established in the hearts of the people to justify at present a second attempt. But we find the old charges renewed against the clergy, and we find that loss of influence which is implied in the prevalence of infidelity and in the rise of new sects so strongly complained of. We also find the old feeling of antagonism renewed in the passage again of the act of 1730 affecting their salaries. This was done in 1747, and probably, nothing can show more strongly the condition of the clergy's minds with respect to the people, than the fact that they were quiescent in the face of this legislation, feeling doubtless that any agitation on their part would be without satisfactory result.

It was a time of radical disintegation; for the proprietary and his deputy in the colony, were the only ones that in any way exercised any control over the church. There was no commissary for the previous one had relinquished his office; the diocesan of the colonies did not utter a word, for it would have been, as to authority, but a sound; the proprietary was jealous of his rights, and maintained with consistency his control over ecclesiastical affairs, which the law and his charter gave him. Unfortunately, however, his character was not high, and though he could speak with kindness of the clergy, he could watch that in no way they should add to the difficulties that disturbed his province. In all things else their condition was satisfactory. Their income was abundant, and they were protected against any encroachment upon their rights and privileges. In fact the governor, through most of this period, Mr. Sam. Ogle,

seems to have been well disposed towards the church and clergy, doing sometimes the unwonted thing of refusing to place in the care of parishes those whom he had reason to believe were unworthy. The form of his letter of induction, also, differing so materially from that of his predecessors, would indicate a certain preposession in favor of the clergy, and a desire to do them all the honor possible, and maintain their rights in their cures. This form will hereafter be given. The clergy's income was generally ample, averaging in 1741, according to one of their own number, about two hundred pounds sterling. As many of them had glebes also, they could live in great comfort, for without land to supply a large part of the necessaries for the household, living was very expensive in Maryland. At this time, 1741, there were thirty-eight parishes or more in the colony, and the ministerial supply was generally abundant. Not all, however, were rectors, but some were called in only in emergencies or to serve during a temporary vacancy. In 1748 the population of the colony was reported as being ninety-four thousand whites and thirtysix thousand blacks. Some few of these last were communicants. As in 1722 the number of communicants was estimated at three thousand, the strong propability is that the church's comparative strength in 1748 was as great as it is at this time. What the increase was from 1722 to 1748 we do not know, but there is no reason why it should not have been equal relatively to the increase in population. Efforts doubtless still continued for the amelioration of the negro slaves, but as the slave trade constantly poured a great

number into the colony, their improvement was as constantly retarded. Maryland always, however, felt her obligations to this class, and the influence of her orderly ways is still manifest in those who were formerly the servants of church people. From the present outlook, however, we can only fear, that for generations our power for more direct good is gone.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE PARISH.

The affairs of the parish throw some light upon the experience of the church in the colony at this time. The last mention of Mr. Tustian, as attending the meetings of the vestry, was on Aprit 10th 1732, though evidently for some reason he regarded himself as rector until two years afterwards, and insisted, apparently, on receiving the income of the parish until his successor was inducted. The merits of his difficulty we do not know, nor the ground of his plea. We find, however, that he showed wonderful persistency, being convinced of the rightfulness of his cause; and that in carrying the case from court to court, and finally by appeal to England, he gave the vestry a great deal of trouble. The case was probably a notable one at the time. The vestry's counsel were Mr. Philip Key, Mr. Daniel Dulany, and Mr. Cumming. The Rev. Mr. Chase was security for Mr. Tustian, and in 1738 we find the vestry ordering that he be called on to meet the costs of the case, which, however, he refused to do. Mr. Tustian retained possession of parish property as long as possible, for in June 1734 we find the vestry ordering the

church wardens to go to Mr. Henderson, his attorney in fact, and demand the surrender of the church library. Whether he prosecuted the case in England we do not know. The vestry immediately engaged a solicitor in London, but from some slight evidence it would appear that the case never came up.

Mr. Tustian's successor was the Rev. John Lang, a gentleman that had formerly been in Virginia, though he had now been in Maryland for some years, having preached the Visitation Sermon in Christ Church, Kent Island in 1730, being at that time rector of St. Luke's Parish, Queen Anne's County. As we can say of the two preceding rectors, he was a man of strong character, and commanded respect for his intelligence; while at the same time, as the records evidence, he was a man of amiability, and though afflicted with troubles, yet he loved peace and the quietness of his cure.

His letter of induction bears the date of May 24th 173. One year of the two since Mr. Tustian disappeared from the parish, the church was ministered to by the Rev. John Urquhart, possibly engaged by the vestry, as they issued to him a certificate of service rendered. How it was provided for in spiritual matters during the other year we do not know. Mr. Lang's letter from the Governor is very peculiar, differing in some respects radically from the earlier forms. They had been addressed to the gentlemen of the vestry, who, however, were commanded to receive the bearer. This is directed to the minister himself, and reads thus:

Sam. Ogle Esq., Governor and Commander-in