ws, and scratches upon the surfaces of the ve never been moved from their places. ing sketch, fig. 4, exhibits a rock of this de= the turnpike from Boston to Chelmsford, between Bedford and Billerica, and not far enth mile stone from Boston. The rock is between gneiss and mica slate. Its strata the direction of a a; and the grooves and the direction b b. The direction of these

arly north and south; and this is their generevery part of the State, east of Hoosac mounonly, however, they run a few degrees east west of north.

mber of other instances are adduced, presenthenomena, in different parts of the State, all respond with the above, in respect to the di

e furrows.

a Beche, after having described the various exist in many parts of Britain, indicating the a of rocks, stones, and sand, comes to the follusions. "The probability, therefore, as far as cts seem to warrant, is, that a body of water d from north to south over the British isles, sufficient velocity to transport fragments of Norway to the Shetland isles, and the eastern land; the course of such a body of water havdified and obstructed among the valleys, hills, ns, which it encountered; so that various mi' currents having been produced, the distributus has been in various directions."

pposition of a mass of waters having passed be founded on probability, the evidences of age, or passages, should be found in the neighnent of Europe, and the general direction of ted substances should be the same. Now this I what we do find. In Sweden and Russia, s of rock occur out of place, in great numbers, ot can be entertained, that they have been transhward from the north. The same phenomena d in Germany, the Netherlands, and indeed in ry part of the old world, where observations made. The lower parts of the last named

by their mineralogical characters, to have been m the northern regions.

Germany and the Netherlands, various obstrucin the form of mountains; and if the supposition f waters be correct, it would be thrown out of I course, in various directions, and from lofty ranges, such as the Alps, there would be a rea back wave retrograding through the valleys, e deposites, perhaps in the form of small hills, seen in various parts of the world. M. Elie de

has described, probably, the effects of such a action, in an immense quantity of debris which riven from the central chain of the Alps, out

Did

THE

Grily near to that at w
dachian deluge to ha
prejudiced mind that th
el can only be imputed to
given in the book of Ge
Animals destroyed by th
to have been destroyed
Bains have been discovere
llowing. It is not certa
f the whole list was con
are found in superficia
elievers in the Mosaic ac
de effects of the general
Elephas primigeniu
ant. Remains found in
Common in Siberia, Rus
Asia, where the tusks are
ald for ivory to a great
orthern parts of North
the Russians.

on of importance now presents itself, with re-
e general changes which were produced on the
the earth by this moving mass of waters.
exist as they do now, when this deluge began,
ey formed by its action? De Luc, Von Bush,
and several other geologists of the first class,
nted the world with a detail of facts, from which
fer that the great valleys existed previously to
ophe which tore the rocks from the Alps, and
hem on either side of that chain of mountains.
probable that the same conclusion ought to be
h respect to all other great valleys, there being
ason to believe, that they were excavated by the
ich transported the rocks and sand banks above
Still, as we have already noticed, there is no
he mass of waters which moved rocks weighing
f tons, often to the distance of many leagues,
great changes on the surface of this globe, and
or perhaps most of the smaller valleys, as well
s of rivers, may be attributed to its effects.

minut

2. Mastodon maximu Fund in Ohio, Kentuc North America. It Ta larger animal. It Of this animal, there are respect to size. The M America. The other Europe, and in South A Hippopotamus ma) Found in various parts Hippopotamus found in France. 4. Rhinoceros. Cu this animal in the fos either of the three livi common in some parts been found in America 5. Tapirus giganter are found in many par 6. Cervus giganter Silesia, banks of the I 7. Cervus. Severa various parts of Euro

e facts and circumstances thus thrown together, ufficient evidence that the earth has been deflood of water, which in its course transported es of rock from one place to another; excavated rmed hills of diluvial detritus, and finally left on the surface of the globe, which are almost e apparent at the present day. Geologists genee that this deluge could not have taken place emote period of time; perhaps four or five thouago, and therefore this period corresponds suf

r to that at which the Mosaic history states n deluge to have happened, to convince any I mind that the effects of water above describbe imputed to that flood, an account of which he book of Genesis.

lestroyed by the deluge. The animals supposbeen destroyed by the deluge, and whose rebeen discovered in diluvial deposites, are the It is not certain, however, that the destruction e list was contemporaneous, but the bones of 1 in superficial gravels, sands or clays, which the Mosaic account consider as belonging to f the general and punitive deluge.

as primigenius, (Blumenbach,) Primitive Elenains found in various parts of Europe. Very Siberia, Russia, and most northern parts of the tusks are uninjured, and are dug up and ry to a great extent. It is also found in the rts of North America. This is the mammoth

ans.

don maximus, (Cuvier,) Great Mastodon.Ohio, Kentucky, New York, and other parts merica. It has tusks like the Elephant, but - animal. It is the mammoth of the Americans. nal, there are six species, differing chiefly with ize. The M. maximus is found only in North The other species occur in various parts of in South America.

potamus major, (Cuvier,) Great Hippopotamus. arious parts of England, and in Bavaria. tamus minutus. Little Hippopotamus. It is

rance.

oceros.

