paralleled.

The engines of torture which they are said to carry with them, to force confession of concealed treasure, are of a terrible description. The iron chair in which, heated red hot, the of fender is placed, and the envelope of the same metal, also heated red hot, to encircle his head, are among a few of them. These are particularly mentioned by the missionaries, who resided in the Carnatic at the time of their grand irruption there in 1740; and, in fact, for one of them, Pere Madeira, after having been first severely flogged, and exposed several days naked to a vertical sun, to make him discover hidden treasure, the chair and that envelope were heated red hot; but by the interposition of one of the generals he was respited. Their more Tenient punishments are slitting the nose, and cutting off the ears; but Bernier, who was an eye-witness of their cruelties, during the plunder of Surat, in 1664, says, that, to make the rich inhabitants discover their wealth, they were guilty of more horrid cruelties, cutting off the legs and arms of those who were suspected of secreting it.

"If it were only against the Moors, the ferocious invaders of their country, the despoilers of the Hindoo temples, and the remorseless murderers of the priests of Brahma, that these cruelties were directed, it would be less a subject of wonder, since Sevajee publicly announced himself the avenger of the gods of Hindos tan, against the sanguinary violators of their shrines, meaning Aurangzebe, and the Moguls; but their rage is indiscriminating; and Hindoos and Mahommedans are alike the victims of their unrelenting barbarities. How astonishing must this conduct appear to every reflecting mind! Scrupulous minutely to observe all the prescribed duties of their cast, with respect to diet and ablutions, even amidst the tumult of war, and often to the obstruction of the business of a campaign, yet practising every species of brutal in humanity: how strange the transition from the meekness of prayer to the rage of plunder; from ablution in the purify ing wave, that washes away sin, to bathe in torrents of human blood. From all this pollution, however, the Brahmins, who share in the plunder, have the effrontery to tell them, they are purified by the sacrifice of a buffalo, accompanied with many mysterious ceremonies, and with this wretched salvo their consciences are appeased.

incredible what, on good authority, I had long ago intimated in the Indian Antiquities, when detailing the ancient sanguinary rites of Hindostan; that, even at this day, certain tribes of the ferocious race of Mahrattas, are more than suspected of secretly cherishing a number of human victims, the most remarkable for personal beauty that can possibly be obtained, and generally in the full vigour and bloom of youth, for the rites of the altar; of fattening them, like the stall-fed oxen, for slaughter; and on grand solemnities of festivity, or grief, of actually offering up those unhappy victims to their gloomy goddess Cali, in all the pomp of that tremendous sacrifice.

"Making war their sole profession, and letting themselves out to the best bidder, they are to be found in all quarters, and are alternately engaged by all parties. It is dangerous, however, to employ them; for the offer of better terins generally induces them to change sides; and plunder being their grand object, they often devastate the very country which they were hired to defend. Their principal strength lies in their numerous cavalry, which they cherish with the greatest care; and their horses, like themselves, being inured to privations, and perpetually in exercise, are of a hardier nature, and more capable of bearing fatigue, than any brought into the field by the princes of India. Rapid in their movements, and unincumbered with baggage, they render themselves formidable to the Mogul armies, by harassing their rear, by ravaging the country, and by cutting off their supplies. They avoid, as much as possible, a general engagement, but when it takes place they combat with resolution; and in the use of the sabre are dreadfully dexterous. If, however, their arms are crowned with victory, their principal attention is instantly directed to plundering the camp of the vanquished, instead of pursuing them to extermination. Were they firmly united under one able commanding chief, as under Sevajee, they would be formidable indeed, and must soon be the sovereigns of Hindostan; but their government being feudal, divided among many chiefs, mostly at variance with each other, their power is weakened in pr portion, and it is only from their devastations that Hindostan has to fear."

ARCHEOLOGY.

work

work of singular curiosity, and almost unrivalled elegance.

"I have often wished," says Mr. Hope, "that some person who had made antiquarian investigation his hobby; who had visited the chief countries in which are found collections of antiquities, in sculpture, painting, fictile vases, coins, and gems; who had compared the original monuments of different Musea, with each other, and with the representations existing of them in print; and finally, who had preserved memoranda and drawings, of whatever interesting remains, in different places, had never yet been published; might be tempted to produce some compendium which, weeded, on the one hand of the representations of all such monuments as are either confessedly spurious, or doubtful, or insig nificant; and enriched, on the other, with transcripts of all such specimens, as, though genuine and interesting, have not yet found their way into other descriptions; should offer, as it were, the purest spirit of many different larger works, condensed in one single restricted volume; nay, often the most interesting derails of many different antique originals concentrated in one single small figure, in such a way, as to become capable of being again most easily and readily trans. fused in, and applied to the most extended and diversified modern compositions; and by so doing, should form, to the large and expensive works above described, not only an useful substitute with those individuals who cannot command them, but even an interesting supplement with those who can, and do possess them.

