-resistance? Is self-defence But, it may be objected that the spirit of by any other means, in harmony with this defensive war is totally different from the patient suffering of wrong-this noble, this one we have described. This is the argu- Christ-like endurance of injury? ment of the advocates of war, and therefore I would grapple with it. I find that reason and New Testament scripture oppose this plea of self-defence. Reason opposes it because it assumes that brute force is superior to reason; or in other words, that a rational being is not to be convinced, and persuaded, and reconciled; but that, when offering violence, he is with summary vengeance, to be overthrown with violence, as if he were one of the brute creation. Is not this beneath the dignity of rational creatures? Is this an example of the excellency of virtue, and the superiority of moral over-physical agencies? Tell me not that the first aggressor, by forfeiting the claim and character of a man, ought to be treated as a brute. Shall lay aside the attributes of reason, and assume those of a brute, and degrade myself, because a fellow-creature sets me the example? Again and emphatically do I assert, on the ground and for the reasons now stated, that, until it can be shown that reason, and humanity, and religion are less powerful than brute force or violence, this plea of self-defence is contrary to reason. I take my stand one step higher and affirm that New Testament scripture no Thus, the origin of both aggressive and defensive war is contrary to the teaching of Christianity. Once more: is to abolish war. one object of Christianity In support of this position I appeal to prophecy. "He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire. They shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Isaiah also represents the universal harmony of God's creation in the reign of Christ. And even inanimate nature itself is pictured as having the attributes of life. "For ye shall go out with joy and be led forth with break forth before you into singing, and all peace. The mountains and the hills shall the trees of the field shall clap their hands." Lastly, Zechariah prophecies of the King, I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow shall be cut off; and he shall *We shall hereafter meet the passages which our opponents cite from scripture assumptively in favour of war. 139 Justin speak peace unto the heathen, and his letter. But a short time had Christianity dominion shall be from sea to sea, and been known, when Stephen nobly gave from the river even to the ends of the himself up to die. They were literally fulearth." What do these passages mean? filled by the early Christians. Do they not mean that a total cessation from the practice of war, is one of the most conspicous aims and ends of Christianity! But how can the general prevalence of Christianity abolish the custom of war, if the custom of war be consistent with the spirit of Christianity? : Further we proceed to consider the direct commands on this subject. We are to forgive them that offend; to love our enemies; to do good even to them that hate us; and to bless them that persecute us. We are not to resist evil. We are to give place unto wrath. We are to overcome evil with good. We are to recompense to no man evil for evil. We are to love our neighbours as ourselves. "God hath made of one blood all nations." Ah, we are, if need be, (and how divinely heroic, and how sublime would the action be!)-we are to present our bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable, unto God, which is our reasonable service. These are the commands. 66 Martyr says-" We who were once slayers of one another, do not fight against our enemies." Origen, in his celebrated work against Celsus says "We no longer take up the sword against any nation, nor do we learn any more to make war. We have become, for the sake of Jesus, the children of peace." Moreover, he adds, that it is by prayer they fight for their monarch. Tertullian says that a large number immediately upon embracing Christianity quitted the military service. Irenæus affirms that the feletratia prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled, and that the Christians know not how to fight. Origen says that they refused to bear arms in his time. These statements are confirmed by Archilaus and Eusebius, who inform us that numbers laid aside a military life and became private persons, rather than abjure their religion. Tertullian, in his "Discourse to Scapula," says 'that not a Christian could be found in any of the rebel armies, whether commanded by Cassius, Albinus, or Niger." These, then, are important facts, for the armies in question were very extensive. Cassius was master of all Syria, with its four legions; Niger of the Asiatic and Egyptian legions; and Albinus those of Britain, which legions together contained between a third and a half of the standing legions of Rome; and the circumstance that no Christian was to be found in them, is the more remarkable, because, according to the same authority, Christianity had then spread over almost the whole of the known world. In his "Soldier's Garland" he asks "Can a Another objection to these passages may soldier's life be lawful, when Christ has be taken, namely, that they are figurative pronounced, that those who live by the expressions, inculcating the virtues, meek- sword shall perish by the sword?" And