Cuvier has determined four species of 1 in the fossil state, none of which belong to e three living species. These fossil bones are some parts of Europe, but none of them have in America.

us giganteus. The bones of the gigantic Tapir n many parts of France, Bavaria, and Austria. us giganteus. Great Elk. Found in Ireland, nks of the Rhine, and near Paris.

"he Ox. The bones of the ox tribe are common parts of Europe.

The fossil remains of this animal, are also

Europe.

The Horse. Common in many places.
(Jefferson,) Green Briar. Virginia.

galonyx.

und in any other place. gatherium. Buenos Ayres.

cal proofs of the Deluge. Notwithstanding the proofs, which, in the opinions of most geologists, resents of a general deluge, there are still some e writers on that subject, who, giving no credit saic history, seek out other causes, to which they e effects generally assigned to that catastrophe. point of great importance in geology, to show at this earth was once drowned by a flood of cause if this be not a truth, few facts in the natuof the earth can be depended upon, since few established, than that there was a deluge. This elation to our subject, merely a question of sciat present claim nothing for the truth of the story, as an argument in its favor.

of a universal cataclysm is not only shown by ance of the earth, but by civil history, by tradiy the condition and number of its inhabitants. ucity of mankind, and the vast tracts of uninand which are mentioned in the history of the ages, show that the human race at present on are but of recent origin, and that they sprung all stock; and to this may be added that the ber of petty kingdoms and states in the first ar to the same purpose.-Horne's Introduction, 70.

THE

reind a vacant spot, duri
les millions; and yet the
rase, we suppose, for
If there was no catastrop
body of mankind, and had
the creation, is there not e
ot quite certain, that their
more numerous than th
Pretended Antiquity

aid that several nations
nds before the historical
sions, when carefully
ery instance, to be entir
It is well known that th
ity for their nation a
nes, who examined the
aims were founded, beca
s were without the 1
dsays that eminents
probable traditio
planted; empires and
built; navigation im
invented; or letters
st, fifteen or sixteen
Christ. Indeed, it is kn
Tho have made the litera
bject of study, that t
hich dates anterior to t

sting population in North America, is in itself show the recent origin of the present race of d the millions of people which existed before e, continued to increase in the same ratio that cans have, during the last two hundred years, ithout reference to emmigration, is it probable rt of this earth would now remain uninhabited? o make an estimate of the number of inhabitants rth America will contain two thousand years ng the last two hundred as data, where should

even

There is a popular of trace the history of thei and yet, on examin any knowledge of eleventh century before probably, almost, if n We shall notice furt which the Egypti of their nation, appe mode of reckoning tim nar month, or thirty the claims of the Chal antiquity, are equ Tosus, they knew so lit

mote

■nt spot, during the existence of such countand yet the present race have continued to suppose, for more than four thousand years. no catastrophe which destroyed the great ind, and had they continued to increase from is there not every reason to believe, nay, is it ain, that their numbers would have been vasterous than they actually are?

Antiquity of some Nations. It has been eral nations could trace their antiquity to pehe historical date of the deluge. These preen carefully examined, have been found, in ze, to be entirely groundless.

known that the Hindoos claim the highest aneir nation and their learning. Sir William xamined the authorities on which these high founded, became convinced, that such preten. ithout the least foundation in truth. "We hat eminent scholar, "no certain monuments, able tradition, (among these people,) of na; empires and states raised; laws enacted; citvigation improved; commerce encouraged; 1; or letters contrived, above twelve, or at

or sixteen centuries before the birth of deed, it is known from the researches of those ade the literature and antiquities of that nation study, that they possess no authentic history anterior to the third or fourth century of our

a popular opinion that the Chinese are able to story of their nation to a very remote antiqui, on examination, they do not pretend to posowledge of their own nation, anterior to the ntury before the Christian era, and even this almost, if not entirely fabulous.

notice further on this point, that the pretenthe Egyptians have made to the great antiquination, appear to have been founded on their koning time, by which a year consisted of a 1, or thirty days, instead of 365 days; and that of the Chaldeans to profound science and reity, are equally unfounded. According to Be

know so little of Astronomy the oldest of the