"This task never having been undertaken by those more able to accomplish it, I have at last, inadequate as were my abilities, attempted, in some measure, to perform myself.

"As I conceived the object of an epitome, like the one I intended, was not to present the whole mass of information which the savant might possess on an. cient costume, but only such details as the painter might oftenest want to introduce; not to afford topics for discus sion to the antiquarian, but only models for imitation to the artist; not to advance erudition, but only to promote taste; the representation of many remains more curious than picturesque, more rare, even in ancient composition themselves, than applicable to modern works of art, has been entirely omitted: and as I moreover apprehended the limits of such a

publication, required its restricted designs to be accompanied by still more concise elucidations, a succinct account of the varieties of costume, most interesting to the artist, offered in the shape of a general introduction to these designs, has been preferred to a detailed illustration of each of the plates in particular; which must have occasioned many repetitions, and have swelled the volume beyond a portable size. Where this method might have left indeterminate, or doubtful, the application of these general data to the different individual plates, the uncertainty has been, as far as pos sible, removed, or the deficiency supplied, by the short explanations introduced at the bottom of the plates themselves. All account of the authorities, on which each of the designs individually rests, has been studiously omitted; where, from a great diversity of models having supplied each in a very small proportion the different component parts of a single representation, this account must have become a long and circumstantial treatise; and some indication of the sources, from which the delineations are borrowed, has only been admitted; where, from a single original having furnished in the lump almost the whole of the design offered, this account might be comprehended in a single line."

Having described Mr. HOPE's work so amply from his own preface, it may be necessary, perhaps, to add little more, than that the general preliminary remarks are divided under three heads: "The Costume of the Asiatics; Grecian Costume; and the Costume of the Romans."

The engravings, in outline, two hundred in number, have been principally executed by Mr. Moses, from drawings by Mr. HOPE himself. Among the most exquisite in point of style, we notice: 1, Phrygian Lady. 28, Grecian Ladies in dresses of the old style. 32, Grecian Female, from a statue in Mr. Hope's possession. 35, Grecian Lady. 37, 38, 40, 74, 76, Greek Warriors, from fictile vases. 54, Greek Warrior, from a bronze in the Florentine Gallery, 58, Female Flute-player. 62, 65, Bacchantes. 88, 89, 91, 104, 122, 144, Grecian Females. 155, Tripod, Candelabrum, Chair, &c. 136, 151, Vases, Pateras, Lamp, &c. 157, Greek Vases.. 174, Roman Study. 177, Victorious Auriga, or Driver in the Games of the Circus, from a statue in the Vatican. 184, Roman General. 189, 190, 191, Roman Soldiers. 198, 199, Roman Co

lumbaria,

lumbaria, for the reception of Cinerary Urns.

The work itself is printed in two sizes: in two volumes quarto, and in one octavo. The latter, we are informed, has risen in price considerably since its publication.

The most important work, however, which we have to notice in the class of Archæology, is the description of the "Greek Marbles, brought from the Shores of the Euxine, Archipelago, and Medi terranean, and deposited in the Vestibule of the public Library of the University of Cambridge," by EDWARD DANIEL CLARKE, LL.D. It forms a modest, valuable catalogue, and is accompanied by four plates. The account of the statue of Ceres, published in 1803, is included in it, accompanied by some additions; and at the end, we have Professor Porson's translation of the Greek inscription on the Rosetta stone, now at the British Museum.

Here also may be mentioned, the account of ABBOT ISLIP'S " Funeral," published by the Society of Antiquaries, in continuation of their Vetusta Monumenta, from a manuscript roll in the Herald's college.

BIOGRAPHY.

First, in point of importance, in this class, we place, "The Life of Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's; chiefly compiled from Registers, Letters, and other authentic Evidences," by RALPH CHURTON, M.A. rector of Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire. A work, which does honour both to the head and heart of the compiler. ALEXANDER NOWELL, a learned divine, and a famous preacher in the reign of King Edward the VI. was, to use the words of honest Izaac Walton, a man, that in the reformation of Queen Elizabeth, not that of Henry VIII was so noted for his meek spirit, deep learning, prudence, and piety, that the then parliament and convocation, both, chose, enjoined, and trusted him to be the man to make a Catechism for pub lic use, such a one as should stand as a rule for faith and manners to their posterity. And the good old man, though he was very learned, yet, knowing that God leads us not to heaven by many, nor by hard questions, made that good, plain, unperplexed Catechism, which is printed with our good old service-book. Upon the death of Edward VI. Nowell, with many other protestants, fled to Germany, where he lived for several years. In 1561, he was made dean of

St. Paul's; and in 1601, he died. Pre fixed to the work, is an engraving of the portrait, which is likewise described by WALTON, in the "Complete Angler.” It is also accompanied by several other elegant embellishments.