ness, forbearance, gentleness, kindness, and" shall he who is not to revenge his own so forth. Well let us see how Christ and wrongs, be instrumental in bringing others his apostles and the early Christians ac- chains, inprisonment, torture, death?" The cepted them, literally or figuratively. Their same opinion is expressed by Laclantius, conduct and example constitute a conclu- Cyprian, Archelaus, Ambrose, Chrysostom, sive answer to the objection:-"He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before his shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth.' He was reviled and he reviled not again. He was spat upon and he smote not. He was mocked, and derided, and laughed to scorn; and the same spirit exhibited itself as when he said upon the cross, "Father forgive them; they know not what they do." And see how his followers fulfilled these precepts to the very But, perhaps, it may be objected, that they apply to individuals, and not to the ration in its corporate capacity. To this I reply, that every man, considered as a unit in a State, still retains his private responsibilities. His duty as a citizen does not dispossess him of his individual obligation to render to the law of God a consistent and uniform obedience. He is still the individual-the responsible I. He shares in the national sins as well as in the national glories, and must render a personal account thereof. 6 Jerome, and Cyril. Tertullian says that "it is the peculiar character of the Christians to have their enemies," and Athenagoras, Julian, and Laclantius make "this their character to be a proof of the divinity of their religion." Let me conclude this mass of evidence in the eloquent words of Isadore of Pelusium:-"The great King of Heaven," says he, "came down from above to deliver to the world rules for our heavenly conduct, which he has placed in crown. a certain mode of contending quite contrary to the Olympic Games. There he that fights and gets the better, receives the Here, he that is struck and bears it meekly, has the honour and applause. There, he that returns blood for blood; here he that turns the other cheek is celebrated in the theatre of angels; for the victory is not measured by revenge, but by a wise and generous patience. This is the new law of crowns; this is the new way of contending for the mastery." We find, accordingly, from Athenagoras, and other early writers, that the Christians of their time abstained, when they were struck, from striking again, and that they carried their principles so far, as even to refuse to go to law with those who injured them. (To be continued.) Brutalizing Effects of War. THE following presents a striking illustration of the hardening and brutalizing influence which the practice of war exercises upon the human race. How monstrous to assume that such excesses can ever be necessary : INDIAN HUNTING.-A correspondent of the San Franciso Times gives the following account of two weeks' operations of the Indian hunts on the northern border of the State:-"I suppose you have had the news up to the 27th of May from W. J. Reed, and from his reports you do not give us credit by fourteen for the amount killed. May 30 was one of the greatest days in our campaign, from the fact that at one o'clock a.m., we started from our camp with Lieutenant Collins at the head of the party, and after travelling until about six a.m., we came in sight of the ranches post. As the Indians were going out hunting, we commenced firing, and after a fight of half an hour went to counting the dead, and found about twenty five buck Indians dead and about ten wounded. We found no guns, but got twelve quivers full of arrows, which the Indians had made use of very fast. And now comes June 2, and with it another fight, showing evident signs that but few escaped the lead or knife. We were stationed in all directions here, and counted twenty-three killed and some wounded. We then burned the ranches and returned to camp. June 8.-Had another fight, killing seven. Some of the boys are out now, and I have not heard from them." Hearts-ease in the Family; A TALE FOR THE YOUNG, By the Author of "The Wife's Trials," "Grace Hamilton's School Days," "Kingsdown Lodge," &c. a CHAPTER VII.-CLINT MOUTH. MADELINE, who had often looked at the almost impracticable descent from the downs above, declared that there was broad, flat stone quite above the highest flood mark; and if they could get there, they would be safe till the tide had ebbed again. It was a dismal prospect: passing the night on the open shore, with the sea roaring for hours at their very feet, and probably, the furious sprays dashing over them; but in the helplessness of their situation, the Battery platform, as it was locally called, seemed to them like a haven of joy and rest. Straining every nerve, they again turned ; but not before the wild waves from the swelling estuary had wet their weary feet. On they walked in the fading twilight, dashing through pools of standing salt water, slipping over weed and moss, stumbling over the shingles, and ever looking anxiously at the towering Battery cliff that seemed to their excited fancy to mock their speed, and recede as they advanced. But of course the cliff was stationary as ever; and they got over the ground with wonderful celerity; so, at last, the desired point was reached. But alas! for the platform; it was much higher than Madeline had imagined; she