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shall conclude. Before an orator expresses any sentiment, he should always exhibit the gesture appropriate to it. Two months after I had discovered the propriety of this, I happened to repair to Bourdeaux, and was proud to find, on perusing the manuscripts of Montesquieu, that this great man was also accustomed to do so.

"Varietés, &c."-Varieties. "A Dialogue between the Plough and the Spade;" by Citizen Lalauze.

In one of those periods of leisure, when the farmer allows the partners of his toils to enjoy rest with himself, the Plough, the Spade, and Harrow, conversed together in nearly the following manner: The Plough, Dawn by pampered steeds that subunit to my yoke, my labours assume the appearance of a triumph: nothing can equal the quickness of my operations. I furrow the earth, and open its bosom, in order to deposit there the germ of the riches of nations. My success is demonstrated by those abun dant harvests, which spread prosperity every where around me.

The Spade.-I, on my part, am slow, but sure. You open large furrows mine are deep ones. If the power which puts you in motion could but exercise its action on me, I should then equal you in quickness, and surpass you in the perfection of my work.'

The Plough.-More than one hero has guided me, and has not left me, but in order to fly to battle: that over, descending from the triumphal car, he has decked me with his laurels.

The Spade Faithful companion of the poor and humble inhabitant of the country, I modestly cultivate that portion of the earth which provides for all his wants; I am your successful rival in those labours, and the sweat with which he bedews me, is the homage he offers to my usefulness.

The Plough, I possess decidedly the advantage of celerity over you: what can you oppose in point of perfection?

The Spade.-The opinion of the very Jabourer, who employs us in his different operations.

The Plough.-Indeed! Let us call in our sister, the Harrow, then, who has been listening to us all this while, as an an arbitrator,

The Harrow-Well? neither of you performs any work that is not fully submitted to my censure: the labours of both pass through my teeth, before they can be deemed perfect. After this, who will dispute my right of decision?

The Spade,-Our sister is in the right.

The Plough.-I consent the more willingly to appeal to her arbitration, because her judgment will be founded on facts.

The Harrow. When I travel over the labours of the plough, I seldom arrive at the end of the furrow without depositing roots or herbs, which form an obstacle to my operations. If I pass across a space dug by the spade, I reach the conclusion of my journey without any embarrassment.. These facts form the basis of the judgment, which you yourselves may decide upon.

The Spade-I may now conclude, without vanity, that my work is preferable to that of the plough.

The Plough I appear in so many dif ferent forms, that the determination of our sister may be founded on those that are the least favourable to my labours.

The Harrow.-The variety of your forms has contributed but little to your utility, for I always experience the same fatigue, when I put the last hand to your work. Imitate the modesty, and above all, the good sense of the Spade: it has often been attempted to introduce changes in the manner of its action, but always with disadvantage.

The Spade. That is very true, and indeed I am now thoroughly convinced that I am indebted for most of my advantages to the force and address of that vigorous arm which puts me in motion. He who pretends to give me another agent, has perhaps never reflected on, nor examined my play in the hands of man. By a line inclined towards the horizon, I at first form an acute, which immediately leads to a right angle; then a robust foot, aided by the whole weight of a body that bends over me, forces down my edges to a considerable distance in the earth; on this my handle, serving as a lever, the same hand, assisted by the body which leans upon it, returning me from a right angle to a state of parallelism, in order to overcome the resistance of the mass with which I am charged; this same mass is turned overin such a manner, that fertility immediately ensues. Agitated in all directions, I at length serve as a inace, to break clods which I have torn up. By means of another operation, I either scatter the dung on the surface, or bury it entirely under the soil. Let art imitate, if it can, this exercise, which in the hands of a man is a mere sport.

The Harrow. You may set the world

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at defiance. You will never perform so to Stanislaus Augustus, late King of much in the hands of art, as in those of an able-bodied peasant.

The Plough. I have been more fortunate than the spade, in respect to improvement. It has even been attempted to render the agency of cattle unnecessary, in respect to my efforts.

The Harrow.-Cease to boast your supposed advantages; for on examining these with attention, you will soon be for ced to confess your errors.