A work more splendid in appearance, though certainly of less general attraction in its contents, has been published by Dr. DISNEY, in the "Memoirs of Themas Brand Hollis, esq. F.R.S. and S.A." Prefixed is a portrait of Mr. Hollis: and interspersed, are nine views of the Hyde, (near Ingatestone,) and its curiosities. The work itself, like the monument which Dr. Disney erected in the church of Ingatestone, is a testimony of friendship and gratitude.

In Mr. MEADLEY'S "Memoirs of Dr. Paley," we have another life, of no ordinary interest to the world in general. If it is not written with quite so much compactness as Mr. Churton's Life of Nowell, it is not strikingly inferior. Mr. Meadley, in the preface which precedes it, expresses himself in a manner too modest to be passed by. "The Memoirs (he says) now offered, to supply in some degree, a neglect, or at least to provoke the exertions of some abler pen, are, in the compiler's own estimation, very far from complete. The acknowledged talents of some of Dr. Paley's earlier and more intimate friends, from whom an authentic detail of his life might most naturally be expected, ought perhaps to have deterred from the attempt one who knew him outy in his later years. But a persuasion, that the whole of any eminent character can never be duly appreciated, except from the views of different observers on the one hand, and, on the other, an anxious wish to bear testimony to the merits of a much respected pastor, and to perpetuate his memory amongst his last pa rishioners more especially, have produced the present publication."

The Narrative is by no means one of dry detail. It is interspersed, not only with numerous, but valuable, memoranda of Dr. Paley's Conversations; highly illustrative of his real character.

In an Appendix will be found, some of Dr. Paley's minor productions, which, though not absolutely new to the public, are comparatively little known,

In a "Narrative of the last Ilmen, and Death of Richard Parson, M.. Professor of Greek, in the University of Cambridge," by Dr. ADAM CLARER, He have a pamphlet which cannot fail to

excite some interest with almost every reader. It is accompanied by a fac simile of an ancient Greek inscription, which formed the chief subject of the profes sor's last literary conversation.

Nor must we here forget to mention a posthumous publication of Mr. GIL PIN'S, whose writings, both on the pic turesque, and in biography, have been so long valued by the world. It is a small volume, containing, "Memoirs of Josias Rogers, esq. Commander of his Majesty's Ship Quebec: and presents the life of a gallant sailor, who would unquestionably have risen to higher honours in his profession, had his life been spared. The narrative is simple and impressive; worthy the pen of him whose name it bears.

NATURAL HISTORY, MINERALOGY, &c. Since our last Appendix, but few articles have occurred on the subject of Natural History.

Of Dr. SHAW's "Zoological Lectures," delivered at the Royal Institu. tion, it may be sufficient to announce the title. The author is well known by his former works, and as a public lecturer. If they contain but little novelty, they are neither destitute of order, interest, or correctness, the principal objects in works of Natural History.

"DEDE'S English Botanical Pocket Book, and DONOVAN'S Natural History of British Insects," are both.useful companions for those who carry with them leis sure, taste, industry, and a love of science, into their country retreats, and most of all, for those who are secluded a considerable part of the year.

"The Alphabetical List of the Mineral Names, in English, French, and German," can only interest those who are in some measure adepts, or who wish to make collections.

We have found ourselves much inter. ested in Mr. COLLIER'S "Thoughts on Reanimation, from the Reproduction of Vegetable Life, and the Renewal of Life after Death to Insects." This work is so replete with the different views in which nature falfils her benevolent de signs in each system, that we cannot fail to recommend it to our young readers for the novelty they will meet with; and to their elders, for the comfortable as surances it points out of a future state, from every analogy.

"While the insect and the plant have been passing through one stage of sentient life, at the same time preparations have been, in a regular train, going on

for another, which death at length un folds.

"Does all this foresight and contrivance end with these inferior systems→→→ is theirs, and theirs only, the distinguished privilege of living always?

"All of it did not die.' Life and death appeared, however, in alternate succes sions. The wither and death of the plant having taken place, a re-organized body, retaining the resemblance and qualities of the former, fills up its place, and passes through its several stages to maturityperfection.

"The insect, on the close of its first stage of animation and life, some short pause is seen to take place, and it appears to die, while yet, life is only again renewing, and to be passed in some newcreated body which it now enters into→→→ clad and fashioned as it may. Thus is Nature bringing about all her purposes, as they respect succession and reproduction, throughout these two systems.

