two persons conjointly, and one of them to three. The era of church building had not yet set in, though from 1732 onwards churches were erected. The period of rebuilding came in later, about forty years after this time. The original small frame buildings had to do duty for some years yet. The distinction between communion table and altar is more in agreement with Methodist usage than our own at present, and like the present title, "Protestant Episcopal," found nearly sixty years before this time, shows that more things have been inherited from those days than we give them credit for. What may have been the architectural appearance of the church after all these changes, is a difficult question, but doubtless the longing was fostered for the time when a structure worthy of the parish and large enough to provide room for all that might come to worship, might be erected.

Things proceeded quietly in the parish during Mr. Tustian's ministry, the vestry attending to their various duties of caring for the material welfare of the church, the moral condition of the people, and the financial affairs of the commonwealth within their jurisdiction. The last they performed by appointing counters to regulate and control the growth of tobacco, the law forbidding at this time more than a limited amount to each taxable, 7,000 plants; with half that quantity to non-taxables. Their care for the morals of the people is shown by the following, of the date of 1733: "Upon complaint of Samuel Taylor and Ann Howard's unlawfully cohabiting together, this vestry has ordered that the said Samuel Taylor and Ann Howard be summoned

to appear before them at the Parrish Church on Tuesday the 24th day of July, to answer to the above complaint." This summons was obeyed, and upon the appearance of the parties they were informed by the vestry that upon examination, the charge was well founded, and they were ordered to mend their ways. Fortunately such cases were now far less frequent. By a law passed in 1730, persons refusing to become vestrymen upon election, were fined a thousand pounds of tobacco, the amount at first laid upon church wardens for refusing to serve. If they did serve, the service was to be real and not merely nominal, for refusal or failure to attend the meetings of the vestry subjected the delinquent to a further penalty.

The church at this time came into possession of the silver bason which it still has, the gift provided for by the Rev. Mr. Hall in his will. În 1724 Mr. Tustian reported to the vestry that he had received from Mrs. Mary Hall bills of exchange for ten pounds sterling, which amount the vestry authorized him to expend according to the terms of the legacy, and in 1726 we have the account rendered for the total of the bason, ten pounds and six shillings. Also in 1723 we find William Loch Esq., informing the vestry "that it was the desire of his wife upon her death bedd to give the sum of ten pounds towards adorning the altar of St. James' Parrish Church with the Creed, Lord's Prayer and Ten Commandments, which according to her desire he is ready to comply with. Whereupon he desired the vestry to agree with the joyner for the same." This was done, and according to the lady's pious wish

the tablets were set up, the same doubtless that at present are found in the church; having been transferred when the present edifice replaced the old one.

The last mention we have of Mr. Tustian as rector of St. James' was in the year 1732. In the year 1726 he had gone to England, remaining away probably over a year, as we have no mention of him for nearly eighteen months. Nor were any vestry meetings, it seems, held within this time except one, which may mean that the church was closed or that the rector's presence was needed to keep affairs active. After his withdrawal from the parish temporary supply was secured, apparently by the vestry, in the services of the Rev. John Urquhart, for nearly a year, and it is possible that Mr. Tustian made some such provision for his absence. The parish was peaceful during his incumbency, as far as we can discern, though the church in the province was so much disturbed. Later on, however, we find him engaged in a lawsuit concerning his salary, having sued the sheriff for sums due as Rector of St. James.' The vestry authorized the sheriff to allow the proceeding, and secured him against loss. The case having been passed upon in the colony and decided against Mr. Tustian, it was carried to England by appeal. How it was finally settled there we do not know, nor do we know what the ground of the suit was. It ran through a number of years, the appeal being taken in 1740.

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CHAPTER XII.

THIRD RECTORSHIP.

GENERAL REVIEW.

The period we have now reached was, for a large part of it, marked with quietness both in England and the colonies. In the former the great series of whig administrations, which reached over an interval of about fifty years, persevered in their policy of peace, laying deep and strong that marvelous foundation on which England's glory and prosperity to this day rest. As before noted she sacrificed nothing in dignity by this policy; for she maintained always a position commanding the respect of the nations of Europe. How far her inactivity may have been the result of choice, or how far it may have resulted from the exigencies of her situation in respect of the house of Stuart, that through this period watched its opportunity to make a successful descent upon England, is a question; but certain it is that there was abundant opportunity for an active foreign policy in the wars upon the continent, had England desired such opportunity. Men of peace were, however, at the head of affairs, who loved peace for its fruits; and bending all their

energies, and the force of a wonderful organization, to maintain their ends, they created a new England, both in the developement of home industries and in the extension of an all-embracing foreign commerce. Afterwards the country broke loose from her peaceful habits and entered upon a course of almost wild indulgence in foreign wars, and luxuriated in the sound of battles and the scenes of carnage. But whether peace or war, every policy advanced England's greatness; for to all quarters of the globe she at this time extended her arms and established the beginnings of the greatest empire that the world has ever seen. She lost America; for she had not yet learned how to keep her grown up children at home; and she would not recognize that the American colonies were not still in their nonage; but she gained much else in their place, and what she then gained she knows now how to keep, and she is the mother country beloved, admired, glorified, to millions in every division of the globe.

But these great conceptions had a secondary influence. For whether she regarded the ways of peace as advancing her internal prosperity, or whether as a giant she was struggling with the giants of the earth, so was her attention absorbed in the grander scenes that it became impossible for her to assume the narrowness of religious bigotry; but rather, by the very force of her circumstances her old persecuting edicts became practically obsolete and ready to vanish away. For bigotry and enterprise do not go hand in hand, but rather the former flourishes only in the self-absorption of a provincial temper; and