Do you allude to those pretended improvements, according to which man was to be substituted for the ox, or the horse? What an absurdity is it, to believe, that he could equal the powers of a being destined by nature for this kind of labour? But supposing, which however is impossible, that man were so able so manage you, and by your aid, open broad and deep furrows, what advantage would result from this new method? Is it the supof an expensive mode of cultiva pression tion by means of cattle? But is not the animal now fed for that purpose, useful also on account of its dung? What would the earth, thus ploughed by you, produce, were it left solely to itself? Its fertility would be soon annihilated. I insist no farther, respecting these ridiculous errors, because I perceive with satisfaction, that no real farmer ever falls into them.

"Sur les Ouvres de Filiangieri."-Intelligence concerning the works of Filiangieri.

So jealous was the court of Vienna formerly, lest the inhabitants of the provinces should conceive any adequate notions of justice, that the "Systême de Legislation," by Filiangieri, was prohibited both in the German and Hungarian languages, although he himself had been countenanced, and even employed, by the late Emperor. The Italian edition, however, was permitted, on due application, to be read by learned and discreet

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Poland.

This prince appears to have been better calculated for a retired literary life, than the brilliant, but delusive splendour reserved to him by the favour of the Empress Catherine. He had been in England, understood its literature, and frequently employed its artists. During the first ten years of his reign he caused several medals to be struck at Warsaw, of which the following is a list.

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1. A medal to the memory of Charles Wyrwitz, director of the corps of Cadets, at Warsaw.

2. Another to the honour of Adam Naruszewitz and Mathias Sarbiewiski, poets.

3. A third struck by order of the king, on the confederation of Bar, in 1769: the following is the inscription:

Pro fide, grege, et lege.

4. A medal, in memory of Stanislaus Konarski.

5. Another in memory of Martin Poezobut, the astrenomer.

6. One in memory of Antonis Portaluppi, Rector of the Military, Scliool of Cadets, at Warsaw.

7. An inferior medal for men of merit, with the same inscription as the former:

Merentibus.

8. A medal, representing a vessel sailed by a tempest, and steering steadily among opposing rocks and dangers. The

motto:

Tu ne cede malis.

In respect to this medal, which the king never bestowed willingly," "there exists a curious piece of secret history, Soon after it had been struck, a caricature print appeared, in which this same slup made a conspicuous figure, while its su

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That the antient German spirit was completely subdued, the following copy of an order, emanating from the late Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, but a few years since, will fully demonstrate:

"The public is once more informed, in conformity to the injunctions of October 9, 1794, that every species of applause is interdicted at the Theatre, unless their highnesses shall first deign to testify their consent in that manner.

Cassel, October 1, 1798." "Sur Charles Wadstrom."-Some account of Charles Wadstrom.

Charles Bernes Wadstrom, a person well known in England, was born at Stockholm, in 1746. After having finished his studies, he was employed in the service of the King of Sweden, in quality of an Engineer. His attainment in mechanism was deemed so considerable, that, notwithstanding his youth, the grand project undertaken for the express purpose of rendering the cataract of Trollhaetta navigable during the years 1767 and 1768 was confided to his care. He was also a Mineralogist of sufficient reputation to be employed in working the copper-mines of Atredaberg, in 1769, These different occupations frequently introduced him to the conversation and acquaintance of Gustavus.

But one of the plans which occupied, and in some measure absorbed the whole attention of Wadstrom, was the enfranchisement and civilization of the portion of the human race which inhabits the vast continent of Africa. At length, with a view of obtaining authentic documents relative to the state, the manners, the characters, and the dispositions of the nations in question, he undertook a voyage to that portion of the globe, where he remained during two whole years.

There are persons who have attributed this undertaking, less to a desire to improve the condition of an unhappy portion of mankind, than for the purpose of discovering the New Jerusalem, which, ac cording to the geography of the Illuminati, was placed somewhere in the midst of regions hitherto unvisited by any European. It would appear, however, that this traveller, although no

stranger to the opinions of Swedenborg, had not carried his complaisance so far, as to undertake an expedition to Africa, for no other purpose than to realise the visions of this singular man. Candour, on the contrary, induces those best informed to believe, that the dangers, and perils, and poverty, to which he exposed himself, were wholly produced by an abhorrence to negro slavery, which proved one of the ruling passions of the heart."