"Is one stage of active life all we have to pass-no surely! the two systems we have here investigated, from analogy, at least, assure us, that we also live again that we partake somehow, together with them, in the blessings of renewed existence somewhere.

"Under the intelligent will of the Power at work, one regular persevering process is going on-assuredly, in some way, it may implicate usor, do we deny the probability, that the grant of life after death extends beyond the two systems of insect life and vegetable? It is impossible to conceive of some not dissimilar mode adopted for the renewal of life after death to the human race. We have constantly seen the preparations going on, during one life for another in the plant; is it too much to expect, that at some period, (affixed or not) is it too much to suppose, that the envelopement of some particle (of dimension what it may) should take place in us. Death unfolds a something. We every day trace it in both systems."

On the subject of Anatomy, we have to announce one of those splendid performances which have long been common in a rival nation, but which rarely appear among us. A Hunter, a Baillie, a Cooper, a Saunders, have indeed introduced us to engravings, imitating, if not real life, at least that state of parts which the anatomist only can demonstrate. Mr. WATTS has undertaken an "Anatomico-Chirurgical Review of the Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces," with

appropriate

appropriate references, and an anatomical description, by Mr. Laurence. This work, which when coloured, is offered at the price of 21. 12s. 6d. does honour to the artist and anatomist. It comprehends almost the whole of the surface covered by the sneiderian membrane, and is in all respects finished in such a style, that we are not afraid to recommend it to our readers.

Mr. WISHART, has given us an Engtish Translation of Professor Scarpi's Treatise on the Anatomy, Pathology, and Surgical Treatment of Aneurisms." It is not a little remarkable, that this important subject has never before been thought worthy of occupying the labour of a separate treatise. It is hardly necessary to remark, how competent both the writer and translator are to the task they have undertaken. But happily the improvements in operative surgery do not rest, and in none have bolder undertakings appeared than in the cure of aneurism. What Mr. Abernethey at tempted in the lower extremities, and what Mr. Cowper has accomplished in the carotid artery, would have been deemed incredible by no very remote antiquity.

The number of Diseases of the Heart, which have been related in the various journals, made us examine with some eagerness, Mr. BURN's Observations on some of the most important diseases of that organ. It is indeed difficult to say, what diseases of the heart are not most important. The work appears to us by far too systematic; at least we are ready to confess, that we have not been able to make distinctions during life which have turned to much account. We trust, how ever, the examination of this part of the human frame, will never be omitted in any future dissections.

Strictures being among the calamities of declining life, and by no means uncommon in the early period, have always been a prolific source of emolument to practitioners of all descriptions. So much has at different times been promised by empirics, and so carefully did some of the French surgeons conceal their practice, that that there was some danger, lest this irksome complaint should be altogether consigned to irrregulars. Mr. Hunter first gave us rational notions on this subject, which have been greatly improved by his successor, Mr. Hlume. Whether that gentleman has really shown too great a partiality to the child of his

own adoption, we pretend not to determine; nor whether that child has proved as disobedient, mischievous, and perverse, as some pretend. The opinion has, however, become pretty general, that the caustic has been resorted to more frequently than was necessary. Mr. W. WADD has produced a performance equally candid and respectable on this controversy.

Dr. PARE, of Exeter, has edited a complete (if any thing of the kind can be complete) Medical Dictionary, which he has called "The London Medical Dietionary." When we consider the immense labour of such an undertaking, we can only express our surprise, that a man so competent to the task could be found, whe could have patience to execute it so well.

Dr. HOOPER'S " Physician's Vade Mecum," is another attempt at simplifying an art which must always be complex. However, a manual of this kind may be useful in teaching the young practitioner what symptoms he is to look for, and in reminding him of the appropriate remedies for each.

We have perused with no small satisfaction, "Mr. WATT's Treatise on Diabetes." The boldness and novelty of the practice here recommended, and countenanced by able and experienced practitioners, may give us courage in the use of evacuations under all stages of disease, and without doubt, they will prove successful in many, in which at present they are rarely thought of.

Dr. LAMB has produced a work, in some measure explanatory of his last, in which he advised the constant use of pure or distilled water. In the present, he saves the rich the trouble of distilling, and the poor the mortification of drinking, water dangerously impregnated. In short, he assures us, that man has no busi ness to drink at all; and as to eating, that he should confine himself to vegetables: that his canine teeth are of no more use to him than to the ape, whose confor mation in this, and in most other re spects, are more exactly similar than in most other animals. Yet the ape is graminivorous. It is indeed admitted, that to man animal food is often, not only the most grateful, but even the only digesti ble, food. But such is the force of habit, it seems to destroy all our natural propensities. One should think that the same habit might also alter the functions, so as to accommodate them to these new liabits. And so it seems admitted it does;