Who breaks thro' those, or sacrifices these, can God befriend? Indeed for men like us, whom groping after truth but leaves bewilder'd,

whom virtue fills with pride or fills with doubt,

faith is a precious thing. Beside the grave where a man strays alone; where other souls no longer buoy him up with fellow feelings; where all is changing; and between to be and not to be the dread abyss is yawning; where all that seem'd in life, truth, action, fact,

dwindles to a lie; where even reason's torch amid the wide and vacant gulph is quench'd, O Nathan, Nathan, faith is precious: there.

Give, give, conviction. In certainty is placed the might of truth. Doubt is its foe; a fatal grub that bores until the fair flower withers. It is shrivell❜d, deeper and deeper to the pith o'the root, faded for me; and round about me lie the fallow petals scatter'd. All their power, the fragrance they once shed across my soul, is gone. Then die, die, Saladin: thy lot be heaven, or hell, or everlasting nothing: die, die, for here is darkness all. Thy road is yonder over graves-o'er slaughter fields thick sown with skulls of men-well mois

ten'd too

with human gore. Who was the sower here? Who with his sabre plough'd the reeking soit? Who?

NATHAN.

Saladin, what ails thee, Saladin

SALADIN.

I, I, 'twas I, the valorous Saladin, 'Twas I, who mow'd these heaps of dead.

NATHAN.

do recollect thyself.

My Sultan,

SALADIN.

Ha! now I stand

in blood up to my girdle. 'Twas well fought, my warriors, nobly slaughter'd.-Bury them: for fear their God should see them, and revenge on us their blood.

NATHAN.

For the Monthly Magazine.

THE DILLETANTI TOURIST, Or LETTERS from an AMATEUR of ART, in LONDON, to a FRIEND near MANCHESTER. No. V.

N

I pursuing tour through the

TOWNLEY Collection of Antiquities, the next department that I shall attempt describing, is that of the ROMAN SEPUL CHRAL ANTIQUITIES, which are deposited in the fifth room. This room is of excellent proportions, vaulted, and lighted from a dome; the ceiling is supported by antæ of the Doric order, and in the interpilasters are niches and recesses in which are deposited sepulchral urns with inscriptions of great antiquity and considerable beauty. In the centre of the floor is a beautiful Mosaic pavement lately discovered in digging the foundations for the new buildings at the Bank of England, and presented to the British Museum by the directors of that opulent establishment.

They are mostly taken from the cemeteries of the Romans, of which every family of consequence had one appropriat ed to itself. The largest and most ancient cemeteries were those of Memphis, which have been discovered near that city in a circular plain, nearly four leagues in diameter, which is called the Plain of Mummies. The care of the Egyptians for the preservation of the body after death, exceeded even their wishes for the conservation of the memory of their illustrious dead. The Greeks and Romans

relics of the body; they contented themselves with burying them. The custom of burning their dead and preserving the ashes appears to have arisen more from a wish of preventing violation, than the mere destruction of the body. The Romaus paid great veneration to the remains of their forefathers; they erected cemeteries to their honour, and deposited the ashes of each individual in its own distinct catacomb, in a cinerary urn, inscribed with the name of the party, whose memory is thus recorded. The contents of this room are principally of these cinerary and sepulchural urns and monumental inscriptions, each deposited after the an cient manner in a catacomb.

No. 1, is a monumental inscription to Q. Aufidius Generosus, formerly in the collection of Thomas Hollis, esq. and presented by him to the Museuin; together with No. 2, to Delia Fortunata, Aelius Telesphorus, and others; No. 3, to M. Nævius Proculus; No 5, to T. Sex. Agatha; No. 20, to Eutychia; No.

22, to C. Julius Primigenius; No. 23, to Lucretia; and No. 44, to Isidorus.

Among the most singular of these sepulchral antiquities, are two earthen olla (No. 6) placed in the manner of those which contained the ashes of the slaves, and the inferior orders of the Roman people. The monumental inscription in front of these ancient relics of Roman customs, records the names of Anniolena Maxima, and Servilia Irene. No. 12, is a sepulchral vase, found near Naples.

This ancient city and Pisa both had semeteries of such magnitude and elegance of construction, that they might be taken as models of such structures. The disposition or arrangement of the great cemetery of Naples, where this vase was found, had particular reference to salubrity. It was a vast enclosure, hollowed into as many subterraneous apartments as there were days in the year, presenting three hundred and sixtyfive openings, arranged symmetrically round its superfices. Every opening was enclosed by a stone, and every catacomb only opened once in the year, on the day of which opening all the dead who were to be buried on that day were deposited; and by putting lime into coffins, the bodies were consumed, or their more putrescent parts decayed, before the annual opening of that catacomb. The cemetery of Pisa, called the Campo Santa, was a celebrated and noble cdifice, of a good style of architecture, and one of the most remarkable funereal monuments in Europe. It was projected by Ubaldo, the Bishop of Pisa, in 1200, began in 1218, and finished in 1283. John of Pisa, the most celebrated arelitect of his time, had the cate of this great work, which reflects much lionour his memory as an architect of great ability. It was nearly five hundred feet in lentib, and eighty in breadth. This cemetery was entirely built of white marble.

No. 13, in this room, is a remarkable sarcophagus of good workmanship, representing the lamentation of family over the dead body of a departed relative. Nos. 21 and 21, are both Etruscan cinerery urns in terra cotta. The basso rilievos on the fronts of both, represent the hero Echetles fighting with a plough share for the Greeks, at the battle of Marathon, and on each of the goyers is a recumbent female figure. On the upper part of the latter urn is an Eirus. can inscription in red letters, which was recovered to the world by the zeal and

generosity of the late ingenious Sir Wil liam Hamilton.