Immediately on his return from the wastes of Africa, Wadstrom repaired to England, where he resided for a considerable time. The grand question relative to the abolition of the slave-trade, was then agitated in parliainent; and during the course of this discussion, he was examined at the bar of the House of Commons; on which occasion, he produced the journal into which he had daily entered the minutes of his proceedings, as well as observations, while on the coast of Africa. The intelligence exhibited by him, was regarded as not only as very cu rious, but very useful; and his testimony was frequently quoted, during the interesting proceedings that followed.

In fine, the information thus afforded, relative to the commerce in slaves, and the ideas suggested concerning a system of philanthropic colonization, at length produced the settlements of Sierra Leone and Bulama, which ought to be considered as so many monuments erected to the honour of humanity.

After this, Wadstrom published a thick volume in 4to. containing the result of his observations relative to Africa, accompanied with a variety of plates, as well as useful observations concerning colonies in general,and those on the coast of Africa, in particular. He carried but three copies of this work with him to Paris; two of these he disposed of among his friends; and as to the third, it was presented to Bonaparte, at his own special request, when he repaired to Egypt. Wadstrom also published a very interesting correspondence relative to Sierra Leone, in the Magasin Encyclopédique, which was afterwards published separate. ly in the form of a "Notice sur Sierra Leone."

While he was thus devoting his time to subjects of this nature, a mortal malady sapped his health, and produced at length a pulmonary consumption. The chagrin, the ingratitude, and the unfortunate events, he had encountered, all preyed on his mind, and aggravated his disorder;

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so that, after a cruel struggle between the strength of his constitution, and the disorder just alluded to, he died at Paris, in the 59th year of his life.

"Le Gingko Biloba:"-The Gingko Biloba.

This tree is a native of China, and the first time that it has flowered in Europe was in the botanical garden of M. Clement, at Rouen, in Normandy. It has been planted upwards of twenty years, is twelve feet high, and its trunk, which is crooked, does not exceed three or four inches in diameter. It grows under the shade of a very fine cypress. "De la Goutte."-Concerning the Gout.

A late French author expresses himself thus gayly, on the subject of this disease: "In the whole list of maladies with which suffering humanity is afflicted, none is more common, and assuredly none less pitied, than the gout. It is a painful periodical affection, and appears to be better calculated to attract the pleasantries, than to excite the sympathy of one's friends, notwithstanding the suffering may be extreme.

"A physician being called one day to a great personage of my acquaintance, the Jatter demanded, amidst his anguish, what could be the cause of this disease? The former replied, merrily, that the malady in question was called fructus belli, one of the accidents of war; which astonished his patient not a little, because he was of a very pacific profession, being a member of the long robe (a lawyer), who lived at a distance from the tuinult of camps and the chances of battles, and who in truth never slept on his arms for a night, (au bivouac) during the whole course of his life.

"I, who am subject to the gout my self, have a fellow-feeling in respect to others; and I here present them with the result of a professional consultation: even those who have been aflicted will read it with pleasure, and it will inspire the more confidence, as the person from whom I received it practised his receipt on himself. This celebrated physician died in 1781, leaving behind him many posthumous writings of great reputation, and also the character of being a man at once aniable, learned, and generous. It is true, and, perhaps, this will spoil all; that being a friend of humanity, he was also a friend of philosophers, and what is still worse, perhaps a philosopher hinself; for this is the greatest of all public, evils, and the only one that cannot be

pardoned, the union and exercise of all the pious and social virtues being inca pable of expiating it.

"It is pretended, that certain maladies descend from father to child; and that this is the case with the gout, I myself am a living example, being the son and grandson of persons afflicted with this disease: in conformity to this principle, I ought to be, and actually am, subject to it. After the two first fits, which took place at twenty-eight months distance from each other, (I was then between thirty-three and thirty-five years of age, and resided at the city of Rochelle,) one of my friends told me, he had just learned, that Doctor Tronchin, physician to a former Duke of Orleans, grandfather to him now in England, had radically cured that Prince, by the sole regimen of drinking two glasses of honey-water, every morning, fasting.

"Although I doubted greatly of the efficacy of such a simple prescription, yet I determined to render myself master of the fact; and resolved accordingly to address a letter to this physician. The following is the answer, written with his own hand;

"Paris, June 4, 1772. "You are in the right, Sir, to distrust all secrets respecting the care of the gout. There is only one known to me by experience, for I also have had the gout, although I begin to think, I shall never have it again. This secret then, which I shall fairly and honestly confide to you, consists in peace of mind, temperance, exercise, and chastity.

