pedestal of each obelisk remained in its original n and place; but the separate stones were turned around on each other, as represented in the figures; them being moved eight or nine inches out of their but none were thrown down. pears from the statements, that in many instances, the ground was fissured, the motion must have been elow, upwards, for these fissures opened and closed ely, as though the ground, in that particular spot, n violently lifted up with a force from below, by a fissure was formed, but, the force ceasing instantly, und again assumed its former position, and the fisosed. Perhaps the escape of some gas or steam the fissure, produced this effect. any instances, these fissures were so wide as in an to swallow up men, trees, and even houses, and e earth sunk down again, it closed upon them so , as not to leave the least vestige of what had hapnor were any signs of them ever discovered afterIn the vicinity of Oppido, the centre of these con, many houses were precipitated into the same great which immediately closed over them; and, in the eighborhood, four farmhouses, several oil stores elling-houses were so entirely ingulfed, that not a of them were seen afterwards. In one ne instances, these chasms did not close. a ravine, formed in this manner, a mile long, 100 d, and thirty feet deep, remained open; and in ansimilar one remained, three-quarters of a mile 0 feet wide, and 100 feet deep; in another instance, mained such a chasm thirty feet wide, and 225 feet rious places, the ground sunk down, and lakes med, which, being fed by springs, have remained Ice. The convulsions also removed immense of earth from the sides of steep hills into the valw, so that, in many instances, oaks, olive orchards, Is, and cultivated fields, were seen growing at the of deep hollows, having been removed from the s of the vicinity. In one instance, a mass of earth thick, and 400 feet in diameter, being set in moone of the first shocks, travelled four miles into y below. unword motion of the around w70 0 llustrated by the inversion of heavy bodies lysurface, and which can hardly be accounted for, he supposition that they were actually thrown erable distance into the air. Thus, in some siderable proportion of the flat paving stones, with their lower sides uppermost. Mr. Lys for this effect, by supposing that the "stones led upwards by the momentum which they had nd that the adhesion of one end of the mass er than the other, a rotary motion had been Eed to them." But it is difficult to conceive ling motion, so rapid as to produce such an efhave been communicated to a whole town, ducing some consequences still more extraordi ain of Rosarnó, a different effect was produced et described. This plain consists of an alluvial -after the commencement of the earthquakes, overed with circular hollows, containing water, the hollows, were fissures radiating from their ry direction, as represented by fig. 7. Fig. 7. up from beneath ere, for the most part, about the size of carriage I sometimes larger or smaller. When filled to within a foot or two of the surface, they ke wells, but more commonly they were filled and, sometimes with a concave, and at others ex surface. On digging into the earth, these re found to be funnel-shaped, the moist loose centre, indicating the tube through which the ascended. The annexed cut, fig. 7, is intended t a section of these inverted cones, when the disappeared, leaving nothing in it but dry mid. This sand appeared to have been brought limits w fects and appearanc ced, some of which much alarm. The back ried was overwhelmed, or destroyed. The Pr 11 eneath by the water which was sometimes found sand. limits will not allow the description of other efppearances, which this dreadful calamity produ of which are equally curious and inexplicable. st not, however, close this account without rean incident connected with the destruction of hus well as to the number of responsible beings e suddenly called to the world of spirits, by this ct of a mysterious Providence. nce Scilla had persuaded many of his people to selves to their fishing boats, as a place of safety, indications of an earthquake, which in that volry are so well understood, and which create so n. The Prince himself had set the example, n board of one of these boats. On the fifth of when the first violent shock happened, many ple were sleeping in their boats near the shore, s were on the shore, at a place little elevated sea. With this convulsion the earth rocked, ly there was precipitated a great mass of rock Jaci, on the plain where the people had taken immediately after the water rose to a great e its ordinary level, and swept away the sleepde. The wave then instantly retreated, but eturned again with increased violence, bringing of the people, and animals, which it had carAt the same time every boat in the vicinity s people, were thus swept away, and perished in nber of human beings who were destroyed by of earthquakes, was estimated by Sir William at about 40,000, besides which nearly 20,000 by epidemics, which were occasioned by insufrishment, and the noxious vapors arising from kes and pools of water, which this terrible catasasioned, thus making the whole number that 0,000. tries where volcanoes exist, and which are also earthquakes, experience has taught, that the es cease, or become harmless, so soon as an erupthe mountain commences. On the supposition arth constantly contains within it an ocean of elted matter; that earthquakes are caused by rbance of this liquid; and that volcanoes are its or outlets when thus disturbed, this fact would neasy explanation. In another place we shall ard many circumstances, to show that this theory ue, and shall only remark here, that the Calahquakes may be brought as an item in support ctrine, for neither Etna nor any of the Italian suffered the least sign of eruption during these convulsions. Lake of Lisbon. This great earthquake haphe month of November, 1755, and with respect e extent to which it was felt, exceeded all others here is any account. t intimation of its approach was a loud subterrae, somewhat like distant thunder, and immediwards, the city of Lisbon was shook with such to prostrate nearly all its houses. The wretchints, with so short a warning, were unable to take precaution for their safety, so that in about six ,000 people perished. at first retired, and laid bare the bed of the harvhich it immediately rolled back, in an immense ng fifty feet at least, above its ordinary level. est mountains in Portugal were shaken to their s, and several had their summits rent in a manstruck every beholder with astonishment. e most extraordinary and calamitous effect which uced at Lisbon, was the sinking of a quay, toth the thousands of inhabitants with which it was This work was built entirely of marble, and just t an immense expense; and on it, after the first vast concourse of people had collected as a afety, having left the city to escape the fall of the But it proved the most fatal spot in the vicinity, e next shock the earth opened and instantly d up the whole quay, with the multitude which assembled, and so completely were the whole y the closing of the earth, that not a single dead rose again to the surface. A great number of ts and other vessels, near the quay, filled with a place of safety, were also precipitated into the vortex, and it is stated that not a single fragment these boats were ever seen afterwards. It was hat the water where the quay stood was une, but its depth was afterwards found to be 600 mense area over which this earthquake was felt, narkable; for not only was every part of Spain gal convulsed, but the shocks were perceived er or less intensity in England, Holland, Italy, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Corsica, the es, at Morocco and Algiers in Africa, and in a outh America. At Algiers the shock was so to throw down many buildings; and a village, m Morocco, was swallowed up, and 10,000 inperished. A great wave from the sea swept whole coast of Spain. At Cadiz its height is ve been sixty feet, and its devastations in pro ock was also felt by ships far at sea, and, in sevees, the concussion was such as to make the peose their vessels had struck on a rock. In one is said that the people on board a vessel off the ies, were thrown up a foot and a half from the is circumstance may be accounted for from the 7 of water, so that a violent and sudden movee bottom of the ocean, would be communicated ace and to the ship, through the medium of the |