According to Fabretti, the cinerarium. was the name of a sepulchral edifice; in which conjecture he is supported by Monfaucon, and in the 5th Vol. Plate 4th, he describes a cinerarium of this description. But the true meaning of the word is undoubtedly as here employed by the editors of the Synopsis of the Museum; that is, an urn in which the cineres or ashes of the dead were de posited, as the ossuarium was a vessel in which the bones of the departed were enclosed. The rest of the sepulchral antiquities in this noble collection are equally valuable and interesting to the history of the arts. They serve to point out the names of illustrious men, and shew, us how the Romans respected the manes of their departed relatives. One of them is peculiarly interesting; it is a sarcophagus, on the front of which various figures of Cupid and Psyche are represented, perhaps to the memory of a departed virgin on the eve of marriage.

The next room is appropriated to Greek and Roman sculptures, as medallions, sarcophagi, bassorilievos, fragments, shields, altars, busts, &c. I shall mention a few of the principal, for if I were to enumerate all that are worthy of notice, I should describe every article, and never bring my letters to a close. No. 2 is part of the front of a sarcophagus, representing Achilles among the daugh ters of Lycomedes. Nos. 1 and 8, are two medallions, representing in profile the bust of an unknown Greek philosopher, of early workinhuship and good sculpture. No. 11 is a fine fragment of a magnificent sarcophagus, representing an elderly man with a manuscript roll in his hand, which he is reading, and be fore him a Muse is standing holding a mask; probably to the memory of a comedian, or dramatic poet.

No. 10 is a fragment of a sarcophagus representing Bacchus with a thyrsus, in his left huid, and with his right arm thrown over the shoulder of a Faun. Now I am upon the subject of the thyrsus, which I alluded to in my last, I take the opportunity of meutiquing that I have enclosed you herewith an outline sketch of a bacchus, from the collection of Lord Elgin, which I chose purposely from having the pine-apple head of the thyrsus distinctly represented. Na. 12 is remarkable for its representing a bacchanalian procession, forming the front of a sarcophagus. No. 13 is an alto

on.

This (though it have not been heretofore recommended) is best and most speedily accomplished by a tepid bath (of 98° Fahrenheit); for without this temperature, the vital functions cannot go Stimulants have, with this view, been generally applied to the skin and lungs, and even to the intestines. In the last case it is usual to strip the patient of all his wet clothes, rub him perfectly dry, whilst several assistants are warming blankets; and when dry, he is directed to be laid upon a table, with two blankets under hin; a third is wrapt round his body, and should be removed, when it loses to any considerable degree its original warmth. This operation is to be repeated, until signs of recovery become apparent. While this process goes on, at least four assistants are employed in rubbing the legs and arms. Neutral saline bodies, and especially common salt has been used at the time, and in aid of friction; but if, in a chemical point of view, we are at a loss to see how it operates, most probably warm ashes, or any similar substance, by its mere mechanical power, and temperature, may answer every purpose. Whilst this is going forward, a dilute solution of ammonia is applied to his wrists and ancles (for a strong solution of the Aq. ummon. pur. would have a tendency actually to dissolve the epidermis, and even the vera cutis itself, in many cases. The ordinary spirit of hartshorn is consequently often employed; and a feather steeped in it is to be applied every ten minutes to the nos trils; bladders of hot water, in this case, to the feet and armpits have an important value. Others have found much advantage by dipping a blanket into boiling water, wringing the same as dry as possible, and wrapping the patient closely up in it, when undressed. This is recommended to be repeated every ten minutes, for two or three hours.

But whilst these external applications of restoring heat to the body are going forward, internal means of rousing the heart and arterial system to action, 'must not be neglected. This is material, both with a view to the maintenance of a fit degree of animal heat, and to the support of the nervous system itself.

The smoke of tobacco, or other stimulants, applied by way of clyster, and air passed through the nostrils into the Jungs, are employed with success occasionally. But oxygenous gas, from a suit

able pneumatic apparatus, or, what is still better, the nitrous oxide, might be used with still greater advantage; if we cal culate upon their effects on the human body being analogous to those they usually produce upon animals that have been drowned, or suffocated, by the deleterious effects consequent to the inhalation of hydrogen gas, carbonic acid, carburetted hydrogen, sulphureous acid gas, nitrous air, or the compounder gases, constituting the choak and fire damps, with other deleterious vapours. But it is to be lamented, that, however impor tant these means are, and however ethi eacious they promise to be, still they are seldom used in aid of other means probably at hand, and usually recommended in cases of suspended animation. It is desirable, that in every situation where there is a life-boat kept, such an apparatus as would at once yield these valuable gases, should be its companion. It is usual in the injection of the fumes of tobacco, to have a common clysterbag, and at the other end have a common tobacco-pipe, firmly attached to it. The bowl of the pipe is to be filled with tobacco, and well lighted; then by ap plying a playing-card, formed in the shape of a funnel, round the bowl of the tobacco-pipe, and blowing with the mouth at the other end, the bag may be filled with smoak; and this may be injected into the intestines, by simply filling aud compressing the bag or containing bladder. For throwing air into the lungs, the stem of a common tobaccopipe may answer. This should be introduced into one of the nostrils, and at the same time the other is to be closed by a finger, as well as the mouth. Blow pretty strongly. When the lungs are full, by pressure on the breast the air may be forced from the lungs again. This process should be continued for at least half an hour. It is usual to administer the tobacco-fumes, and the inflation of the lungs alternately, but there is no good reason,why the operations should not proceed together. And it is recommended, that these processes be persevered in, even for hours, although no signs of life appear.

At the same time that we do not deny to these methods their respective portions of merit, we cannot help adverting to the general value of electricity in cases of this nature. But it has been too frequently a subject of regret, that the objection to its employment depends upon the incompatibility of its excita