had not calculated on the optical illusion produced by distance, and what she imagined to be about six feet was more than six yards, and the rocky shelf as much out of reach of the fugitives as if it had been sixty, from the shore. Hope deserted them. Pale, but quiet and calm, Gertrude sat down on a large stone, and tried to realise the awfulness of her situation. In little more than an hour, probably in less time, she and her companions would be swept from that lonely shore, and be embosomed amidst those dark, rclling waves that, with their thunder boom, came ever nearer and nearer. Her young heart quailed at the vision of those wild, strong billows snatching her away in their cold embrace, taking her breath, and bearing her, perhaps, to some foreign strand where no one would recognise her lifeless form; but she was not afraid to go to God. She had loved her Saviour so much and so long, that she did not shrink from seeing Him face to face; she was going home! to the home of her soul, her "Father's house on high!" She was roused by Madeline shrieking, Gertrude, Gertrude, we are going to be drowned! Oh, how fast the tide comes in, what can we do?" It was pitiable to see her agony, her wild, passionate despair; nor was it less mournful to watch the white, terror-blanched features of her governess. "What can we do?" murmured Miss Shepherd, looking up with such a gaze of anguish on the rolling sea, and the steep, untrodden cliffs. 66 Gertrude, oh, Gertrude! you are not frightened; what is it." "Jesus Christ walked on the waves of the deep; He stilled the storm, ages ago, in the Holy land," whispered Gertrude; "He can save us now.' "But will he?" hoarsely cried Miss Shepherd. "If you are not saved, what then?" The sea may take my body, firmly rereplied Gertrude: "my soul will go to Him. I love Him, why should I be afraid to live with Him for ever?" "But how do you know that! oves you?" 66 her side, and in the faint twilight discerned the calm resting on the pale young face. Gertrude did pray; she poured out her whole soul to God. She spoke to Him as one accustomed to hold converse with her Father in heaven; and the two miserable beings at her side, hung on the simple, yet thrilling words, as though they instinctively knew that the prayer of the righteous availeth much. She ceased; and the waves was very near. Suddenly she put out her hand, quite aimlessly, and it rested on a narrow ledge of rock, from which the cliff sloped inwards. "Here is safety for a little while longer," she cried; scramble up here, the tide may not rise so high." She led the way, and in two minutes they all gained another and higher ledge, which they felt sure must be above the ordinary water mark. But this was an equinoctial spring-tide. The sea-weed showed that the waves had been there that morning. Death was only delayed, not averted. we can "Oh! if we could but climb the Battery," cried Madeline. "If one of us could but go, there is a fisherman's hut just on the other side; he would bring out his boat." "Is there any path?" asked Gertrude. "Just a sheep track: we could not climb it. We had better be drowned than dashed to pieces." 'Oh, Miss Shepherd, He died for me. He let cruel men kill Him that I might be His child. He bought me with His blood, and I am His. He made my heart love Him and trust Him, and try to serve Him because He was my best Friend! And to "I am used to such paths," returned think I am going to see Him!" The last Gertrude. "I could go in safety where words were uttered to herself, not to her you would certainly perish. I was born companions. In that dark hour, so trying and bred among the mountains. If there to flesh and blood; by the grace of Al- is a path, I will try it." She eluded Miss mighty God it was given to her, a simple Shepherd's grasp, and leaped lightly from child, to bear witness to the faith once the ledge. given to the saints; to tremble no longer at the approach of the last enemy; but to stand triumphant on the Rock of Ages, looking to Jesus, the Author and Finisher of her salvation. And the two, in whose thoughts God had never been; the two who loved only the world, and the things that are seen, wondered greatly. Then they knew; as they recoiled from death and eternity; as they marked the young believer and her undying hope, and that religion was no mockery; no unsubstantial vision; but a blessed reality, bearing sweet blossoms of faith, and peace, and holiness in this life, and a glorious fruitage of immortal joy in the world beyond the grave! "Gertrude, pray!" said the governess, once more as she gazed through the gathering darkness on the little figure by CHAPTER VIII.-THE LITTLE HEROINE Ir was quite dark now at least the last glimmering of daylight had died away; but though the full moon was entirely obscured by heavy clouds, she had risen some time before, and banished the thick obscurity which would otherwise have effectually prevented Gertrude from finding the dangerous sheep-path which Madeline had indicated, The first few yards of her progress were hazardous indeed; but she was light, and sure-footed, and from her infancy she had been accustomed to what the inhabitants of level countries would have considered perilous paths. Moreover, she was not afraid; she believed that God had sent her to try the wild track, in order to effect the deliverance of the whole party. With one earnest prayer for guidance she planted her |