"I confided this recipe, some time since, to the Duke of Orleans; he then followed and still continues to practise it, although not quite so exactly as myself. Affairs of great importance, added to a delicious table, still derauge sometimes the peace of his mind, and the tempe rance of his hody. In respect to these two points, I possess some advantage over him. Heaven, indeed, is thus pleased to deal out our lots in pretty equal portions; for, by bestowing on princes both riches and honours, it some times refuses both that peace of mind and temperance bestowed upon such as you and me: in fact, this is the true hone water which will core you, as it hath cured me, provided you unite with it exercise and chastity; and even if a perfect cure " should not be attained, your disease will assuredly be rendered so supportable, that you will scarcely have say ressam bi complain.

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"In fine, you may safely give my recipe to your friends, and I trust that your heart is good enough to allow you to bestow it on your enemies, if it should so happen that you possess any. Press them to remark, that whosoever leads a mild, sober, chaste, and active life-and there are still some corners of the earth where such men exist-the gout, which is the daughter of idleness and the passions, is entirely unknown. Among these passions, the chief is intemperance, which not only errs as to the quality of aliments and liquids, but also exceeds in respect to the quantity.

"As to the quality, whatsoever is heating, strong, sharp, or salt, is bad for the gout. All fermented and spirituous liquors come under the same description. In respect to quantity, the digestion being always faulty in gouty people; the assimilating organs ought to be managed with discretion, so that they may not have too much to do at once. Dry and habitual frictions, together with constant but moderate exercise, ought to be promoted: watchfulness and late hours are both to be avoided; a sleep of seven hours duration, tranquillity, and gaiety of mind, these are the auxiliaries which efficaciously aid the digestion of the stomach, and contribute to the sanity of the body.

What some frequently attempt to remove by external remedies, is generally nothing more than either the effect, or the critical deposition of the gout,which, provided it is not regenerated, terminates the malady. On these occasions, however painful the patient may feel hunself, he has ample occasion for consolation.

"But to return to the Duc d'Orleans: the honey water, of which he made use from time to time, had not, properly speaking, the gout for its object; this was used merely as a mild and gentle purgative, which sympathises better with that disease than others of a more drastic nature, to which he never recurred; for since I had the honour to attend him, he has never been purged. Formerly this occurred monthly, and sometimes once a fortnight: he was also bied once every four weeks, but since I became his body physician, he has never once lost an ounce of blood.

"By means of the secret,' which I have thus readily confided to you, his gout is nearly annihilated altogether, and his health is so completely re-esta blished, that he has no further occasion

for me. Behold, sir, a true statement; for I have frequently communicated every thing, and the moral to be de duced becomes self-evident: it is, that if peace of mind, temperance, exercise, and chastity, succeed so well with princes, we may and ought to hope for great things in respect to ourselves; because it is far more practicable for us, than for them, both to become and remain masters of our passions, as well as to live soberly and chastely. Exercise alone is more easy to them than to us: they possess a greater number of horses. Were it not for some advantage, who would be a prince?

"I am charmed, Sir, that the explana tion required by you has procured me this opportunity to assure you of my respect, and

"I am, Sir,

"Your most obedient, &c. "TRONCHIN." "After reading this letter, and perusing his various works, who is it that will not form an advantageous opinion of the heart and understanding of Doctor Tronchin? One is astonished, and even scandalized, nay indignant at either the error or injustice of his countryman, J. J. Rousseau, who has dared to term him a Quack. Had he been so, this same letter would have afforded him a most excellent opportunity."

"Les Foères Schroeder, Anecdote véritable, imitée de l'Allemand de Meissner." The two Brothers of the name of Schroeder, a true Anecdote, imitated from the German of Meissner.

A person employed in one of the public offices in Berlin, on his death left his widow and several of his children in a situation approaching to indigence. Two of his sons, both in the public schools, and at the university, experienced all the privations, joined to many other of those disagreeable circumstances which fall to the lot of poor students; notwithstanding this, they never permitted themselves to be stopped in their career by any obstacles whatsoever. The elder divided his applica tion between jurisprudence, which might prove serviceable to his fortune, and mathematics, for which he had always exhibited a decided predilection.

At the end of their course they obtained from the various professors the most honourable attestations of their industry and abilities; but no possible resource presented itself to them in their native country, where they found it im

possible

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